Lobariaceae

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Sept. 3. 2012Lat.: 46.34563 Long.: 13.73455Code: Bot_653/2012_IMG0954 Habitat: Mixed, old predominantly Picea abies mountain forest, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, quite humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.380 m (4.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: live Carpinus betulus.Place: Dol pod Plazmi, west of Lepo pije ridge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Growing in groups, many species. Several large moist (after rain) thalli with isidia, soralia as well as with fairly rare apothecia in Europe. The tree trunk was covered by the lichen from ground to up to 4 m (12 feet) above the ground. Peltigera sp. present on the same trunk. Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 255.

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Sept. 3. 2012Lat.: 46.34563 Long.: 13.73455Code: Bot_653/2012_IMG0954 Habitat: Mixed, old predominantly Picea abies mountain forest, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, quite humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.380 m (4.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: live Carpinus betulus.Place: Dol pod Plazmi, west of Lepo pije ridge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Growing in groups, many species. Several large moist (after rain) thalli with isidia, soralia as well as with fairly rare apothecia in Europe. The tree trunk was covered by the lichen from ground to up to 4 m (12 feet) above the ground. Peltigera sp. present on the same trunk. Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 255.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Russia

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.Lungwort, Lung Lichen, DE: Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Oct. 15. 2016Lat.: 46.34315 Long.: 13.71151Code: Bot_1018/2016_DSC5742File names: from Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_60 to Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_69.Habitat: Mixed alpine forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; quite sunny place since the surrounding forest was mostly cut down a few years ago; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.180 m (3.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a large Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, above village Na Skali, near the dirt road to Dol pod Plazmi place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lobaria pulmonaria is very beautiful and one of the largest lichens of Slovenia. It is the most beautiful after a few rainy days. Then dry it is brownish or dull green, but when moist it becomes shiny green. Since it is very sensitive to air pollution it is in sharp decline in Europe and hence protected in many countries. As such it is used as an indicator of rich, healthy and undisturbed ecosystems. Lobaria pulmonaria can be quite common in its ideal habitat; however, actually it is quite a rare find nowadays, particularly in low-land industrial countries. It occurs most often in shady environments. Green algae give Lobaria pulmonaria its bright green appearance. The underside of this lichen is whitish with pockets of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Hence this species is an association of three much different living beings: fungus and two kinds of algae.Its main method of reproducing is by tiny granule-like isidia or soredia, which develop on the edges of its talus (Fig. 63), eventually break off and fall on ground or in crevices of three bank, where they can grow into new lichen. Sometimes Lobaria pulmonaria also has spore-producing structures called apothecia that spread fungal spores. But apothecia are very rarely observed.Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 255.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 561.

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.Lungwort, Lung Lichen, DE: Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Oct. 15. 2016Lat.: 46.34315 Long.: 13.71151Code: Bot_1018/2016_DSC5742File names: from Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_60 to Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_69.Habitat: Mixed alpine forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; quite sunny place since the surrounding forest was mostly cut down a few years ago; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.180 m (3.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a large Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, above village Na Skali, near the dirt road to Dol pod Plazmi place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lobaria pulmonaria is very beautiful and one of the largest lichens of Slovenia. It is the most beautiful after a few rainy days. Then dry it is brownish or dull green, but when moist it becomes shiny green. Since it is very sensitive to air pollution it is in sharp decline in Europe and hence protected in many countries. As such it is used as an indicator of rich, healthy and undisturbed ecosystems. Lobaria pulmonaria can be quite common in its ideal habitat; however, actually it is quite a rare find nowadays, particularly in low-land industrial countries. It occurs most often in shady environments. Green algae give Lobaria pulmonaria its bright green appearance. The underside of this lichen is whitish with pockets of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Hence this species is an association of three much different living beings: fungus and two kinds of algae.Its main method of reproducing is by tiny granule-like isidia or soredia, which develop on the edges of its talus (Fig. 63), eventually break off and fall on ground or in crevices of three bank, where they can grow into new lichen. Sometimes Lobaria pulmonaria also has spore-producing structures called apothecia that spread fungal spores. But apothecia are very rarely observed.Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 255.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 561.

