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Glaucoma (glaw-comb-a) is a tetrahymenine ciliate (very closely related to Tetrahymena). It is flattened, but is made distinctive because the three membranelles in the mouth are very strongly developed. Eats bacteria which are brought into the oral cavity by the cilia in the mouth, and then packaged into food vacuoles at the cytostome - at the posterior end of the oral cavity. Large homogeneous region to the left is the macronucleus. Differential interference contrast.
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Glaucoma (glaw-comb-a) is a tetrahymenine ciliate (very closely related to Tetrahymena). It is flattened, but is made distinctive because the three membranelles in the mouth are very strongly developed. Eats bacteria, very obvious here in the food vacuoles. Large homogeneous region to the upper right is the macronucleus. Phase contrast.
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Glaucoma (glaw-comb-a) is a tetrahymenine ciliate (very closely related to Tetrahymena). It is flattened, but is made distinctive because the three membranelles in the mouth are very strongly developed. Eats bacteria, very obvious here in the food vacuoles. Large homogeneous region to the lower right is the macronucleus. Phase contrast.
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Glaucoma (glaw-comb-a) is a tetrahymenine ciliate (very closely related to Tetrahymena). It is flattened, but is made distinctive because the three membranelles in the mouth are very strongly developed. Eats bacteria. This shows variation among individuals within a population. Phase contrast.
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Phase contrast micrograph of lving cell showing well developed oral ciliature.
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Portrait (ventral view) of the hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (Ehrenberg, 1830).
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Portrait (dorsal view)of the hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (Ehrenberg, 1830).
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Infraciliature (ventral view) of the hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (Ehrenberg, 1830). Stained by the silver carbonate technic (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol. 27:313-330;1991). Brightfield
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Infraciliature (dorsal view) of the hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (Ehrenberg, 1830). Stained by the silver carbonate technic (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol. 27:313-330;1991). Brightfield
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Oral infraciliature of the common hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (EHRENBERG,1830). Stained by the silver carbonate technique (Foissner,W. Europ. J. Protistol.27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Oral infraciliature of the common hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (EHRENBERG,1830). The three adoral membranelles (M1,M2 and M3) are indicated by the green, white and yellow arrowheads respectively. The "X-body", a rhomboidal group of kinetids just anterior to the end of M2, is indicated by the blue arrow.The undulating membrane on the right margin of the oral aperture is indicated by the pink arrowhead.Stained by the silver carbonate technique (Foissner,W. Europ. J. Protistol.27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Oral infraciliature of the common hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (EHRENBERG,1830). There are three adoral membranelles (M1,M2 and M3) The "X-body" is a rhomboidal group of kinetids just anterior to the end of M2.Stained by the silver carbonate technique (Foissner,W. Europ. J. Protistol.27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.
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Infraciliature (ventral view) of the hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (Ehrenberg, 1830). Stained by the silver carbonate technic (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol. 27:313-330;1991). Brightfield.
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Silverline system of the hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (Ehrenberg, 1830). Stained by the dry silver nitrate technic (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol. 27:313-330;1991). Brightfield.
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Silverline system (ventrolateral view) of the hymenostome ciliate, Glaucoma scintillans (Ehrenberg, 1830). Stained by the dry silver nitrate technic (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol. 27:313-330;1991). Brightfield.
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Side view. a -- Anus cv -- Contractile vacuole m -- Undulating membrane mi -- Inner undulating membrane l.mr -- Left membrane edge N -- Macronucleus ncl -- Micronucleus nv -- Food particle oe -- Throat p -- Pellicle r.mr -- Right membrane edge
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c.v -- Contractile vacuole ek --Ectoplasm l.or -- Left edge of mouth m -- Mouth mi -- inner undulating membrane N -- Macronucleus ncl -- Micronucleus n.v -- Food vacuole oe -- Throat r.or -- Right edge of mouth
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Infraciliature (ventral aspect) of dividing Glaucoma frontata (Stokes,1886) Kahl,1931, a hymenostome ciliate. While most Glaucoma species are ovoid, this elongate species is bluntly rounded anteriorly and tapers posteriorly to rounded tail. Dorsoventrally flattened. The oral aperture is in the anterior third and slightly oblique to the long axis of the body. There is an inconspicuous undulating membrane on the right of the oral aperture and three well developed membranelles. A small rectangular structure at the anterior end of membranelle 2 is termed the âx-bodyâ. The somatic ciliation (about 40 longitudinal kineties) is uniform with a short preoral suture and 5 postoral kineties. The right ventral kineties arch over the cytostome to abut the preoral suture. The forming oral apparatus of the posterior daughter cell (opisthe) partially overlies the macronucleus in this image. Collected from freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho August 2003. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W.Europ. J. Protistol.27,313-330;1991). Brightfield.
