Primrose Family

Klea lau lii Primulaceae (Primrose family)Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Oahu, Molokai, Lnai, Maui, Hawaii)Oahu (Cultivated)Closeup of foliagewww.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/4831985063/in/photostream/Early Hawaiians use the bark, leaves, and flowers of klea (Mysine spp.) medicinally to treat paoao (childhood disease, with physical weakening) and ea (thrush).EtymologyThe generic name Myrsine is comes from the ancient Greek pharmacologist and botanist Pedanius Dioscorides (c.40-90 CE) name for the myrtle, which did not refer to these plants.The specific epithet sandwicensis refers to the "Sandwich Islands," as the Hawaiian Islands were once called, and named by James Cook on one of his voyages in the 1770's. James Cook named the islands after John Montagu (The fourth Earl of Sandwich) for supporting Cook's voyages.NPH00003nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Myrsine_sandwicensis

Klea lau lii Primulaceae (Primrose family)Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Oahu, Molokai, Lnai, Maui, Hawaii)Kaala Natural Area Reserve, OahuEarly Hawaiians used the bark, leaves, and flowers of klea (Mysine spp.) medicinally to treat paoao (childhood disease, with physical weakening) and ea (thrush).Additionally, they used the wood was in making gunwales for canoes (waa) and the bright yellow, purple and red liko (new leaves) were used for lei.EtymologyThe generic name Myrsine is comes from the ancient Greek pharmacologist and botanist Pedanius Dioscorides (c.40-90 CE) name for the myrtle, which did not refer to these plants.The specific epithet sandwicensis refers to the "Sandwich Islands," as the Hawaiian Islands were once called, and named by James Cook on one of his voyages in the 1770's. James Cook named the islands after John Montagu (The fourth Earl of Sandwich) for supporting Cook's voyages.nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Myrsine_sandwicensis

Klea lau lii Primulaceae (Primrose family)Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Oahu, Molokai, Lnai, Maui, Hawaii)Oahu (Cultivated)Habitwww.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/4831984383/in/photostream/Early Hawaiians use the bark, leaves, and flowers of klea (Mysine spp.) medicinally to treat paoao (childhood disease, with physical weakening) and ea (thrush).EtymologyThe generic name Myrsine is comes from the ancient Greek pharmacologist and botanist Pedanius Dioscorides (c.40-90 CE) name for the myrtle, which did not refer to these plants.The specific epithet sandwicensis refers to the "Sandwich Islands," as the Hawaiian Islands were once called, and named by James Cook on one of his voyages in the 1770's. James Cook named the islands after John Montagu (The fourth Earl of Sandwich) for supporting Cook's voyages.NPH00002nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Myrsine_sandwicensis

Klea lau lii Primulaceae (Primrose family)Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Oahu, Molokai, Lnai, Maui Hawaii Island)Palikea, OahuEarly Hawaiians used the bark, leaves, and flowers of klea (Mysine spp.) medicinally to treat paoao (childhood disease, with physical weakening) and ea (thrush).EtymologyThe generic name Myrsine is comes from the ancient Greek pharmacologist and botanist Pedanius Dioscorides (c.40-90 CE) name for the myrtle, which did not refer to these plants.The species name sandwicensis refers to the "Sandwich Islands," as the Hawaiian Islands were once called, and named by James Cook on one of his voyages in the 1770's. James Cook named the islands after John Montagu (The fourth Earl of Sandwich) for supporting Cook's voyages.

Klea lau lii Primulaceae (Primrose family)Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Oahu, Molokai, Lnai, Maui, Hawaii)Oahu (Cultivated)Early Hawaiians use the bark, leaves, and flowers of klea (Mysine spp.) medicinally to treat paoao (childhood disease, with physical weakening) and ea (thrush).EtymologyThe generic name Myrsine is comes from the ancient Greek pharmacologist and botanist Pedanius Dioscorides (c.40-90 CE) name for the myrtle, which did not refer to these plants.The specific epithet sandwicensis refers to the "Sandwich Islands," as the Hawaiian Islands were once called, and named by James Cook on one of his voyages in the 1770's. James Cook named the islands after John Montagu (The fourth Earl of Sandwich) for supporting Cook's voyages.NPH00004nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Myrsine_sandwicensis

2010.04.25 Austria, Lower Austria, district Lilienfeld, on the dryer patches of a basically wet limestone cliff (near Fensterbach in Halbachtal 580 m AMSL).Flowering from april till june.Rare.German name: Aurikel, PetergstammID: Fischer, Exkursionsflora (2008 3rd)

2010.04.25 Austria, Lower Austria, district Lilienfeld, dryer patches of basically wet limestone cliff (near Fensterbach in Halbachtal 580 m AMSL).Flowering from april till june.Rare.German name: Wimper-Aurikel, PetergstammID: Fischer & al., Exkursionsflora (2008 3rd); the authors mention that a re-organisation of the taxonomy of this species group has been tried recently but that it lacks systematically, thus they prefer to stick to the traditional (even though not perfect either) distinction of 2 sub-species, ssp. auricula and ssp. balbisii; this plant here definitely belongs to the latter

