Chromulinales

Ollicola vangoorii (Conrad, 1938) Voers, 1992. Lorica: 2-3 x 3-5 microns (2-3 x 3-7 microns), protoplast diameter: 1-2 microns (2-3 microns).The cell is oval-globular and carries two unequal heterokont flagella. It resides in a lorica, which is divided into an anterior cylindrical and a basal conical part. The lorica wall may be conspicuously thickened, with a yellow or orange tint. The intensity of the colour varies, depending on the degree of Fe and Mn mineralization. A transverse striation of the lorica is sometimes visible by light-microscopy. When viewed by electron microscopy, the lorica appears to be fibrous, constructed of a spirally curved ribbon, similar to the lorica of some bicosoecids. The number of transverse striations varies from about 5 to about 10. Fine structural studies show that C. vangoorii is bacterivorous but also possesses an apparently typical chrysophyte chloroplast.

Heterochromonas (het-err-ock-row-moan-ass) opaca Skuja, 1948. Cell outline is oval. Cells are about 16 - 18 microns long and somewhat dorso-ventrally flattened, and have an anterior protrusion and a central nucleus. The cells appear to be rigid. The cells have a deep ventral depression and are somewhat warty. Two flagella insert subapically into the depression, the anterior flagellum is about 0.5 times cell length, and the posterior flagellum is slightly longer than the cell and inserts below the anterior flagellum. The cells move by gliding with the anterior flagellum directed forwards and the posterior flagellum trailing.

Heterochromonas opaca Skuja, 1948. Cell outline is oval. Cells are about 16 - 18 microns long and somewhat dorso-ventrally flattened, and have an anterior protrusion and a central nucleus. The cells appear to be rigid. The cells have a deep ventral depression and are somewhat warty. Two flagella insert subapically into the depression, the anterior flagellum is about 0.5 times cell length, and the posterior flagellum is slightly longer than the cell and inserts below the anterior flagellum. The cells move by gliding with the anterior flagellum directed forwards and the posterior flagellum trailing.

Chromulina (crumb-you-line-a) nebulosa, a small chrysophyte (stramenopile) with a single emergent flagellum, and with a golden plastid. Phase contrast microscopy. data on this strain.

Chromulina (crumb-you-line-a) nebulosa, a small chrysophyte (stramenopiles) with a single emergent flagellum. A second short flagellum is visible because cell division is beginning to occur (note the two chloroplasts) and a second flagellum has formed. -Phase contrast microscopy. data on this strain.

Dinobryon (dine-owe-bry-on) is a loricate chrysophyte (stramenopile) flagellate. This image shows a single lorica. Phase contrast.

Dinobryon (dine-owe-bry-on) is a loricate chrysophyte (stramenopile) flagellate. Cells have one long and one short flagellum, and there is an eye-spot at the front end of the plastid. Differential interference contrast.

Dinobryon (dine-owe-bry-on) is a loricate chrysophyte (stramenopile) flagellate. Cells have one long and one short flagellum, and there is an eye-spot at the front end of the plastid. Neck with a number of ridges. Phase contrast.

Dinobryon (dine-owe-bry-on) is a loricate chrysophyte (stramenopile) flagellate. Cells have one long and one short flagellum, and there is an eye-spot at the front end of the plastid. Cells can encyst within the lorica, and form a pored cyst called a stomatocyst, one is visible here. Phase contrast.

Dinobryon (dine-oh-bry-on) a mixotrophic stramenopile (chrysophyte) with one long flagellum and one short flagellum. When feeding heterotrophically, the beating of the long flagellum draws food towards the cell where it may be ingested. The cell also has brownish chloroplasts. It forms a flimsy tubular lorica. Phase contrast microscopy.

Dinobryon (dine-oh-bry-on) a mixotrophic stramenopile (chrysophyte) with one long flagellum and one short flagellum. When feeding heterotrophically, the beating of the long flagellum draws food towards the cell where it may be ingested. The cell also has brownish chloroplasts. It forms a flimsy tubular lorica. Phase contrast microscopy.

Dinobryon (dine-oh-bry-on) a mixotrophic stramenopile (chrysophyte) with one long flagellum and one short flagellum. When feeding heterotrophically, the beating of the long flagellum draws food towards the cell where it may be ingested. The cell also has brownish chloroplasts. It forms a flimsy tubular lorica which is emphasised in this image. Phase contrast microscopy.

