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Funaria hygrometrica, Hedwig, syn.: Funaria sphaerocarpa Mll.Hal.Family: FunariaceaeEN: Common Cord-moss, Bonfire Moss, Funaria Moss DE: Wetteranzeigendes Drehmoos, Echtes DrehmoosSlo.: navadni vlagomerDat.: May 4. 2021Lat.: 46.35938 Long.: 13.69991Code: Bot_1365/2021_DSC2499 Habitat: Abandoned outdoor fire place near a former farmhouse; pasture, now partly overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered trees (Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant); calcareous ground; locally almost flat terrain; warm, sunny, dry place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 615 m (2020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil mixed with residue charcoal.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Soa 48 abandoned cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Funaria hygrometrica is a colonist of bare, disturbed soils; it can be frequently found on abandoned outdoor fireplaces and bonfire sites. It frequently forms extensive carpets, which are rather loose than dense. The species is easy to be recognized if sporophytes (stalks bearing capsules containing spores when ripe) are present and this is very often the case. If the plants are sterile, determination becomes much more difficult. The most characteristic are swan-neck shaped seta (stalks), which are much, much longer than tiny green part of the plant and by delicate, intensely asymmetric calyptra (thin, pointing, 'protecting' shields of the young capsules, which fall of before the capsules become mature). Each capsule stalk is moisture sensitive, curling when dry and unwinding when wet (note the Latin species name 'hygrometrica' measuring air humidity). Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 561. (2) M. Nebel, G. Philippi, eds., Die Mosse Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 1., (2000), Ulmer, p 475. (3) V. Wirth, R. Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 250.
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Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.), syn.: Dicranum glaucum (Hedw.),EN: Pincushion Moss, White Cushion Moss, White Moss, DE: Gemeines WeimoosSlo.: sinje bledi mah, beli mah, beluhDat.: Aug. 18. 2018Lat.: 46.362417 Long.: 13.699617Code: Bot_1152/2018_DSC04803 Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatic and Picea abies dominant trees; at the foot of a mountain; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; mostly in shade; quite humid place; partly protected to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa; below Stemerica place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Leucobryum glaucum is a very beautiful moss. Its distinct, quite large, 'velvety', intensive light green cushions (when moist, otherwise more whitish) are almost impossible to miss. Sometimes the cushions are in the form of more or less confluent shallow cushions, sometimes in the form of standalone, perfectly round half-domes. There exists a very similar species - Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Mll. Hal. and confusion is not impossible. It is smaller (its English common name is 'Smaller White Moss' (Ref.5)) than Leucobryum glaucum. The best and most constant difference between both species are differently shaped sporophytes. Unfortunately, they are very, very rare nowadays. I haven't seen them yet. Sterile specimens are obviously more difficult to be recognized. Nevertheless, the cushions of Leucobryum glaucum are usually significantly larger and thicker than of Leucobryum juniperoideum (Ref:2, Ref:6). The cushions found in this observation were much larger (up to 50 x 45 cm and almost 30 cm thick) than what is assumed to be characteristic for Leucobryum juniperoideum (up to 6 cm in diameter (Ref:2)). Quite moist soil in a mixed forest of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica is also much more characteristic habitat for Leucobryum glaucum (Ref:6) than for Leucobryum juniperoideum, which grows mostly on non-basic rocks (Ref:.2). In addition, Leucobryum juniperoideum is listed in Slovenian Red list of Bryophytes and considered a rare species (marked by R). So, I believe Leucobryum glaucum is correct determination.Ref.:(1 ) I. Atherton, S. Bosanquet, M. Lawley, eds., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, British Bryological Society, (2010), p 403.(2) M. Nebel, G.Philippi, eds., Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol: 1. (2000), p 131.(3) V.Wirth, R.Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p 237.(4)
www.illinoiswildflowers.info/mosses/plants/pincushion.html (accessed Sept.1. 2018)(5)
species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000310177 (accessed Sept.1. 2018)(6) J.P. Frahm, Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) C.Mll. in North America, Archive for bryology, 84 (2011); available at:
publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/y... (accessed Sept.1. 2018)(7)
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/jbr.1972.7.1.1 (accessed Sept.1. 2018)
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Victoria, Australia
