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Victoria, Australia
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Tully, Queensland, Australia
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Encalypta vulgaris Hedw. This is the form that was at one time recognized as E. vulgaris var. mutica differentiated mainly on the basis of obtuse to broadly rounded leaves. Lacks a peristome. The base of the reddish brown calyptra is not fringed and is papillose (as here) or smooth. Usually grows in rock crevices. April 3, 2013, Salt Lake County, Utah, approx. 4,880 ft. elev, growing on Tintic Quartzite.
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Dalrymple Creek, Queensland, Australia
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Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr., syn.: Tortula tortuosa Hedw., Barbula tortuosa (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr, Tortella bambergeri auct., Barbula brotheri (Lindb. ex Broth.) ParisFamily: PottiaceaeEN: Frizzled Crisp-moss, Tortured tortella moss, DE: Gekruseltes Spiralzahnmoos, Echtes Kruselmoos, Gewelltes SpiralzahnmoosSlo.: valovita zvitkaDat.: April 23. 2021Lat.: 46.35910 Long.: 13.70411Code: Bot_1361/2021_2158 Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground with scattered rocks and large boulders; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Half buried calcareous rock.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, between villages Soa and Trenta; Matev's gorge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments (pertain to pictures in Flicker album Tortella tortuosa): The rounded, dense, when moist vividly yellowish-green, cushions or mats of Tortella tortuosa are beautiful and easy to recognize. The species is widespread and in many places common. It is a Boreo-temperate circumpolar element (growing all around the north hemisphere in forests with moderate to cold climate). Its leaves are extremely tortured and look like 'interwoven'. In the Alps the moss can be found from colline to nival elevations but it is most common in montane and alpine zones. Capsules are relatively seldom reported.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 428. (2) V. Wirth, R. Dell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 239.(3) V. Wirth, Die Mooose Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (2000), p 369.(4)
bryophyteportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?tid=161155# (accessed Dec. 1. 2021)(5) Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2005 onwards. The moss families (Bryophyta, Musci) of Britain and Ireland. Version: 5th August 2019, delta-intkey.com (accessed Dec. 1. 2021)(6) M. Luth, Mosses of Europe A Photographic Flora. ML Publ., Freiburg, Germany (2019), p 551.
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Bere Regis, England, United Kingdom
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Paluma, Queensland, Australia
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Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr., syn: Amblystegium solitarium H.A. Mller, Calliergon solitarium (H.A. Mller) Broth., Climacium epigaeum Stirt., Climacium europaeanum P. Beauv., Leskea dendroides Hedw.Family: ClimaciaceaeEN: Tree-moss, DE: Bumchenartiges LeitermoosSlo.: krlatni rogatecDat.: April 12. 2021Lat.: 46.35962 Long.: 13.70501Code: Bot_ 1358/2021_DSC6710Habitat: Light wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant tree; slightly incline mountain slope. east aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; mostly in shade; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 550 m (1.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil and rock.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2 abandoned farm house Skokar, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (applies to Flicks album Climacium dendroides): Climacium dendroidesis common, quite large and easy to recognize moss. Many individual shots, often in large patches, grow from a hidden, prostrate, ground appressed, rhizome-like primary stems. The shots are 2 to 4 cm tall and look like a miniature trees or palms, most distinctly when growing on humid places. The moss is a dioecious (having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals) plant. Capsules appear rather rarely.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 674. (2) V. Wirth, R. Dell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 266.(3) V. Wirth, Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (2001), p 219.(4) Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2005 onwards. The moss families (Bryophyta, Musci) of Britain and Ireland. Version: 5th August 2019. delta-intkey.com.(5) M. Luth, Mosses of Europe A Photographic Flora. ML Publ., Freiburg, Germany (2019), p 1026.
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California, United States
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Photographed on a rock in woodland in Boggs Mountain State Forest, Lake County, California, on March 28th 2012. Image I12-9881.