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Sept. 3. 2012Lat.: 46.34563 Long.: 13.73455Code: Bot_653/2012_IMG0954 Habitat: Mixed, old predominantly Picea abies mountain forest, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, quite humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.380 m (4.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: live Carpinus betulus.Place: Dol pod Plazmi, west of Lepo pije ridge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Growing in groups, many species. Several large moist (after rain) thalli with isidia, soralia as well as with fairly rare apothecia in Europe. The tree trunk was covered by the lichen from ground to up to 4 m (12 feet) above the ground. Peltigera sp. present on the same trunk. Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 255.

Valle de Arags, el Pirineo: Aragn (Espaa)Lquen foliceoFungi Clase: Lecanoromycetes Orden: Peltigerales Familia: Lobariaceae

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, lung lichenEchte LungenflechteDat.: May 17. 2009Lat.: 46.38938 Long.: 13.65219Code: Bot_340/2009-1272 (Canon G10)Habitat: Old dead, still standing, trunk of Fagus sylvatica in a small opening in Fagus sylvatica forest, full sun, fully exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.300 m (4.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Partly rotten Fagus sylvatica trunk, 1.8 m off ground, southwest exposed.Place: Next to hunter's cottage above Planina Bala, Bavica valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.Lungwort, Lung Lichen, DE: Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Oct. 15. 2016Lat.: 46.34315 Long.: 13.71151Code: Bot_1018/2016_DSC5742File names: from Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_60 to Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_69.Habitat: Mixed alpine forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; quite sunny place since the surrounding forest was mostly cut down a few years ago; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.180 m (3.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a large Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, above village Na Skali, near the dirt road to Dol pod Plazmi place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lobaria pulmonaria is very beautiful and one of the largest lichens of Slovenia. It is the most beautiful after a few rainy days. Then dry it is brownish or dull green, but when moist it becomes shiny green. Since it is very sensitive to air pollution it is in sharp decline in Europe and hence protected in many countries. As such it is used as an indicator of rich, healthy and undisturbed ecosystems. Lobaria pulmonaria can be quite common in its ideal habitat; however, actually it is quite a rare find nowadays, particularly in low-land industrial countries. It occurs most often in shady environments. Green algae give Lobaria pulmonaria its bright green appearance. The underside of this lichen is whitish with pockets of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Hence this species is an association of three much different living beings: fungus and two kinds of algae.Its main method of reproducing is by tiny granule-like isidia or soredia, which develop on the edges of its talus (Fig. 63), eventually break off and fall on ground or in crevices of three bank, where they can grow into new lichen. Sometimes Lobaria pulmonaria also has spore-producing structures called apothecia that spread fungal spores. But apothecia are very rarely observed.Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 255.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 561.

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Jan.24. 2011Lat.: 46.31661 Long.: 13.46331Code: Bot_486/2011_IMG3558 Habitat: Mountain secondary beach wood, step, south oriented slope, rocky calcareous ground, shallow soil layer, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-8 deg C, elevation 910 m (3.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen Fagus sylvatica, not yet rotten.Place: Uja valley, next to the trail from village aga to Planina Baban, south slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Thallus width of about 35 cm (one foot). Lichen in a half dry condition. Growing solitary. Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol. 2, p 563. (2) I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p417. (3) V.Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten ind Moose, Ulmer (2000), p67.

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.Lungwort, Lung Lichen, DE: Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Oct. 15. 2016Lat.: 46.34315 Long.: 13.71151Code: Bot_1018/2016_DSC5742File names: from Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_60 to Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_69.Habitat: Mixed alpine forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; quite sunny place since the surrounding forest was mostly cut down a few years ago; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.180 m (3.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a large Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, above village Na Skali, near the dirt road to Dol pod Plazmi place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lobaria pulmonaria is very beautiful and one of the largest lichens of Slovenia. It is the most beautiful after a few rainy days. Then dry it is brownish or dull green, but when moist it becomes shiny green. Since it is very sensitive to air pollution it is in sharp decline in Europe and hence protected in many countries. As such it is used as an indicator of rich, healthy and undisturbed ecosystems. Lobaria pulmonaria can be quite common in its ideal habitat; however, actually it is quite a rare find nowadays, particularly in low-land industrial countries. It occurs most often in shady environments. Green algae give Lobaria pulmonaria its bright green appearance. The underside of this lichen is whitish with pockets of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Hence this species is an association of three much different living beings: fungus and two kinds of algae.Its main method of reproducing is by tiny granule-like isidia or soredia, which develop on the edges of its talus (Fig. 63), eventually break off and fall on ground or in crevices of three bank, where they can grow into new lichen. Sometimes Lobaria pulmonaria also has spore-producing structures called apothecia that spread fungal spores. But apothecia are very rarely observed.Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 255.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 561.