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Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.Family: DitrichaceaeEN: Redshank, Fire Moss, Purple Horn Toothed Moss, DE: Purpurstieliges HornzahnmossSlo.: krlatni rogatecIn fairly moist state.Dat.: Nov. 17. 2021Lat.: 46.360133 Long.: 13.69954Code: Bot_1418/2021_DSC1418.Habitat: Abandoned alpine pasture; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground with very thin soil layer; open, dry, sunny place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: gravelly and sandy soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, Na Melu place, near the abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Trenta 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (pertains to the pictures of the Flicker album Ceratodon purpureus): Ceratodon purpureus is a very common moss and a true cosmopolitan species. It is found worldwide. It loves dry, low competition and high light places, but inhabits also many different, natural and man-made substrates, some of them quite exotic like old skulls of animals and old boots. Ceratodon purpureus is able to tolerate much higher pollution levels than most other mosses. It is very variable, particularly in color. However, red color is most often dominant (see pictures 4. and 7.) except when it is very moist and without red setae. Then it is vividly green (see pictures 8. and 10.). It is about 3 cm high and usually abundantly fertile. One can recognize it by narrowly triangular leaves, which have strongly recurved margins almost from the base to the tip and a strong nerve extending just to the tip of the leaf. The leaf cells are nearly square. The setae are red and the capsules are strongly furrowed when dry (see picture 5b.). Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, R.Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p 234.(2) I. Atherton, S. Bosanquet, M. Lawley, eds., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, British Bryological Society, (2010), p 354(3) M. Nebel, G.Philippi, eds., Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol: 1. (2000), p 199.(4) M. Lth, Mosses of Europe A Photographic Flora. ML Publ., Vol.2., Freiburg, Germany (2019), p 365.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.), syn.: Dicranum glaucum (Hedw.),EN: Pincushion Moss, White Cushion Moss, White Moss, DE: Gemeines WeimoosSlo.: sinje bledi mah, beli mah, beluhDat.: Aug. 18. 2018Lat.: 46.362417 Long.: 13.699617Code: Bot_1152/2018_DSC04803 Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatic and Picea abies dominant trees; at the foot of a mountain; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; mostly in shade; quite humid place; partly protected to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa; below Stemerica place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Leucobryum glaucum is a very beautiful moss. Its distinct, quite large, 'velvety', intensive light green cushions (when moist, otherwise more whitish) are almost impossible to miss. Sometimes the cushions are in the form of more or less confluent shallow cushions, sometimes in the form of standalone, perfectly round half-domes. There exists a very similar species - Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Mll. Hal. and confusion is not impossible. It is smaller (its English common name is 'Smaller White Moss' (Ref.5)) than Leucobryum glaucum. The best and most constant difference between both species are differently shaped sporophytes. Unfortunately, they are very, very rare nowadays. I haven't seen them yet. Sterile specimens are obviously more difficult to be recognized. Nevertheless, the cushions of Leucobryum glaucum are usually significantly larger and thicker than of Leucobryum juniperoideum (Ref:2, Ref:6). The cushions found in this observation were much larger (up to 50 x 45 cm and almost 30 cm thick) than what is assumed to be characteristic for Leucobryum juniperoideum (up to 6 cm in diameter (Ref:2)). Quite moist soil in a mixed forest of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica is also much more characteristic habitat for Leucobryum glaucum (Ref:6) than for Leucobryum juniperoideum, which grows mostly on non-basic rocks (Ref:.2). In addition, Leucobryum juniperoideum is listed in Slovenian Red list of Bryophytes and considered a rare species (marked by R). So, I believe Leucobryum glaucum is correct determination.Ref.:(1 ) I. Atherton, S. Bosanquet, M. Lawley, eds., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, British Bryological Society, (2010), p 403.(2) M. Nebel, G.Philippi, eds., Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol: 1. (2000), p 131.(3) V.Wirth, R.Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p 237.(4)
www.illinoiswildflowers.info/mosses/plants/pincushion.html (accessed Sept.1. 2018)(5)
species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000310177 (accessed Sept.1. 2018)(6) J.P. Frahm, Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) C.Mll. in North America, Archive for bryology, 84 (2011); available at:
publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/y... (accessed Sept.1. 2018)(7)
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/jbr.1972.7.1.1 (accessed Sept.1. 2018)
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Tasmania, Australia
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Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.Family: DitrichaceaeEN: Redshank, Fire Moss, Purple Horn Toothed Moss, DE: Purpurstieliges HornzahnmossSlo.: krlatni rogatecIn fairly dry state and fertile.Dat.: June 8. Lat.: 46.360133 Long.: 13.69954Code: Bot_1380/2021_DSC3520 Habitat: Abandoned alpine pasture; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground with very thin soil layer; open, dry, sunny place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: gravelly and sandy soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, Na Melu place, near the abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Trenta 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (pertains to the pictures of the Flicker album Ceratodon purpureus): Ceratodon purpureus is a very common moss and a true cosmopolitan species. It is found worldwide. It loves dry, low competition and high light places, but inhabits also many different, natural and man-made substrates, some of them quite exotic like old skulls of animals and old boots. Ceratodon purpureus is able to tolerate much higher pollution levels than most other mosses. It is very variable, particularly in color. However, red color is most often dominant (see pictures 4. and 7.) except when it is very moist and without red setae. Then it is vividly green (see pictures 8. and 10.). It is about 3 cm high and usually abundantly fertile. One can recognize it by narrowly triangular leaves, which have strongly recurved margins almost from the base to the tip and a strong nerve extending just to the tip of the leaf. The leaf cells are nearly square. The setae are red and the capsules are strongly furrowed when dry (see picture 5b.). Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, R.Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p 234.(2) I. Atherton, S. Bosanquet, M. Lawley, eds., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, British Bryological Society, (2010), p 354(3) M. Nebel, G.Philippi, eds., Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol: 1. (2000), p 199.(4) M. Lth, Mosses of Europe A Photographic Flora. ML Publ., Vol.2., Freiburg, Germany (2019), p 365.
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Lazio, Italy
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Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.Family: DitrichaceaeEN: Redshank, Fire Moss, Purple Horn Toothed Moss, DE: Purpurstieliges HornzahnmossSlo.: krlatni rogatecIn fairly dry state and fertile.Dat.: June 8. Lat.: 46.360133 Long.: 13.69954Code: Bot_1380/2021_DSC3520 Habitat: Abandoned alpine pasture; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground with very thin soil layer; open, dry, sunny place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: gravelly and sandy soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, Na Melu place, near the abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Trenta 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (pertains to the pictures of the Flicker album Ceratodon purpureus): Ceratodon purpureus is a very common moss and a true cosmopolitan species. It is found worldwide. It loves dry, low competition and high light places, but inhabits also many different, natural and man-made substrates, some of them quite exotic like old skulls of animals and old boots. Ceratodon purpureus is able to tolerate much higher pollution levels than most other mosses. It is very variable, particularly in color. However, red color is most often dominant (see pictures 4. and 7.) except when it is very moist and without red setae. Then it is vividly green (see pictures 8. and 10.). It is about 3 cm high and usually abundantly fertile. One can recognize it by narrowly triangular leaves, which have strongly recurved margins almost from the base to the tip and a strong nerve extending just to the tip of the leaf. The leaf cells are nearly square. The setae are red and the capsules are strongly furrowed when dry (see picture 5b.). Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, R.Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p 234.(2) I. Atherton, S. Bosanquet, M. Lawley, eds., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, British Bryological Society, (2010), p 354(3) M. Nebel, G.Philippi, eds., Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol: 1. (2000), p 199.(4) M. Lth, Mosses of Europe A Photographic Flora. ML Publ., Vol.2., Freiburg, Germany (2019), p 365.
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Funaria hygrometrica, Hedwig, syn.: Funaria sphaerocarpa Mll.Hal.Family: FunariaceaeEN: Common Cord-moss, Bonfire Moss, Funaria Moss DE: Wetteranzeigendes Drehmoos, Echtes DrehmoosSlo.: navadni vlagomerDat.: May 4. 2021Lat.: 46.35938 Long.: 13.69991Code: Bot_1365/2021_DSC2499 Habitat: Abandoned outdoor fire place near a former farmhouse; pasture, now partly overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered trees (Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant); calcareous ground; locally almost flat terrain; warm, sunny, dry place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 615 m (2020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil mixed with residue charcoal.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Soa 48 abandoned cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Funaria hygrometrica is a colonist of bare, disturbed soils; it can be frequently found on abandoned outdoor fireplaces and bonfire sites. It frequently forms extensive carpets, which are rather loose than dense. The species is easy to be recognized if sporophytes (stalks bearing capsules containing spores when ripe) are present and this is very often the case. If the plants are sterile, determination becomes much more difficult. The most characteristic are swan-neck shaped seta (stalks), which are much, much longer than tiny green part of the plant and by delicate, intensely asymmetric calyptra (thin, pointing, 'protecting' shields of the young capsules, which fall of before the capsules become mature). Each capsule stalk is moisture sensitive, curling when dry and unwinding when wet (note the Latin species name 'hygrometrica' measuring air humidity). Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 561. (2) M. Nebel, G. Philippi, eds., Die Mosse Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 1., (2000), Ulmer, p 475. (3) V. Wirth, R. Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 250.
