Hellebore

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

2013-02-03 Vienna, district XVIII., TrkenschanzparkGerman name: Garten-NieswurzPossibly a cultivar with some hybrid component.

Helleborus viridis L. RanunculaceaeComaoriola (La Tosa dAlp), Das, Baixa Cerdanya, Catalunya29-VI-10Prado mesfilo (1972 m)

Piovene Rocchette, Veneto, Italy

Casera Vallorch, Veneto, Italia

2011-03-15 Vienna XXIII. district (Kalksburg Dorotheerwald, 260 m AMSL).Leaves (evergreen! those definitely show some frost marks of last winter).German name: Grn-NiesswurzAbout ID see remarks here.

Stevenage, England, United Kingdom

Piovene Rocchette, Veneto, Italy

Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus Vis. (Schiffner) Merxm. & Podl., syn.: Helleborus istriacus (Schiffn.) Borbas, Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. var. istriacus Schiffn., Helleborus viridis subsp. istriacus (Schiffn.) Cristof. & ZanottiLacy Hellebore (?), DE: Istrische Vielspaltige Nieswurz, Istrische NieswurzSlo.: istrski deljenolistni teloh, istrski telohDat.: Apr. 23. 2015Lat.: 45.08763 Long.: 14.45765Code: Bot_0866/2015_DSC5865Habitat: grassland, edge of a pasture next to mixed hardwood forest; locally flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry, partly shady, rather open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 130 m (430 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West part of the island Krk, about 500 m north of village Milohnii; Kvarner bay archipelago, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC.Comment: Taxonomy of the genus Helleborus is 'complex'. Several interpretations exist. The two main reasons are: very frequent occurrences of intermediated forms between species and many and frequent hybrids. Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus had been for decades considered as a subspecies of similar Helleborus odorus. Once it was also considered a subspecies of Helleborus viridis. Other authors consider it on species level as Helleborus istriacus. Following the key in Rottersteiner (2014), Ref.: 1 the photographed plants belong to Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus due to its palmatelly divided ground leaves with many leaflets (10-15), which are deeply incised, some nearly to the bottom of the leaf and some to about one half of the leaflet length. The leaf edge is finely and sharply serrated (toothed with teeth directed forward). The leaflets should be wider than 15 mm in contrast to very similar subspecies Helleborus multifidus ssp. multifidus, which is supposed to have narrower leaflets. To distinguish both is many times difficult. This is particularly true (including Helleborus odorus) in early spring in March when plants bloom. The ground leaves are not yet developed at that time and the flower stalks and flowers are very variable in all of them. These pictures show plants already forming seeds.The Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus is endemic to peninsula Istria and surrounding regions including Kvarner archipelago islands. Apart of this it can be found also in Croatia's central-western part. It grows also in southwest Slovenia, as well as in most northwest part of Italy near the town Trieste.Ref.:(1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 787.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 127. (3) J. Bavcon, K. Eler, A. Suek, Helleborus (Helleborus L.), University Botanic Gardens Ljubljana (2012), p 43.

Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus Vis. (Schiffner) Merxm. & Podl., syn.: Helleborus istriacus (Schiffn.) Borbas, Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. var. istriacus Schiffn., Helleborus viridis subsp. istriacus (Schiffn.) Cristof. & ZanottiLacy Hellebore (?), DE: Istrische Vielspaltige Nieswurz, Istrische NieswurzSlo.: istrski deljenolistni teloh, istrski telohDat.: Apr. 23. 2015Lat.: 45.08763 Long.: 14.45765Code: Bot_0866/2015_DSC5865Habitat: grassland, edge of a pasture next to mixed hardwood forest; locally flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry, partly shady, rather open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 130 m (430 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West part of the island Krk, about 500 m north of village Milohnii; Kvarner bay archipelago, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC.Comment: Taxonomy of the genus Helleborus is 'complex'. Several interpretations exist. The two main reasons are: very frequent occurrences of intermediated forms between species and many and frequent hybrids. Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus had been for decades considered as a subspecies of similar Helleborus odorus. Once it was also considered a subspecies of Helleborus viridis. Other authors consider it on species level as Helleborus istriacus. Following the key in Rottersteiner (2014), Ref.: 1 the photographed plants belong to Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus due to its palmatelly divided ground leaves with many leaflets (10-15), which are deeply incised, some nearly to the bottom of the leaf and some to about one half of the leaflet length. The leaf edge is finely and sharply serrated (toothed with teeth directed forward). The leaflets should be wider than 15 mm in contrast to very similar subspecies Helleborus multifidus ssp. multifidus, which is supposed to have narrower leaflets. To distinguish both is many times difficult. This is particularly true (including Helleborus odorus) in early spring in March when plants bloom. The ground leaves are not yet developed at that time and the flower stalks and flowers are very variable in all of them. These pictures show plants already forming seeds.The Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus is endemic to peninsula Istria and surrounding regions including Kvarner archipelago islands. Apart of this it can be found also in Croatia's central-western part. It grows also in southwest Slovenia, as well as in most northwest part of Italy near the town Trieste.Ref.:(1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 787.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 127. (3) J. Bavcon, K. Eler, A. Suek, Helleborus (Helleborus L.), University Botanic Gardens Ljubljana (2012), p 43.

Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus Vis. (Schiffner) Merxm. & Podl., syn.: Helleborus istriacus (Schiffn.) Borbas, Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. var. istriacus Schiffn., Helleborus viridis subsp. istriacus (Schiffn.) Cristof. & ZanottiLacy Hellebore (?), DE: Istrische Vielspaltige Nieswurz, Istrische NieswurzSlo.: istrski deljenolistni teloh, istrski telohDat.: Apr. 23. 2015Lat.: 45.08763 Long.: 14.45765Code: Bot_0866/2015_DSC5865Habitat: grassland, edge of a pasture next to mixed hardwood forest; locally flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry, partly shady, rather open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 130 m (430 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West part of the island Krk, about 500 m north of village Milohnii; Kvarner bay archipelago, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC.Comment: Taxonomy of the genus Helleborus is 'complex'. Several interpretations exist. The two main reasons are: very frequent occurrences of intermediated forms between species and many and frequent hybrids. Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus had been for decades considered as a subspecies of similar Helleborus odorus. Once it was also considered a subspecies of Helleborus viridis. Other authors consider it on species level as Helleborus istriacus. Following the key in Rottersteiner (2014), Ref.: 1 the photographed plants belong to Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus due to its palmatelly divided ground leaves with many leaflets (10-15), which are deeply incised, some nearly to the bottom of the leaf and some to about one half of the leaflet length. The leaf edge is finely and sharply serrated (toothed with teeth directed forward). The leaflets should be wider than 15 mm in contrast to very similar subspecies Helleborus multifidus ssp. multifidus, which is supposed to have narrower leaflets. To distinguish both is many times difficult. This is particularly true (including Helleborus odorus) in early spring in March when plants bloom. The ground leaves are not yet developed at that time and the flower stalks and flowers are very variable in all of them. These pictures show plants already forming seeds.The Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus is endemic to peninsula Istria and surrounding regions including Kvarner archipelago islands. Apart of this it can be found also in Croatia's central-western part. It grows also in southwest Slovenia, as well as in most northwest part of Italy near the town Trieste.Ref.:(1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 787.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 127. (3) J. Bavcon, K. Eler, A. Suek, Helleborus (Helleborus L.), University Botanic Gardens Ljubljana (2012), p 43.

Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus Vis. (Schiffner) Merxm. & Podl., syn.: Helleborus istriacus (Schiffn.) Borbas, Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. var. istriacus Schiffn., Helleborus viridis subsp. istriacus (Schiffn.) Cristof. & ZanottiLacy Hellebore (?), DE: Istrische Vielspaltige Nieswurz, Istrische NieswurzSlo.: istrski deljenolistni teloh, istrski telohDat.: Apr. 23. 2015Lat.: 45.08763 Long.: 14.45765Code: Bot_0866/2015_DSC5865Habitat: grassland, edge of a pasture next to mixed hardwood forest; locally flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry, partly shady, rather open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 130 m (430 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West part of the island Krk, about 500 m north of village Milohnii; Kvarner bay archipelago, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC.Comment: Taxonomy of the genus Helleborus is 'complex'. Several interpretations exist. The two main reasons are: very frequent occurrences of intermediated forms between species and many and frequent hybrids. Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus had been for decades considered as a subspecies of similar Helleborus odorus. Once it was also considered a subspecies of Helleborus viridis. Other authors consider it on species level as Helleborus istriacus. Following the key in Rottersteiner (2014), Ref.: 1 the photographed plants belong to Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus due to its palmatelly divided ground leaves with many leaflets (10-15), which are deeply incised, some nearly to the bottom of the leaf and some to about one half of the leaflet length. The leaf edge is finely and sharply serrated (toothed with teeth directed forward). The leaflets should be wider than 15 mm in contrast to very similar subspecies Helleborus multifidus ssp. multifidus, which is supposed to have narrower leaflets. To distinguish both is many times difficult. This is particularly true (including Helleborus odorus) in early spring in March when plants bloom. The ground leaves are not yet developed at that time and the flower stalks and flowers are very variable in all of them. These pictures show plants already forming seeds.The Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus is endemic to peninsula Istria and surrounding regions including Kvarner archipelago islands. Apart of this it can be found also in Croatia's central-western part. It grows also in southwest Slovenia, as well as in most northwest part of Italy near the town Trieste.Ref.:(1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 787.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 127. (3) J. Bavcon, K. Eler, A. Suek, Helleborus (Helleborus L.), University Botanic Gardens Ljubljana (2012), p 43.

Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus Vis. (Schiffner) Merxm. & Podl., syn.: Helleborus istriacus (Schiffn.) Borbas, Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. var. istriacus Schiffn., Helleborus viridis subsp. istriacus (Schiffn.) Cristof. & ZanottiLacy Hellebore (?), DE: Istrische Vielspaltige Nieswurz, Istrische NieswurzSlo.: istrski deljenolistni teloh, istrski telohDat.: Apr. 23. 2015Lat.: 45.08763 Long.: 14.45765Code: Bot_0866/2015_DSC5865Habitat: grassland, edge of a pasture next to mixed hardwood forest; locally flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry, partly shady, rather open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 130 m (430 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West part of the island Krk, about 500 m north of village Milohnii; Kvarner bay archipelago, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC.Comment: Taxonomy of the genus Helleborus is 'complex'. Several interpretations exist. The two main reasons are: very frequent occurrences of intermediated forms between species and many and frequent hybrids. Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus had been for decades considered as a subspecies of similar Helleborus odorus. Once it was also considered a subspecies of Helleborus viridis. Other authors consider it on species level as Helleborus istriacus. Following the key in Rottersteiner (2014), Ref.: 1 the photographed plants belong to Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus due to its palmatelly divided ground leaves with many leaflets (10-15), which are deeply incised, some nearly to the bottom of the leaf and some to about one half of the leaflet length. The leaf edge is finely and sharply serrated (toothed with teeth directed forward). The leaflets should be wider than 15 mm in contrast to very similar subspecies Helleborus multifidus ssp. multifidus, which is supposed to have narrower leaflets. To distinguish both is many times difficult. This is particularly true (including Helleborus odorus) in early spring in March when plants bloom. The ground leaves are not yet developed at that time and the flower stalks and flowers are very variable in all of them. These pictures show plants already forming seeds.The Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus is endemic to peninsula Istria and surrounding regions including Kvarner archipelago islands. Apart of this it can be found also in Croatia's central-western part. It grows also in southwest Slovenia, as well as in most northwest part of Italy near the town Trieste.Ref.:(1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 787.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 127. (3) J. Bavcon, K. Eler, A. Suek, Helleborus (Helleborus L.), University Botanic Gardens Ljubljana (2012), p 43.

Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus Vis. (Schiffner) Merxm. & Podl., syn.: Helleborus istriacus (Schiffn.) Borbas, Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. var. istriacus Schiffn., Helleborus viridis subsp. istriacus (Schiffn.) Cristof. & ZanottiLacy Hellebore (?), DE: Istrische Vielspaltige Nieswurz, Istrische NieswurzSlo.: istrski deljenolistni teloh, istrski telohDat.: Apr. 23. 2015Lat.: 45.08763 Long.: 14.45765Code: Bot_0866/2015_DSC5865Habitat: grassland, edge of a pasture next to mixed hardwood forest; locally flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry, partly shady, rather open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 130 m (430 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West part of the island Krk, about 500 m north of village Milohnii; Kvarner bay archipelago, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC.Comment: Taxonomy of the genus Helleborus is 'complex'. Several interpretations exist. The two main reasons are: very frequent occurrences of intermediated forms between species and many and frequent hybrids. Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus had been for decades considered as a subspecies of similar Helleborus odorus. Once it was also considered a subspecies of Helleborus viridis. Other authors consider it on species level as Helleborus istriacus. Following the key in Rottersteiner (2014), Ref.: 1 the photographed plants belong to Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus due to its palmatelly divided ground leaves with many leaflets (10-15), which are deeply incised, some nearly to the bottom of the leaf and some to about one half of the leaflet length. The leaf edge is finely and sharply serrated (toothed with teeth directed forward). The leaflets should be wider than 15 mm in contrast to very similar subspecies Helleborus multifidus ssp. multifidus, which is supposed to have narrower leaflets. To distinguish both is many times difficult. This is particularly true (including Helleborus odorus) in early spring in March when plants bloom. The ground leaves are not yet developed at that time and the flower stalks and flowers are very variable in all of them. These pictures show plants already forming seeds.The Helleborus multifidus ssp. istriacus is endemic to peninsula Istria and surrounding regions including Kvarner archipelago islands. Apart of this it can be found also in Croatia's central-western part. It grows also in southwest Slovenia, as well as in most northwest part of Italy near the town Trieste.Ref.:(1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 787.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 127. (3) J. Bavcon, K. Eler, A. Suek, Helleborus (Helleborus L.), University Botanic Gardens Ljubljana (2012), p 43.

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Helleborus odorusFragnant HelleboreSlo.: blagodiei telohDat.: March 17, 2015Lat.: 45.76234 Long.: 14.22001Code: Bot_856/2015_DSC5285Habitat: Broad leaved forest, no Fagus sylvatica, next to a dirt road, semiruderal place, southwest oriented moderately inclined mountain slop, apparently dry and warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 1.800-2.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 560 m (1850 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: East of Postojna Animal Hospital, between freeway and railroad, Notranjska, Slovenia EC.Comment: Hellebores are very beautiful. It is interesting that what one would consider as petals are actually sepals, which are taking over the role of petals. Between them and numerous stamens there are tubular nectaries producing nectar and attracting pollinators.As easy as it is to properly determine white flowering Helleborus niger and purple red flowering Helleborus atrorubens, so it is difficult to correctly determine green flowering Helleborus species of Slovenia (grouped in the section Helleborastrum). Helleborus dumentorum, Helleborus odorus and Helleborus multifidus subsp. istiacus all of them with green flowers, are extremely variable plants and again and again one finds plants, which seem to have characters, which are in between of traits of these (three?) four species. It appears that Helleborus odorus slowly changes to Helleborus multifidus subsp. istiacus and this one to Helleborus multifidus subsp. multifidus going from west Slovenia to east into Croatia. At least what one has to do for the best possible determination is to examine several flowering plants and perform 'averaging' in his head. Based on the length of bracts (not or not much longer than 'petals', actually sepals), diameter of flowers (more than 5 cm) and very distinctive odor I decided for Helleborus odorus.Growing in groups of many plants. Note unusual blackish purple lines of spots on the internal side of 'petals'. Plants have strong odor on flowers of Sambucu nigra. Stalks are branched (2, 2, 3AVG=2.3 branches/SD=0.6/n=3) with several flowers on each (7, 4, 3 flowers). Average flowers' diameter is over 5 cm (totally open) (AVG=5.1/ SD=0.5/ n=10). Bracts are divided into several subsections (AVG=3.8/ SD=1.1/ n=18) and are as long or somewhat longer than 'petals'. 'Petals' overlap up to 3 mm maximum on 40 - 60% of their side edge. No ground leaves present yet. Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah'Url. RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protection of wild growing plants, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, No.: 46/2004), marked by code O0 (collecting underground parts and seeds of the plant is prohibited).Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 127. (2) P. Skoberne, Zavarovane rastline Slovenije (Protected Plants of Slovenia) (in Slovenian) Mladinska Knjiga Zaloba (2007), p 103.(3) J. Bavcon, K. Eler, A.uel, Helleborus (Helleborus L.) in Slovenia (bilingual Slovenian/English edition), University Botanic Gardens, Ljubljana, JAK Slovenian Book Agency (2012)

Helleborus odorusFragnant HelleboreSlo.: blagodiei telohDat.: March 17, 2015Lat.: 45.76234 Long.: 14.22001Code: Bot_856/2015_DSC5285Habitat: Broad leaved forest, no Fagus sylvatica, next to a dirt road, semiruderal place, southwest oriented moderately inclined mountain slop, apparently dry and warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 1.800-2.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 560 m (1850 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: East of Postojna Animal Hospital, between freeway and railroad, Notranjska, Slovenia EC.Comment: Hellebores are very beautiful. It is interesting that what one would consider as petals are actually sepals, which are taking over the role of petals. Between them and numerous stamens there are tubular nectaries producing nectar and attracting pollinators.As easy as it is to properly determine white flowering Helleborus niger and purple red flowering Helleborus atrorubens, so it is difficult to correctly determine green flowering Helleborus species of Slovenia (grouped in the section Helleborastrum). Helleborus dumentorum, Helleborus odorus and Helleborus multifidus subsp. istiacus all of them with green flowers, are extremely variable plants and again and again one finds plants, which seem to have characters, which are in between of traits of these (three?) four species. It appears that Helleborus odorus slowly changes to Helleborus multifidus subsp. istiacus and this one to Helleborus multifidus subsp. multifidus going from west Slovenia to east into Croatia. At least what one has to do for the best possible determination is to examine several flowering plants and perform 'averaging' in his head. Based on the length of bracts (not or not much longer than 'petals', actually sepals), diameter of flowers (more than 5 cm) and very distinctive odor I decided for Helleborus odorus.Growing in groups of many plants. Note unusual blackish purple lines of spots on the internal side of 'petals'. Plants have strong odor on flowers of Sambucu nigra. Stalks are branched (2, 2, 3AVG=2.3 branches/SD=0.6/n=3) with several flowers on each (7, 4, 3 flowers). Average flowers' diameter is over 5 cm (totally open) (AVG=5.1/ SD=0.5/ n=10). Bracts are divided into several subsections (AVG=3.8/ SD=1.1/ n=18) and are as long or somewhat longer than 'petals'. 'Petals' overlap up to 3 mm maximum on 40 - 60% of their side edge. No ground leaves present yet. Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah'Url. RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protection of wild growing plants, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, No.: 46/2004), marked by code O0 (collecting underground parts and seeds of the plant is prohibited).Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 127. (2) P. Skoberne, Zavarovane rastline Slovenije (Protected Plants of Slovenia) (in Slovenian) Mladinska Knjiga Zaloba (2007), p 103.(3) J. Bavcon, K. Eler, A.uel, Helleborus (Helleborus L.) in Slovenia (bilingual Slovenian/English edition), University Botanic Gardens, Ljubljana, JAK Slovenian Book Agency (2012)