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Infraciliature of the oral apparatus of of Glaucoma frontata (Stokes,1886) Kahl,1931, a hymenostome ciliate. While most Glaucoma species are ovoid, this elongate species is bluntly rounded anteriorly and tapers posteriorly to rounded tail. Dorsoventrally flattened. The oral aperture is in the anterior third and slightly oblique to the long axis of the body. There is an inconspicuous undulating membrane on the right of the oral aperture and three well developed membranelles. A small rectangular structure at the anterior end of membranelle 2 is termed the "x-body" (seen here). The somatic ciliation (about 40 longitudinal kineties) is uniform with a short preoral suture and 5 postoral kineties. The right ventral kineties arch over the cytostome to abut the preoral suture. The ovoid macronucleus and single micronucleus are central. The single contractile vacuole is located laterally in the midbody. Collected from freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho August 2003. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W.Europ. J. Protistol.27,313-330;1991). Brightfield.
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Infraciliature (dorsal aspect) of Glaucoma frontata (Stokes,1886) Kahl,1931, a hymenostome ciliate. While most Glaucoma species are ovoid, this elongate species is bluntly rounded anteriorly and tapers posteriorly to rounded tail. Dorsoventrally flattened. The oral aperture is in the anterior third and slightly oblique to the long axis of the body. There is an inconspicuous undulating membrane on the right of the oral aperture and three well developed membranelles. A small rectangular structure at the anterior end of membranelle 2 is termed the âx-bodyâ. The somatic ciliation (about 40 longitudinal kineties) is uniform with a short preoral suture and 5 postoral kineties. The right ventral kineties arch over the cytostome to abut the preoral suture. The ovoid macronucleus and single micronucleus are central. The single contractile vacuole is located laterally in the midbody. Collected from freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho August 2003. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W.Europ. J. Protistol.27,313-330;1991). Brightfield.
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Infraciliature (ventral aspect) of Glaucoma frontata (Stokes,1886) Kahl,1931, a hymenostome ciliate. While most Glaucoma species are ovoid, this elongate species is bluntly rounded anteriorly and tapers posteriorly to rounded tail. Dorsoventrally flattened. The oral aperture is in the anterior third and slightly oblique to the long axis of the body. There is an inconspicuous undulating membrane on the right of the oral aperture and three well developed membranelles. A small rectangular structure at the anterior end of membranelle 2 is termed the âx-bodyâ. The somatic ciliation (about 40 longitudinal kineties) is uniform with a short preoral suture and 5 postoral kineties. The right ventral kineties arch over the cytostome to abut the preoral suture. The ovoid macronucleus and single micronucleus are central. The single contractile vacuole is located laterally in the midbody. Collected from freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho August 2003. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W.Europ. J. Protistol.27,313-330;1991). Brightfield.
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Portrait of Glaucoma frontata (Syn. Dallasia frontata), a hymenostome ciliate. While most Glaucoma species are ovoid, this elongate species is bluntly rounded anteriorly and tapers posteriorly to rounded tail. Dorsoventrally flattened. The oral aperture is in the anterior third and oblique to the long axis of the body. There is an inconspicuous undulating membrane on the right of the oral aperture and three well developed membranelles. The somatic ciliation is uniform with a short preoral suture and 5 or more postoral kineties. The ovoid macronucleus and single micronucleus are central. The single contractile vacuole is located laterally in the midbody. Numerous food vacuoles are visible in this image. Mainly bactivorous. Collected from freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho August 2003. DIC optics.