Dinobryon (die-know-bry-on) sertularia, a loricate chrysophyte (stramenochrome) alga, the vase-shaped lorica is organic, most species are usually found with the loricae attached to each other to form arborescent colonies. With two flagella, one longer one drawing water towards the cell and a shorter one. With golden plastid. Phase contrast microscopy. data on this strain.

Dinobryon (die-know-bry-on) sertularia, a loricate chrysophyte (stramenochrome) alga, the vase-shaped lorica is organic, most species are usually found with the loricae attached to each other to form arborescent colonies. Differential interference microscopy. data on this strain.

Dinobryon (die-know-bry-on) sertularia, a loricate chrysophyte (stramenochrome) alga, the vase-shaped lorica is organic, most species are usually found with the loricae attached to each other to form arborescent colonies. Phase contrast microscopy. data on this strain.

Dinobryon sertularia.

Colonial chrysophyte flagellate, Dinobryon sertularia (EHRENBERG,1834) . Cells in vase shaped loricae. During division, daughter cells in this species attach to the inner surface of the mother cell lorica, giving rise to typical branching colonies. Loricae are composed of cellulosic microfibrils. Cells with two unequal flagella. Two large chloroplasts. Prominent stigma. Mixotrophic because the cells can phagocytose bacteria as well as carry out photosynthesis. From freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Oblique illumination.

Portrait of Epipyxis utriculus (Ehrenberg 1832) Ehrenberg, 1838. Collected from a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho (43°37'04.05" N;116°11'06.99" W). October 2005.DIC.

Portrait of colonial form of chrysophyte flagellate, Epipyxis. Cells attach to the base of vase-like loricae by protoplasmic threads containing microtubules. Loricae are constructed of overlapping scales. The scales, visible only by electron-microscopy or staining are composed of interwoven microfibrils. Yellow chloroplast with small stigma (not well-seen in this image). Epipyxis is mixotrophic. Phagotrophy involves bacterial capture by the longer of the two flagella and formation of a feeding "basket" by microtubular action at the anterior of the cell. Often epiphytic on filamentous algae as seen here but sometimes free-swimming. From freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Phase contrast.

Epipyxis, a chrysophyte flagellate which may be colonial or solitary as seen in this image. These cells are epiphytic on filamentous algae. There is a yellow chloroplast and small stigma. The stigma is not well seen in this image. Two unequal flagella are present. Cells attach to the base of vase-like loricae by protoplasmic threads containing microtubules. Loricae are constructed of overlapping scales. The scales, visible only by electron-microscopy or staining are composed of interwoven microfibrils. From freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Phase contrast.

Epipyxis (epp-ee-pick-sis) pulchra is a loricate chrysophyte (stramenochrome) alga, in which the organic lorica is formed from scales that are glued together, providing a shingle-like appearance. With two flagella, one longer one drawing water and bacteria towards the cell. The anterior-most refractile regions on all three cells represent the feeding basket of these active phagotrophic cells, and bacteria are ingested with this basket. Cells have a red eyespot (not visible) that is located approximately halfway down the cell when it is actively feeding or near the anterior when the cell is not feeding. Phase contrast microscopy. data on this strain.

Epipyxis (epp-ee-pick-sis) ppulchra is a loricate chrysophyte (stramenochrome) alga alga, in which the organic lorica is formed from scales that are glued together, providing a shingle-like appearance. With two flagella, one longer one drawing water and bacteria towards the cell. The anterior-most refractile regions on all three cells represent the feeding basket of these active phagotrophic cells, and bacteria are ingested with this basket. Cells have a red eyespot (not visible) that is located approximately halfway down the cell when it is actively feeding or near the anterior when the cell is not feeding. Differential interference microscopy. data on this strain.

Paraphysomonas (para-fie-sew-moan-ass) a heterotrophic stramenopile (related to Ochromonas and organisms traditionally referred to as chrysophytes). It is distinguished because the body surface is coated with a fine layer of scales, although in most species (this one is an exception) the scales cannot be seen with the light microscope. There are two flagella, a long one with hairs (the hair are not visible with the light microscope) but which beats with an undulating motion and draws fluid and suspended food particles to the surface of the cell. They are voracious. Phase contrast.