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Mushroom Observer Image 529909: Conocybe apala (Fr.) Arnolds
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Mushroom Observer Image 533858: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Mushroom Observer Image 820446: Pholiotina rugosa (Peck) Sing.
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Mushroom Observer Image 537168: Conocybe apala (Fr.) Arnolds
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Mushroom Observer Image 575681: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Mushroom Observer Image 54078: Conocybe apala (Fr.) Arnolds
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Mushroom Observer Image 582974: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Mushroom Observer Image 606623: Conocybe apala (Fr.) Arnolds
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Mushroom Observer Image 582981: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Mushroom Observer Image 744202: Conocybe apala (Fr.) Arnolds
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Mushroom Observer Image 582982: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Mushroom Observer Image 749466: Conocybe apala (Fr.) Arnolds
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Mushroom Observer Image 582989: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Mushroom Observer Image 606642: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Mushroom Observer Image 606728: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Mushroom Observer Image 703114: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Slo.: rumeni smetiar - syn.: Bolbitius vitellinus (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., Bolbitius vitellinus var. titubans (Bull.: Fr.) Moser - Habitat: grassland; semiruderal, flat terrain near a village house; calcareous ground, shallow soil layer; nitrogen rich place (my dog's favorite place to pee); open, fairly sunny place; mowed several times per year; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Bolbitius titubans is generally a common mushroom but apparently not in the Upper Soa River region. The place of this observation is almost in front of my house, where I live. I know this piece of grassland for decades. Yet, I have seen this mushrooms only once - in 2013. There were several dozens of them appearing again and again starting at the beginning of October until the end of November. Pilei are ephemeral and of similar habitus as in genus Coprinus but vividly lemon to yolk yellow, beautiful particularly when they are young. It is impossible to overlook them in low grass. They are viscid and very delicate. Growing solitary and in groups of a few fruit bodies; flesh very brittle; SP brown with reddish tint; smell and taste indistinctive.Spores smooth with thick walls and large germ pore. Dimensions: 12.6 [13.8 ; 14.3] 15.5 x 7.2 [7.9 ; 8.3] 9 microns; Q = 1.6 [1.7 ; 1.8] 1.9; N = 29; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 8.1 microns; Qe = 1.7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot, www. gobenabovskem.com(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 304. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 260. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 233. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 96.
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Mushroom Observer Image 705639: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Mushroom Observer Image 735286: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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Slo.: beli govnar - Habitat: grassland, pasture, northwest inclined mountain slope; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; open place, partly sunny place, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rather old, washed-out horse dung. - Comments: Panaeolus semiovatus is considered as a mushroom with a ring on its stipe. However, some of them do not have it. In this observation there was no trace of it. Such observations are treated by different authors either on subspecies or variation level as Panaeolus semiovatus ssp./var. phalaenarum or on the species level as Panaeolus phalaenarum. Presently Index Fungorum recognizes as a valid name only Panaeolus semiovatus. How complex is the situation can be concluded by the fact that IF states 30 synonym names! - Growing in a group of four fruit bodies; the pilei diameters 52, 31, 14 and 13 mm, the largest pileus was 35 mm high; stipe firm, not hollow, without ring; stipe length/diameter 130/7 mm, 90/4.5 mm, 70/3 and 60/2.6 mm; smell slightly mushroomy; taste mild, indistinctive; SP dark warm brown, oac733 but darker. - Spores smooth, somewhat flattened. Dimensions: 14 [15.6 ; 16.3] 18 x 8.8 [10.1 ; 10.6] 11.9 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 16 x 10.4 microns; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF. - Ref.: (1) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 116. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 261. (3) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 355. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 261. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5., Ulmer (2010), p 597. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 264.
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Mushroom Observer Image 840865: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.
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2001 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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Mushroom Observer Image 85845: Bolbitius titubans (Bull.) Fr.