2010.04.25 Austria, Lower Austria, district Lilienfeld, dryer patches of basically wet limestone cliff (near Fensterbach in Halbachtal 580 m AMSL).Leaves.Rare.German name: Wimper-Aurikel, PetergstammID: Fischer, Exkursionsflora (2008 3rd)

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Vascular Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Ricasweetgum.nybg.org/osa/index.phpLos Charcos de Osawww.osaresearch.org/RA#14969

Primula x polyantha = Primula veris x Primula vulgaris Miller, syn.: Primula x variabilis GoupilFalse OxlipSlo.: krianec med trobentico in pomladanskim jegliem Dat.: April 16. 2014Lat.: 45.63297 Long.: 14.22877Code: Bot_791/2014_DSC0412 Habitat: light wood and among bushes, modestly east inclined hill slope, calcareous ground, dry place, mostly in shade (when tree foliage present), partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations 1.800 - 2.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 580 m (1.900 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Near village Zagorje, west of the road Pivka - Kneak, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Species of genus Primula frequently form hybrids and extensive observations on hybridization in the wild have been carried out. Where four or five different species grow in the same region tens of differently looking hybrids can occur. Distinguishing between them with certainty requires a detailed knowledge of individual traits of all possibly involved species and hence usually overburdens amateurs' knowledge. Where only two Primula species grow in the same region the determination is much easier, since only one hybrid is possible, although it may still look quite differently depending on the characteristics taken from each of both parents. Fortunately, this was the case where I photographed pictures shown. Primula x polyantha is a natural hybrid between Primula vulgaris (Primrose) and Primula veris ssp. veris (Cowslip). Along with Primula elatior (Oxlip) they are probably the most common, popular and very well known wild primulas. In the region of town Pivka, where the pictures have been taken, both are known (and only these two!). Hybrid is fertile and an important starting point for further artificial hybridization for horticultural purposes. Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar (www.orhideje.si/) and Mr. Sidney J. Clarke, FRPS, Scotland. (2) G.F. Smith, B. Burrow and D.B. Lowe, Primulas of Europe and America, Alpine Garden Society (1987), p 243.(3) J. Richards, Primula, B.T. Batsfors Ltd, London (1993), p 102 and 104.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 674.

Primula x polyantha = Primula veris x Primula vulgaris Miller, syn.: Primula x variabilis GoupilFalse OxlipSlo.: krianec med trobentico in pomladanskim jegliem Dat.: April 16. 2014Lat.: 45.63297 Long.: 14.22877Code: Bot_791/2014_DSC0412 Habitat: light wood and among bushes, modestly east inclined hill slope, calcareous ground, dry place, mostly in shade (when tree foliage present), partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations 1.800 - 2.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 580 m (1.900 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Near village Zagorje, west of the road Pivka - Kneak, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Species of genus Primula frequently form hybrids and extensive observations on hybridization in the wild have been carried out. Where four or five different species grow in the same region tens of differently looking hybrids can occur. Distinguishing between them with certainty requires a detailed knowledge of individual traits of all possibly involved species and hence usually overburdens amateurs' knowledge. Where only two Primula species grow in the same region the determination is much easier, since only one hybrid is possible, although it may still look quite differently depending on the characteristics taken from each of both parents. Fortunately, this was the case where I photographed pictures shown. Primula x polyantha is a natural hybrid between Primula vulgaris (Primrose) and Primula veris ssp. veris (Cowslip). Along with Primula elatior (Oxlip) they are probably the most common, popular and very well known wild primulas. In the region of town Pivka, where the pictures have been taken, both are known (and only these two!). Hybrid is fertile and an important starting point for further artificial hybridization for horticultural purposes. Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar (www.orhideje.si/) and Mr. Sidney J. Clarke, FRPS, Scotland. (2) G.F. Smith, B. Burrow and D.B. Lowe, Primulas of Europe and America, Alpine Garden Society (1987), p 243.(3) J. Richards, Primula, B.T. Batsfors Ltd, London (1993), p 102 and 104.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 674.