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Lake St Clair, Tasmania, Australia
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Helsinki, Newland, Finland
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Derwent Bridge, Tasmania, Australia
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Tasmania, Australia
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Sodankyla, Lapland, Finland
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Blue Hills, Queensland, Australia
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Single plant on old wood in forest, Montgomery Redwoods State Park, Mendocino County, California, March 24th 2002. Scanned Slide 038-002
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Briantspuddle, England, United Kingdom
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Colossal Cave State Park. March 6, 2010. Arizona, USA
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Ingliston, Victoria, Australia
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Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb., syn.: Rhodobryum spathulatum (Hornsch.) PoesEN: Rose-moss, DE: Rosenmoss, Ontario-Rosenmoos, Slo.: ?Dat.: Nov. 9. 2018Lat.: 46,358914 Long.: 13,699772Code: Bot_1162/2018_DSC3920Habitat: Light mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; relatively dry and warm place; in half shade; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: thin soil layer on calcareous rock.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Strgulc abandoned farm house to Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Rhodobryum ontariense is a very beautiful and quite distinct moss. Its relatively large, terminal 'rosettes' of leaves (more than 1 cm in diameter), which develop on top of short steams resemble green roses (see its names). To recognize genus is not difficult, however, on species level there exist two of them, which are very similar - Rhodobryum ontariense first described in America at the end of 19th century and Rhodobryum roseum first described in Europe approximately at the same time. Later both names have long been considered as synonyms. Rhodobryum roseum has been commonly thought to be a species widely distributed in the temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere including Europe, North America, and some areas in Asia. Only in 1972 a thorough revision of the genus (Ref.: 7) separated them again into two species. Rhodobryum ontariense can be distinguished from Rhodobryum roseum by its smaller size (Rhodobryum ontariense is 2 - 3 cm tall and Rhodobryum roseum 5-6(10) cm (Ref.: 3)). The measured height of this find was from 1.5 to 2 cm. The number of leaves in the rosette is another distinguishing trait. Rhodobryum ontariense has 18 -52 leaves in each and Rhodobryum roseum from 16 to 21 leaves. In this find rosettes with more than 40 leaves were frequent. Also preferred substratum and habitat differ. Rhodobryum ontariense prefers dryer places and grows predominantly on calcareous rocks, while Rhodobryum roseum prefers moister places and is found mostly on soil (Ref.: 3). All this speaks in favor of Rhodobryum ontariense. Sporocarps are not distinctive and they anyhow develop very rarely. I haven't seen them yet.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p 255.(2) I. Atherton, S. Bosanquet, M. Lawley, eds., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, British Bryological Society, (2010), p 600(3) M. Nebel, G.P hilippi, eds., Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Vol: 2. (2001), p 103.(4) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Niedere Pflanzen, Band 1, 3.Aufl., Spectrum Akademischer Verlag (2005), p 743.(5)
ohiomosslichen.org/moss-rhodobryum-ontariense/ (accessed Nov. 13. 2018)(6) Z. Iwatsuki and T. Koponen, On the taxonomy and distribution of Rhodobryum roseum and its related species (Bryophyta), Acta Botanica Fennica 96 (1972); accessible at:
scholar.google.si/scholar?q=Iwatsuki+1972+Rhodobryum&... (accessed Nov. 13. 2018)
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Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.Family: DitrichaceaeEN: Redshank, Fire Moss, Purple Horn Toothed Moss, DE: Purpurstieliges HornzahnmossSlo.: krlatni rogatecIn fairly moist state.Dat.: Nov. 17. 2021Lat.: 46.360133 Long.: 13.69954Code: Bot_1418/2021_DSC1418.Habitat: Abandoned alpine pasture; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground with very thin soil layer; open, dry, sunny place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: gravelly and sandy soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, Na Melu place, near the abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Trenta 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (pertains to the pictures of the Flicker album Ceratodon purpureus): Ceratodon purpureus is a very common moss and a true cosmopolitan species. It is found worldwide. It loves dry, low competition and high light places, but inhabits also many different, natural and man-made substrates, some of them quite exotic like old skulls of animals and old boots. Ceratodon purpureus is able to tolerate much higher pollution levels than most other mosses. It is very variable, particularly in color. However, red color is most often dominant (see pictures 4. and 7.) except when it is very moist and without red setae. Then it is vividly green (see pictures 8. and 10.). It is about 3 cm high and usually abundantly fertile. One can recognize it by narrowly triangular leaves, which have strongly recurved margins almost from the base to the tip and a strong nerve extending just to the tip of the leaf. The leaf cells are nearly square. The setae are red and the capsules are strongly furrowed when dry (see picture 5b.). Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, R.Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p 234.(2) I. Atherton, S. Bosanquet, M. Lawley, eds., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, British Bryological Society, (2010), p 354(3) M. Nebel, G.Philippi, eds., Die Moose Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol: 1. (2000), p 199.(4) M. Lth, Mosses of Europe A Photographic Flora. ML Publ., Vol.2., Freiburg, Germany (2019), p 365.
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