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Trophic Strategy

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Inhabits coastal areas and mangrove-lined lagoons. Enters freshwater. Feeds mainly on small fishes.
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Recorder
Drina Sta. Iglesia
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Morphology

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Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 17; Analsoft rays: 16 - 20
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Grace Tolentino Pablico
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Diagnostic Description

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Black pigment behind eye, not extending below level of middle of eye (Ref. 26938).
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Grace Tolentino Pablico
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Life Cycle

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Oviparous (Ref. 205).
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Susan M. Luna
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Biology

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Inhabits coastal areas and mangrove-lined lagoons. Enters freshwater. Feeds mainly on small fishes. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Only the right gonad is developed (Ref. 26938). Marketed fresh.
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Rainer Froese
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Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family
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Strongylura marina

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The Atlantic needlefish (Strongylura marina) is a common demersal needlefish species common in marinas and other areas with minimal currents. Its extremely long jaw and body set this fish apart from other predators. Atlantic needlefish are found from Maine to Brazil and have been known to venture into fresh water for short periods.

Geographic range

S. marina is found along western Atlantic coastal waters from Maine to southern Brazil, including areas along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean.[3][4] Atlantic needlefish are not restricted to ocean waters; they can be found in various estuaries and are capable of ascending well upstream into fresh water. S. marina is found in shallow waters throughout the Chesapeake Bay.[5] In Texas, S. marina is known to inhabit these drainage units: Sabine Lake (including minor coastal drainages west to Galveston Bay), Galveston Bay (including minor coastal drainages west to mouth of Brazos River), Brazos River, Colorado River, San Antonio Bay (including minor coastal drainages west of mouth of Colorado River to the mouth of Nueces River), and Nueces River.[6] S. marina has also been introduced and now inhabits parts of the Tennessee River drainage throughout Alabama and Tennessee.[7]

Ecology

As juveniles, the diet of S. marina consists of 70% shrimp, mysids, and amphipods and 30% fish, while adults are exclusively piscivorous.[8]

The predators of S. marina include larger piscivorous fish such as the Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus).[9] Less common predators include the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris).[10] Since they are surface swimmers, Atlantic needlefish are also preyed upon by some birds. The competitors of S. marina include similar-sized piscivorous fish species such as bonefish. Although the maximum salinity S. marina can tolerate is 36.9 ppt,[9] they are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities, regularly venturing into fresh water.[4]

Life history

Spawning typically occurs in late spring and summer. In Texas, near ripe females have been reported in February.[9] Females lay eggs that have many long, filamentous tendrils which attach to floating vegetation or other submerged objects and organisms. S. marina reaches reproductive maturity two years after being hatched. Spawning activity occurs in shallow, inshore habitats with submerged algal masses.[3]

S. marina depends on submerged vegetation for breeding and shelter. In the Gulf of Mexico, the eggs of S. marina attach to sargassum seaweed.

Conservation

S. marina is not currently considered to be a threatened species. It is not of high commercial importance, but a fishery exists for it and it is sometimes taken as bycatch. Sport fishermen take it by angling and seining, and then use it as bait.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Vega-Cendejas, M. (2019). "Strongylura marina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T155259A728197. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T155259A728197.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Strongylura marina" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
  3. ^ a b Foster, N. R. 1974. Strongylura marina-Atlantic Needlefish. Manual for identification of early developmental stages of fishes of the Potomac River estuary. Environmental Technology Center, Marietta Corp., Baltimore, Md. 125-126.
  4. ^ a b Collette, B B. (1968). "Strongylura timucu (Wallbaum): A valid species of Western Atlantic needlefish". Copeia. 1968 (1): 189–192. doi:10.2307/1441578. JSTOR 1441578.
  5. ^ Berry, F. H. & Rivas, L. R. (1962). "Data on six species of needlefishes (Belonidae) from the western Atlantic". Copeia. 1962 (1): 152–160. doi:10.2307/1439490. JSTOR 1439490.
  6. ^ Warren, M.L. Jr., B.M. Burr, S. J. Walsh, H.L. Bart Jr., R. C. Cashner, D.A. Etnier, B. J. Freeman, B.R. Kuhajda, R.L. Mayden, H. W. Robison, S.T. Ross & W. C. Starnes (2000). "Diversity, distribution and conservation status of the native freshwater fishes of the southern United States". Fisheries. 25 (10): 7–29. doi:10.1577/1548-8446(2000)025<0007:DDACSO>2.0.CO;2.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Boschung, H. T. (1992). "Catalogue of freshwater and marine fishes of Alabama". Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin. 14: 1–266.
  8. ^ Carr, W. E. S. & Adam, C. A. (1973). "Food habits of juvenile marine fishes occupying seagrass beds in the estuarine zone near Crystal River, Florida". Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 102 (3): 511–540. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1973)102<511:FHOJMF>2.0.CO;2.
  9. ^ a b c Hardy, J. D, Jr. 1978. Development of fishes of the mid-Atlantic bight. Vol. II. Anguillidae through Syngnathidae. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Service Program: pp 458.
  10. ^ Gunter G. (1942). "Contributions to the natural history of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montague), on the Texas coast, with particular reference to food habits". Journal of Mammalogy. 23 (3): 267–276. doi:10.2307/1374993. JSTOR 1374993.

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Strongylura marina: Brief Summary

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The Atlantic needlefish (Strongylura marina) is a common demersal needlefish species common in marinas and other areas with minimal currents. Its extremely long jaw and body set this fish apart from other predators. Atlantic needlefish are found from Maine to Brazil and have been known to venture into fresh water for short periods.