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Jan.24. 2011Lat.: 46.31661 Long.: 13.46331Code: Bot_486/2011_IMG3558 Habitat: Mountain secondary beach wood, step, south oriented slope, rocky calcareous ground, shallow soil layer, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-8 deg C, elevation 910 m (3.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen Fagus sylvatica, not yet rotten.Place: Uja valley, next to the trail from village aga to Planina Baban, south slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Thallus width of about 35 cm (one foot). Lichen in a half dry condition. Growing solitary. Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol. 2, p 563. (2) I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p417. (3) V.Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten ind Moose, Ulmer (2000), p67.

2022.05.21 Pyh-Hkki National Park, Saarijrvi, Finland

Valle de Arags, el Pirineo: Aragn (Espaa)Lquen foliceoFungi Clase:Lecanoromycetes Orden: Peltigerales Familia:Lobariaceae

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Jan.24. 2011Lat.: 46.31661 Long.: 13.46331Code: Bot_486/2011_IMG3558 Habitat: Mountain secondary beach wood, step, south oriented slope, rocky calcareous ground, shallow soil layer, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-8 deg C, elevation 910 m (3.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen Fagus sylvatica, not yet rotten.Place: Uja valley, next to the trail from village aga to Planina Baban, south slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Thallus width of about 35 cm (one foot). Lichen in a half dry condition. Growing solitary. Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol. 2, p 563. (2) I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p417. (3) V.Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten ind Moose, Ulmer (2000), p67.

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.Lungwort, Lung Lichen, DE: Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Oct. 15. 2016Lat.: 46.34315 Long.: 13.71151Code: Bot_1018/2016_DSC5742File names: from Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_60 to Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_69.Habitat: Mixed alpine forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; quite sunny place since the surrounding forest was mostly cut down a few years ago; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.180 m (3.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a large Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, above village Na Skali, near the dirt road to Dol pod Plazmi place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lobaria pulmonaria is very beautiful and one of the largest lichens of Slovenia. It is the most beautiful after a few rainy days. Then dry it is brownish or dull green, but when moist it becomes shiny green. Since it is very sensitive to air pollution it is in sharp decline in Europe and hence protected in many countries. As such it is used as an indicator of rich, healthy and undisturbed ecosystems. Lobaria pulmonaria can be quite common in its ideal habitat; however, actually it is quite a rare find nowadays, particularly in low-land industrial countries. It occurs most often in shady environments. Green algae give Lobaria pulmonaria its bright green appearance. The underside of this lichen is whitish with pockets of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Hence this species is an association of three much different living beings: fungus and two kinds of algae.Its main method of reproducing is by tiny granule-like isidia or soredia, which develop on the edges of its talus (Fig. 63), eventually break off and fall on ground or in crevices of three bank, where they can grow into new lichen. Sometimes Lobaria pulmonaria also has spore-producing structures called apothecia that spread fungal spores. But apothecia are very rarely observed.Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 255.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 561.

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Sept. 3. 2012Lat.: 46.34563 Long.: 13.73455Code: Bot_653/2012_IMG0954 Habitat: Mixed, old predominantly Picea abies mountain forest, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, quite humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.380 m (4.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: live Carpinus betulus.Place: Dol pod Plazmi, west of Lepo pije ridge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Growing in groups, many species. Several large moist (after rain) thalli with isidia, soralia as well as with fairly rare apothecia in Europe. The tree trunk was covered by the lichen from ground to up to 4 m (12 feet) above the ground. Peltigera sp. present on the same trunk. Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 255.

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Sept. 3. 2012Lat.: 46.34563 Long.: 13.73455Code: Bot_653/2012_IMG0954 Habitat: Mixed, old predominantly Picea abies mountain forest, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, quite humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.380 m (4.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: live Carpinus betulus.Place: Dol pod Plazmi, west of Lepo pije ridge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Growing in groups, many species. Several large moist (after rain) thalli with isidia, soralia as well as with fairly rare apothecia in Europe. The tree trunk was covered by the lichen from ground to up to 4 m (12 feet) above the ground. Peltigera sp. present on the same trunk. Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 255.

