Sordariomycetes

Slo.: krlatna bradavika - ., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. Gams - Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvatica - Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer. - Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance (2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/ (3) http://www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) https://www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

Slo.: krlatna bradavika - ., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. Gams - Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvatica - Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer. - Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance (2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/ (3) http://www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) https://www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

species described by Ju YM, Hsieh HM, Vasilyeva L, Akulov A. in 2009 from Primorsky Territory, Russia

species described by Ju YM, Hsieh HM, Vasilyeva L, Akulov A. in 2009 from Primorsky Territory, Russia

species described by Ju YM, Hsieh HM, Vasilyeva L, Akulov A. in 2009 from Primorsky Territory, Russia

species described by Ju YM, Hsieh HM, Vasilyeva L, Akulov A. in 2009 from Primorsky Territory, Russia

Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Surface - Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Hypha. - Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Sphaerocarp. - Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Hypha with macroconidia. - Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Sphaerocarp. - Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

The thickest hypha observed. - Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Another sphaerocarp. - Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.

Slo.: noviasta skorjederka - Habitat: mixed broadleaved and conifer wood, locally flat terrain, calcareous ground; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 835 m (2.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: decayed dead branch of Fagus sylvatica lying on ground.Comment: Biscogniauxia nummularia is a common fungus in beech woods of the Upper Soa River region. It can be recognized by more or less round, but many times also confluent and irregular shape, (almost) black spots on rotting trunks and fallen branches of Fagus sylvatica. Spots are flat, not cushion like. Ostioles are rather small.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 270. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 129.

Slo.: noviasta skorjederka - Habitat: mixed broadleaved and conifer wood, locally flat terrain, calcareous ground; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 835 m (2.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decayed dead branch of Fagus sylvatica lying on ground. Comment: Biscogniauxia nummularia is a common fungus in beech woods of the Upper Soa River region. It can be recognized by more or less round, but many times also confluent and irregular shape, (almost) black spots on rotting trunks and fallen branches of Fagus sylvatica. Spots are flat, not cushion like. Ostioles are rather small. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 270. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 129.

Slo.: noviasta skorjederka - Habitat: mixed broadleaved and conifer wood, locally flat terrain, calcareous ground; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 835 m (2.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decayed dead branch of Fagus sylvatica lying on ground. Comment: Biscogniauxia nummularia is a common fungus in beech woods of the Upper Soa River region. It can be recognized by more or less round, but many times also confluent and irregular shape, (almost) black spots on rotting trunks and fallen branches of Fagus sylvatica. Spots are flat, not cushion like. Ostioles are rather small. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 270. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 129.

Slo.: noviasta skorjederka - Habitat: mixed broadleaved and conifer wood, locally flat terrain, calcareous ground; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 835 m (2.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decayed dead branch of Fagus sylvatica lying on ground. Comment: Biscogniauxia nummularia is a common fungus in beech woods of the Upper Soa River region. It can be recognized by more or less round, but many times also confluent and irregular shape, (almost) black spots on rotting trunks and fallen branches of Fagus sylvatica. Spots are flat, not cushion like. Ostioles are rather small. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 270. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 129.

Slo.: noviasta skorjederka - Habitat: mixed broadleaved and conifer wood, locally flat terrain, calcareous ground; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 835 m (2.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decayed dead branch of Fagus sylvatica lying on ground. Comment: Biscogniauxia nummularia is a common fungus in beech woods of the Upper Soa River region. It can be recognized by more or less round, but many times also confluent and irregular shape, (almost) black spots on rotting trunks and fallen branches of Fagus sylvatica. Spots are flat, not cushion like. Ostioles are rather small. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 270. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 129.