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Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.Family: DitrichaceaeEN: Redshank, Fire Moss, Purple Horn Toothed Moss, DE: Purpurstieliges HornzahnmossSlo.: krlatni rogatecIn fairly dry state and fertile.Dat.: June 8. Lat.: 46.360133 Long.: 13.69954Code: Bot_1380/2021_DSC3520 Habitat: Abandoned alpine pasture; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground with very thin soil layer; open, dry, sunny place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: gravelly and sandy soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, Na Melu place, near the abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Trenta 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (pertains to the pictures of the Flicker album Ceratodon purpureus): Ceratodon purpureus is a very common moss and a true cosmopolitan species. It is found worldwide. It loves dry, low competition and high light places, but inhabits also many different, natural and man-made substrates, some of them quite exotic like old skulls of animals and old boots. Ceratodon purpureus is able to tolerate much higher pollution levels than most other mosses. It is very variable, particularly in color. However, red color is most often dominant (see pictures 4. and 7.) except when it is very moist and without red setae. Then it is vividly green (see pictures 8. and 10.). It is about 3 cm high and usually abundantly fertile. One can recognize it by narrowly triangular leaves, which have strongly recurved margins almost from the base to the tip and a strong nerve extending just to the tip of the leaf. The leaf cells are nearly square. The setae are red and the capsules are strongly furrowed when dry (see picture 5b.). Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, R.Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p 234.(2) I. Atherton, S. Bosanquet, M. Lawley, eds., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, British Bryological Society, (2010), p 354(3) M. Nebel, G.Philippi, eds., Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol: 1. (2000), p 199.(4) M. Lth, Mosses of Europe A Photographic Flora. ML Publ., Vol.2., Freiburg, Germany (2019), p 365.
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Paluma, Queensland, Australia
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Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.Family: DitrichaceaeEN: Redshank, Fire Moss, Purple Horn Toothed Moss, DE: Purpurstieliges HornzahnmossSlo.: krlatni rogatecIn fairly dry state and fertile.Dat.: June 8. Lat.: 46.360133 Long.: 13.69954Code: Bot_1380/2021_DSC3520 Habitat: Abandoned alpine pasture; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground with very thin soil layer; open, dry, sunny place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: gravelly and sandy soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, Na Melu place, near the abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Trenta 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (pertains to the pictures of the Flicker album Ceratodon purpureus): Ceratodon purpureus is a very common moss and a true cosmopolitan species. It is found worldwide. It loves dry, low competition and high light places, but inhabits also many different, natural and man-made substrates, some of them quite exotic like old skulls of animals and old boots. Ceratodon purpureus is able to tolerate much higher pollution levels than most other mosses. It is very variable, particularly in color. However, red color is most often dominant (see pictures 4. and 7.) except when it is very moist and without red setae. Then it is vividly green (see pictures 8. and 10.). It is about 3 cm high and usually abundantly fertile. One can recognize it by narrowly triangular leaves, which have strongly recurved margins almost from the base to the tip and a strong nerve extending just to the tip of the leaf. The leaf cells are nearly square. The setae are red and the capsules are strongly furrowed when dry (see picture 5b.). Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, R.Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p 234.(2) I. Atherton, S. Bosanquet, M. Lawley, eds., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, British Bryological Society, (2010), p 354(3) M. Nebel, G.Philippi, eds., Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol: 1. (2000), p 199.(4) M. Lth, Mosses of Europe A Photographic Flora. ML Publ., Vol.2., Freiburg, Germany (2019), p 365.