Hydnellum

Showing the teeth and stem of a widespread fungus known as the Rough Cap Tooth.

Also known as the Orange Tooth. Apparently a widespread terrestrial fungus, found mainly under Conifers. Photo from the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia.

Widespread in North America, following conifers into Central America.In context at www.dixpix.ca/meso_america/Flora/fungi/index.html

Hydnellum peckii Bank.Devil's Tooth, DE: Scharfer KorkstachelingSlo.: Peckova jeevkaDat.: Oct. 9 .2013Lat.: 46.39976 Long.: 13.70130Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8511Picture file names: from Hydnellum-peckii_raw_1 to Hydnellum-peckii_raw_5.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (dry) Soa river bed, south of the last pastures, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever.Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?).Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846.Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Hedge Hog Mushroom

Hydnellum peckii Bank.Devil's Tooth, DE: Scharfer KorkstachelingSlo.: Peckova jeevkaDat.: Oct. 9 .2013Lat.: 46.39976 Long.: 13.70130Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8511Picture file names: from Hydnellum-peckii_raw_1 to Hydnellum-peckii_raw_5.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (dry) Soa river bed, south of the last pastures, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever.Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?).Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846.Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Hydnellum peckii Bank.Devil's Tooth, DE: Scharfer KorkstachelingSlo.: Peckova jeevkaDat.: Oct. 9 .2013Lat.: 46.39976 Long.: 13.70130Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8511Picture file names: from Hydnellum-peckii_raw_1 to Hydnellum-peckii_raw_5.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (dry) Soa river bed, south of the last pastures, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever.Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?).Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846.Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Hydnellum peckii Bank.Devil's Tooth, DE: Scharfer KorkstachelingSlo.: Peckova jeevkaDat.: Oct. 9 .2013Lat.: 46.39976 Long.: 13.70130Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8511Picture file names: from Hydnellum-peckii_raw_1 to Hydnellum-peckii_raw_5.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (dry) Soa river bed, south of the last pastures, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever.Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?).Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846.Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Hydnellum peckii Bank.Devil's Tooth, DE: Scharfer KorkstachelingSlo.: Peckova jeevkaDat.: Oct. 9 .2013Lat.: 46.39976 Long.: 13.70130Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8511Picture file names: from Hydnellum-peckii_raw_1 to Hydnellum-peckii_raw_5.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (dry) Soa river bed, south of the last pastures, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever.Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?).Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846.Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Hydnellum peckii Bank.Devil's Tooth, DE: Scharfer KorkstachelingSlo.: Peckova jeevkaDat.: Oct. 9 .2013Lat.: 46.39976 Long.: 13.70130Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8511Picture file names: from Hydnellum-peckii_raw_1 to Hydnellum-peckii_raw_5.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (dry) Soa river bed, south of the last pastures, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever.Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?).Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846.Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Also known as the Bleeding Tooth or Strawberries and Cream. The photo shows a young and a mature specimen and a closer view of the teeth. This is a vase-shaped terrestrial species found under conifers in North America.

Hydnellum peckii Bank.Devil's Tooth, DE: Scharfer KorkstachelingSlo.: Peckova jeevkaDat.: Oct. 9 .2013Lat.: 46.39976 Long.: 13.70130Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8511Picture file names: from Hydnellum-peckii_raw_1 to Hydnellum-peckii_raw_5.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (dry) Soa river bed, south of the last pastures, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever.Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?).Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846.Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Hydnellum peckii Bank.Devil's Tooth, DE: Scharfer KorkstachelingSlo.: Peckova jeevkaDat.: Oct. 9 .2013Lat.: 46.39976 Long.: 13.70130Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8511Picture file names: from Hydnellum-peckii_raw_1 to Hydnellum-peckii_raw_5.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (dry) Soa river bed, south of the last pastures, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever.Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?).Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846.Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...