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.Lungwort, Lung Lichen, DE: Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Oct. 15. 2016Lat.: 46.34315 Long.: 13.71151Code: Bot_1018/2016_DSC5742File names: from Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_60 to Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_69.Habitat: Mixed alpine forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; quite sunny place since the surrounding forest was mostly cut down a few years ago; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.180 m (3.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a large Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, above village Na Skali, near the dirt road to Dol pod Plazmi place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lobaria pulmonaria is very beautiful and one of the largest lichens of Slovenia. It is the most beautiful after a few rainy days. Then dry it is brownish or dull green, but when moist it becomes shiny green. Since it is very sensitive to air pollution it is in sharp decline in Europe and hence protected in many countries. As such it is used as an indicator of rich, healthy and undisturbed ecosystems. Lobaria pulmonaria can be quite common in its ideal habitat; however, actually it is quite a rare find nowadays, particularly in low-land industrial countries. It occurs most often in shady environments. Green algae give Lobaria pulmonaria its bright green appearance. The underside of this lichen is whitish with pockets of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Hence this species is an association of three much different living beings: fungus and two kinds of algae.Its main method of reproducing is by tiny granule-like isidia or soredia, which develop on the edges of its talus (Fig. 63), eventually break off and fall on ground or in crevices of three bank, where they can grow into new lichen. Sometimes Lobaria pulmonaria also has spore-producing structures called apothecia that spread fungal spores. But apothecia are very rarely observed.Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 255.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 561.

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, lung lichenEchte LungenflechteDat.: May 17. 2009Lat.: 46.38938 Long.: 13.65219Code: Bot_340/2009-1272 (Canon G10)Habitat: Old dead, still standing, trunk of Fagus sylvatica in a small opening in Fagus sylvatica forest, full sun, fully exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.300 m (4.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Partly rotten Fagus sylvatica trunk, 1.8 m off ground, southwest exposed.Place: Next to hunter's cottage above Planina Bala, Bavica valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.Lungwort, Lung Lichen, DE: Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Oct. 15. 2016Lat.: 46.34315 Long.: 13.71151Code: Bot_1018/2016_DSC5742File names: from Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_60 to Lobaria-pulmonaria_raw_69.Habitat: Mixed alpine forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; quite sunny place since the surrounding forest was mostly cut down a few years ago; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.180 m (3.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a large Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, above village Na Skali, near the dirt road to Dol pod Plazmi place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lobaria pulmonaria is very beautiful and one of the largest lichens of Slovenia. It is the most beautiful after a few rainy days. Then dry it is brownish or dull green, but when moist it becomes shiny green. Since it is very sensitive to air pollution it is in sharp decline in Europe and hence protected in many countries. As such it is used as an indicator of rich, healthy and undisturbed ecosystems. Lobaria pulmonaria can be quite common in its ideal habitat; however, actually it is quite a rare find nowadays, particularly in low-land industrial countries. It occurs most often in shady environments. Green algae give Lobaria pulmonaria its bright green appearance. The underside of this lichen is whitish with pockets of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Hence this species is an association of three much different living beings: fungus and two kinds of algae.Its main method of reproducing is by tiny granule-like isidia or soredia, which develop on the edges of its talus (Fig. 63), eventually break off and fall on ground or in crevices of three bank, where they can grow into new lichen. Sometimes Lobaria pulmonaria also has spore-producing structures called apothecia that spread fungal spores. But apothecia are very rarely observed.Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 255.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 561.

Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Sept. 3. 2012Lat.: 46.34563 Long.: 13.73455Code: Bot_653/2012_IMG0954 Habitat: Mixed, old predominantly Picea abies mountain forest, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, quite humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.380 m (4.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: live Carpinus betulus.Place: Dol pod Plazmi, west of Lepo pije ridge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Growing in groups, many species. Several large moist (after rain) thalli with isidia, soralia as well as with fairly rare apothecia in Europe. The tree trunk was covered by the lichen from ground to up to 4 m (12 feet) above the ground. Peltigera sp. present on the same trunk. Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 255.