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Strongylura marina ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El agujón verde, marao de laguna o agujonpo, es la especie Strongylura marina, un pez marino y de agua dulce de la familia belónidos, distribuida por la costa oeste del océano Atlántico.[2]

Importancia para el hombre

Es pescado para alimentación humana y, aunque tiene una importancia comercial escasa, alcanza un valor alto en los mercados.[3]​ Además los ejemplares de gran tamaño son pescados con caña en pesca deportiva.[2]​ Se encuentra en los mercados fresco.[2]

Anatomía

Con el cuerpo alargado y con la boca en un pico largo y afilado, se ha descrito una captura de 111 cm, aunque la longitud máxima normal es de unos 60 cm.[4]​ No tiene espinas en las aletas, con pigmento negro detrás de los ojos que no se extiende por debajo del nivel de la mitad del ojo.[5]

Hábitat y biología

Habita en el mar cerca de la costa en aguas superficiales asociado a arrecife, penetrando en lagunas de marea y zona de manglar, subiendo por los ríos por lo que se le puede encontrar también en agua dulce.[2]

En la reproducción es una especie ovípara,[6]​ con los huevos que pueden encontrarse enganchados a objetos en el agua mediante zarcillos en la superficie del huevo.[6]​ Sólo se desarrolla la gónada derecha.[5]

Referencias

  1. Collen, B., Dewhurst, N., Beresford, A., Chenery, A. y Ram, M. (2010). «Strongylura marina». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 3 de abril de 2013.
  2. a b c d Robins, C.R. y G.C. Ray, 1986. «A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America». Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, EE.UU. 354 p.
  3. Sumaila, U.R., A.D. Marsden, R. Watson and D. Pauly, 2007. A global ex-vessel fish price database: construction and applications. J. Bioeconomics 9:39-51.
  4. Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina y B. Rodriguez, 1992. «Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca». Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Roma. 513 p.
  5. a b Smith, C.L., 1997. «National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda». Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Nueva York. 720 p.
  6. a b Breder, C.M. y D.E. Rosen, 1966. «Modes of reproduction in fishes». T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, Nueva Jersey. 941 p.

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Strongylura marina: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El agujón verde, marao de laguna o agujonpo, es la especie Strongylura marina, un pez marino y de agua dulce de la familia belónidos, distribuida por la costa oeste del océano Atlántico.​

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Strongylura marina ( Basque )

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Strongylura marina Strongylura generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Belonidae familian.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Strongylura marina FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Strongylura marina: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Strongylura marina Strongylura generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Belonidae familian.

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Atlantische geep ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

De Atlantische geep (Strongylura marina) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van gepen (Belonidae), orde geepachtigen (Beloniformes), die voorkomt in de binnenwateren van Noord-Amerika, Zuid-Amerika, en in het het westen van de Atlantische Oceaan.

Beschrijving

Strongylura marina kan maximaal 111 centimeter lang en 2340 gram zwaar worden. Het lichaam van de vis heeft een aalachtige vorm.

De rugvin heeft 14 tot 17 vinstralen en de aarsvin 16-20 vinstralen.

Leefwijze

Strongylura marina komt zowel in zoet, brak als zout water voor en is gebonden aan subtropische wateren. De soort is voornamelijk te vinden in rivieren, kustwateren en zeeën. De diepteverspreiding is onbekend.

Het dieet van de vis bestaat hoofdzakelijk uit macrofauna en vis.

Relatie tot de mens

Strongylura marina is voor de visserij van beperkt commercieel belang. Wel wordt er op de vis gejaagd in de hengelsport.

De soort staat niet op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
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Atlantische geep: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Atlantische geep (Strongylura marina) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van gepen (Belonidae), orde geepachtigen (Beloniformes), die voorkomt in de binnenwateren van Noord-Amerika, Zuid-Amerika, en in het het westen van de Atlantische Oceaan.

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Belona atlantycka ( Polish )

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Belona atlantycka (Strongylura marina) - gatunek ryby z rodziny belonowatych.

Występowanie

Zach. Atlantyk od stanu Maine w USA i Zatoki Meksykańskiej w Meksyku, po Brazylię. Nie występuje na Bahamach i Antylach.

Żyje w strefie przybrzeżnej, w lagunach i wśród namorzynów. Wchodzi do wód słodkich.

Cechy morfologiczne

Osiąga max. 111 cm (średnio 60 cm) długości i 2,34 wagi. W płetwie grzbietowej 14 - 17 promieni, w płetwie odbytowej 16 - 20 promieni.

Poniżej oka czarna plamka.

Odżywianie

Żywi się głównie małymi rybami.

Rozród

W Zatoce Delaware trze się od VI do VIII. Jajorodna, tylko prawa gonada jest rozwinięta. Ikra jest przyczepiana do przedmiotów leżących pod wodą za pomocą nitkowatego wyrostka.

Znaczenie

Łowiona przez wędkarzy. Ma niewielkie znaczenie gospodarcze, sprzedawana świeża.

Bibliografia

Strongylura marina. (ang.) w: Froese, R. & D. Pauly. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org [dostęp 12 marca 2012]

Przypisy

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Belona atlantycka: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Belona atlantycka (Strongylura marina) - gatunek ryby z rodziny belonowatych.

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Strongylura marina ( Portuguese )

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Strongylura marina conhecido popularmente como peixe-agulha é uma espécie pelágica que ocorre principalmente em águas costeiras, podendo entrar nos rios. Forma pequenos cardumes, sendo muito rápida e voraz.

Referências

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Strongylura marina: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Strongylura marina conhecido popularmente como peixe-agulha é uma espécie pelágica que ocorre principalmente em águas costeiras, podendo entrar nos rios. Forma pequenos cardumes, sendo muito rápida e voraz.

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Distribution

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Western Atlantic: Maine, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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