During breeding season the males use at least two methods of communication. First, their physical appearance changes (as described in the reproductive section). Second, males make a variety of pulsed sounds when acting aggresively with other males. It is not known if these sounds are also used in courtship or spawning.
Bluntnose minnows probably release chemicals called pheromones when they are alarmed.
Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
This is a very common fish. In fact, bluntnose minnows are probably the most abundant freshwater fish in the eastern United States. (Page and Burr, 1991)
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
This fish is commonly used for bait in the fishing industry.
Bluntnose minnows serve an important role as prey for larger animals and as a predator on insect larvae.
Bluntnose minnows eat algae, aquatic insect larvae, diatoms, and small crustaceans called entomostracans. Occasionally they will eat fish eggs or small fish. (State of Iowa DNR, 2001)
Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats eggs, Eats non-insect arthropods); omnivore
The bluntnose minnow is widely distributed in small and medium-sized streams in North America. They occur from southern Quebec and Manitoba south to Louisiana, west to the Mississipi River drainage (but not the Mississippi River itself).(Froese and Pauly, 2002; State of Iowa DNR, 2001)
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
Bluntnose minnows prefer clear, rocky streams and creeks that are small to medium in size. They also occur in natural and man-made lakes.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; freshwater
Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams
The maximimum recorded age for a bluntnose minnow is five years. It is unclear whether this was a captive or wild individual. (Froese and Pauly, 2002)
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 5.0 (high) years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 2.0 (high) years.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 5 years.
This is a very small silver fish, long and slender with a dark stripe from snout to tail. At the base of the tail the stripe becomes a dot. Upperparts are slightly olive while sides are bluish. The name "bluntnose" refers to the rather flat snout. During the breeding season, males become darker, with a silver bar behind the gill cover (opercle), and grow 16 bumps in three rows on their head. (Page and Burr 1991; State of Iowa DNR, 2001)
Range length: 11.0 (high) cm.
Other Physical Features: bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male more colorful
This small fish is prey to many larger fish as well as many birds and reptiles. To avoid them, minnows move fast, travel in schools, and hide.
A close relative, the fathead minnow (Pimephales notatus) gives off a chemical called "alarm substance" when under attack. Scientists think the substance may be a distress signal that attracts other predatory fish who interrupt the first predator, allowing the minnow to escape (Chivers et al., 1996)
The list below is only a sample of the species that eat minnows.
Known Predators:
During the spawning season, males' heads grow darker and their bodies become bluish. They also develop three rows of bumps, or tubercles on their heads. Females release masses of eggs which stick to the underside of rocks or floating logs. They are therefore sheltered while spawning. Depending on the temperature of the waters, eggs may hatch into fry in 8 to 14 days. (State of Iowa DNR, 2002; USGS, 1982)
Breeding season: April through September, but usually May through July
Range gestation period: 14.0 (high) days.
Key Reproductive Features: fertilization (External ); oviparous
Males stay and guard the eggs and the fry. (USGS, 1982)
Parental Investment: male parental care