Primula x polyantha = Primula veris x Primula vulgaris Miller, syn.: Primula x variabilis GoupilFalse OxlipSlo.: krianec med trobentico in pomladanskim jegliem Dat.: April 16. 2014Lat.: 45.63297 Long.: 14.22877Code: Bot_791/2014_DSC0412 Habitat: light wood and among bushes, modestly east inclined hill slope, calcareous ground, dry place, mostly in shade (when tree foliage present), partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations 1.800 - 2.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 580 m (1.900 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Near village Zagorje, west of the road Pivka - Kneak, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Species of genus Primula frequently form hybrids and extensive observations on hybridization in the wild have been carried out. Where four or five different species grow in the same region tens of differently looking hybrids can occur. Distinguishing between them with certainty requires a detailed knowledge of individual traits of all possibly involved species and hence usually overburdens amateurs' knowledge. Where only two Primula species grow in the same region the determination is much easier, since only one hybrid is possible, although it may still look quite differently depending on the characteristics taken from each of both parents. Fortunately, this was the case where I photographed pictures shown. Primula x polyantha is a natural hybrid between Primula vulgaris (Primrose) and Primula veris ssp. veris (Cowslip). Along with Primula elatior (Oxlip) they are probably the most common, popular and very well known wild primulas. In the region of town Pivka, where the pictures have been taken, both are known (and only these two!). Hybrid is fertile and an important starting point for further artificial hybridization for horticultural purposes. Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar (www.orhideje.si/) and Mr. Sidney J. Clarke, FRPS, Scotland. (2) G.F. Smith, B. Burrow and D.B. Lowe, Primulas of Europe and America, Alpine Garden Society (1987), p 243.(3) J. Richards, Primula, B.T. Batsfors Ltd, London (1993), p 102 and 104.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 674.

Primula x polyantha = Primula veris x Primula vulgaris Miller, syn.: Primula x variabilis GoupilFalse OxlipSlo.: krianec med trobentico in pomladanskim jegliem Dat.: April 16. 2014Lat.: 45.63297 Long.: 14.22877Code: Bot_791/2014_DSC0412 Habitat: light wood and among bushes, modestly east inclined hill slope, calcareous ground, dry place, mostly in shade (when tree foliage present), partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations 1.800 - 2.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 580 m (1.900 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Near village Zagorje, west of the road Pivka - Kneak, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Species of genus Primula frequently form hybrids and extensive observations on hybridization in the wild have been carried out. Where four or five different species grow in the same region tens of differently looking hybrids can occur. Distinguishing between them with certainty requires a detailed knowledge of individual traits of all possibly involved species and hence usually overburdens amateurs' knowledge. Where only two Primula species grow in the same region the determination is much easier, since only one hybrid is possible, although it may still look quite differently depending on the characteristics taken from each of both parents. Fortunately, this was the case where I photographed pictures shown. Primula x polyantha is a natural hybrid between Primula vulgaris (Primrose) and Primula veris ssp. veris (Cowslip). Along with Primula elatior (Oxlip) they are probably the most common, popular and very well known wild primulas. In the region of town Pivka, where the pictures have been taken, both are known (and only these two!). Hybrid is fertile and an important starting point for further artificial hybridization for horticultural purposes. Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar (www.orhideje.si/) and Mr. Sidney J. Clarke, FRPS, Scotland. (2) G.F. Smith, B. Burrow and D.B. Lowe, Primulas of Europe and America, Alpine Garden Society (1987), p 243.(3) J. Richards, Primula, B.T. Batsfors Ltd, London (1993), p 102 and 104.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 674.

Primula x polyantha = Primula veris x Primula vulgaris Miller, syn.: Primula x variabilis GoupilFalse OxlipSlo.: krianec med trobentico in pomladanskim jegliem Dat.: April 16. 2014Lat.: 45.63297 Long.: 14.22877Code: Bot_791/2014_DSC0412 Habitat: light wood and among bushes, modestly east inclined hill slope, calcareous ground, dry place, mostly in shade (when tree foliage present), partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations 1.800 - 2.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 580 m (1.900 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Near village Zagorje, west of the road Pivka - Kneak, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Species of genus Primula frequently form hybrids and extensive observations on hybridization in the wild have been carried out. Where four or five different species grow in the same region tens of differently looking hybrids can occur. Distinguishing between them with certainty requires a detailed knowledge of individual traits of all possibly involved species and hence usually overburdens amateurs' knowledge. Where only two Primula species grow in the same region the determination is much easier, since only one hybrid is possible, although it may still look quite differently depending on the characteristics taken from each of both parents. Fortunately, this was the case where I photographed pictures shown. Primula x polyantha is a natural hybrid between Primula vulgaris (Primrose) and Primula veris ssp. veris (Cowslip). Along with Primula elatior (Oxlip) they are probably the most common, popular and very well known wild primulas. In the region of town Pivka, where the pictures have been taken, both are known (and only these two!). Hybrid is fertile and an important starting point for further artificial hybridization for horticultural purposes. Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar (www.orhideje.si/) and Mr. Sidney J. Clarke, FRPS, Scotland. (2) G.F. Smith, B. Burrow and D.B. Lowe, Primulas of Europe and America, Alpine Garden Society (1987), p 243.(3) J. Richards, Primula, B.T. Batsfors Ltd, London (1993), p 102 and 104.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 674.