Life Cycle
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Viviparous, female carries the developing young (Ref. 205).
Trophic Strategy
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Found in the surf zone and to 73 m (Ref. 96339).
Biology
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Mostly found in surf of sand beaches, but reported from trawl catches at depths up to 73 m. Also occur near rocks, pilings and other sources of cover and food. Usually form small groups. Also caught from piers and skiffs. Feed preferably on sand crabs but also eats clams and other invertebrates. Viviparous, female carries the developing young (Ref. 205). Minimum depth range based on ecology (Ref. 96339).
Importance
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fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: unknown; price reliability:
