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Slo.: zlati rjavek - syn.: syn.: Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia olivacea var. subaurifera (Nyl.) O.J. Rich., Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. - Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; colluvial, calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of small branches and twigs of a stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. Comment: Melanelixia subaurifera is a rather small, only a few cm in diameter, adpressed, thin, matt and brown lichen. When dry and growing on brown, rough tree bark it requires some attention to be spotted. When damp, after rain, it becomes olive green and shinier and hence quite conspicuous. It is a widely distributed all over the world and on many places a common lichen. Habitus of the find seems quite convincing for Melanelixia subaurifera. Optional similar species Melanelixia subargentifera was abandoned because I was able to find neither tiny cortical hairs toward lobe margins and ends (Ref.1) nor purine on the thallus (Ref.5). The lichens were not found on tree's trunk or at the base of it (Ref.2), but rather on small twigs, which doesn't match to Melanelixia subargentifera. However, Melanelixia can be easily confused also with brown species of Xanthoparmelia species. Morphological differences are small, however, chemistry is different. My determination is not completely reliable because no chemical tests have been done. Naming of this species is also to some extent questionable. Index Fungorum keeps the name Melanelixia subaurifera as a synonym of 'current name' Melanelia subaurifera, while MycoBank claims the opposite. It seems to me that recent references mostly follow MycoBank. Lichens of this observation were photographed in damp state. Many specimens were found on this tree. Captures: Overgrown/Shown with Xanthoria parietina. Ref.: (1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 572. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 656. (as Parmelia subaurifera) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 264. (as Melanelia subaurifera) (4) http://lichenportal.org/portal/imagelib/imgdetails.php?imgid=192575 (accessed May 22. 2018) podobne slike (5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 439. (as Melanelia subaurifera) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Melanelixia%20subaurifera slika (7) http://dbiodbs.units.it/italic/chiavi_pub25?usr=admin&n=716&specie=1149&ita=slo&log1=&log2=&link1=&link2=&banno1=banner_big_siitLichenislo.jpg&banno2=banner_small_siitLichenislo.jpg&des_no=note&lecca=italic slika opis
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Slo.: zlati rjavek - syn.: syn.: Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia olivacea var. subaurifera (Nyl.) O.J. Rich., Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. - Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; colluvial, calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of small branches and twigs of a stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. Comment: Melanelixia subaurifera is a rather small, only a few cm in diameter, adpressed, thin, matt and brown lichen. When dry and growing on brown, rough tree bark it requires some attention to be spotted. When damp, after rain, it becomes olive green and shinier and hence quite conspicuous. It is a widely distributed all over the world and on many places a common lichen. Habitus of the find seems quite convincing for Melanelixia subaurifera. Optional similar species Melanelixia subargentifera was abandoned because I was able to find neither tiny cortical hairs toward lobe margins and ends (Ref.1) nor purine on the thallus (Ref.5). The lichens were not found on tree's trunk or at the base of it (Ref.2), but rather on small twigs, which doesn't match to Melanelixia subargentifera. However, Melanelixia can be easily confused also with brown species of Xanthoparmelia species. Morphological differences are small, however, chemistry is different. My determination is not completely reliable because no chemical tests have been done. Naming of this species is also to some extent questionable. Index Fungorum keeps the name Melanelixia subaurifera as a synonym of 'current name' Melanelia subaurifera, while MycoBank claims the opposite. It seems to me that recent references mostly follow MycoBank. Lichens of this observation were photographed in damp state. Many specimens were found on this tree. Captures: Overgrown/Shown with Xanthoria parietina. Ref.: (1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 572. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 656. (as Parmelia subaurifera) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 264. (as Melanelia subaurifera) (4) http://lichenportal.org/portal/imagelib/imgdetails.php?imgid=192575 (accessed May 22. 2018) podobne slike (5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 439. (as Melanelia subaurifera) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Melanelixia%20subaurifera slika (7) http://dbiodbs.units.it/italic/chiavi_pub25?usr=admin&n=716&specie=1149&ita=slo&log1=&log2=&link1=&link2=&banno1=banner_big_siitLichenislo.jpg&banno2=banner_small_siitLichenislo.jpg&des_no=note&lecca=italic slika opis
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Slo.: zlati rjavek - syn.: syn.: Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia olivacea var. subaurifera (Nyl.) O.J. Rich., Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. - Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; colluvial, calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of small branches and twigs of a stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. Comment: Melanelixia subaurifera is a rather small, only a few cm in diameter, adpressed, thin, matt and brown lichen. When dry and growing on brown, rough tree bark it requires some attention to be spotted. When damp, after rain, it becomes olive green and shinier and hence quite conspicuous. It is a widely distributed all over the world and on many places a common lichen. Habitus of the find seems quite convincing for Melanelixia subaurifera. Optional similar species Melanelixia subargentifera was abandoned because I was able to find neither tiny cortical hairs toward lobe margins and ends (Ref.1) nor purine on the thallus (Ref.5). The lichens were not found on tree's trunk or at the base of it (Ref.2), but rather on small twigs, which doesn't match to Melanelixia subargentifera. However, Melanelixia can be easily confused also with brown species of Xanthoparmelia species. Morphological differences are small, however, chemistry is different. My determination is not completely reliable because no chemical tests have been done. Naming of this species is also to some extent questionable. Index Fungorum keeps the name Melanelixia subaurifera as a synonym of 'current name' Melanelia subaurifera, while MycoBank claims the opposite. It seems to me that recent references mostly follow MycoBank. Lichens of this observation were photographed in damp state. Many specimens were found on this tree. Captures: Overgrown/Shown with Xanthoria parietina. Ref.: (1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 572. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 656. (as Parmelia subaurifera) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 264. (as Melanelia subaurifera) (4) http://lichenportal.org/portal/imagelib/imgdetails.php?imgid=192575 (accessed May 22. 2018) podobne slike (5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 439. (as Melanelia subaurifera) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Melanelixia%20subaurifera slika (7) http://dbiodbs.units.it/italic/chiavi_pub25?usr=admin&n=716&specie=1149&ita=slo&log1=&log2=&link1=&link2=&banno1=banner_big_siitLichenislo.jpg&banno2=banner_small_siitLichenislo.jpg&des_no=note&lecca=italic slika opis
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Slo.: zlati rjavek - syn.: syn.: Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia olivacea var. subaurifera (Nyl.) O.J. Rich., Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. - Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; colluvial, calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of small branches and twigs of a stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. Comment: Melanelixia subaurifera is a rather small, only a few cm in diameter, adpressed, thin, matt and brown lichen. When dry and growing on brown, rough tree bark it requires some attention to be spotted. When damp, after rain, it becomes olive green and shinier and hence quite conspicuous. It is a widely distributed all over the world and on many places a common lichen. Habitus of the find seems quite convincing for Melanelixia subaurifera. Optional similar species Melanelixia subargentifera was abandoned because I was able to find neither tiny cortical hairs toward lobe margins and ends (Ref.1) nor purine on the thallus (Ref.5). The lichens were not found on tree's trunk or at the base of it (Ref.2), but rather on small twigs, which doesn't match to Melanelixia subargentifera. However, Melanelixia can be easily confused also with brown species of Xanthoparmelia species. Morphological differences are small, however, chemistry is different. My determination is not completely reliable because no chemical tests have been done. Naming of this species is also to some extent questionable. Index Fungorum keeps the name Melanelixia subaurifera as a synonym of 'current name' Melanelia subaurifera, while MycoBank claims the opposite. It seems to me that recent references mostly follow MycoBank. Lichens of this observation were photographed in damp state. Many specimens were found on this tree. Captures: Overgrown/Shown with Xanthoria parietina. Ref.: (1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 572. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 656. (as Parmelia subaurifera) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 264. (as Melanelia subaurifera) (4) http://lichenportal.org/portal/imagelib/imgdetails.php?imgid=192575 (accessed May 22. 2018) podobne slike (5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 439. (as Melanelia subaurifera) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Melanelixia%20subaurifera slika (7) http://dbiodbs.units.it/italic/chiavi_pub25?usr=admin&n=716&specie=1149&ita=slo&log1=&log2=&link1=&link2=&banno1=banner_big_siitLichenislo.jpg&banno2=banner_small_siitLichenislo.jpg&des_no=note&lecca=italic slika opis
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Slo.: napihnjena hipogimnija - syn.: Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach., Menegazzia physodes (L.) Navs, - Habitat: mountain pasture with a standalone group of three Larix decidua trees, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; open, sunny, relatively warm place; calcareous colluvial, skeletal ground; partly protected from direct rain precipitations by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: thin dry branch of Larix decidua. Comment: Hypogymnia physodes is one of the most common lichens in the region. In Trenta valley one can find it most often on branches and trunks of conifers, particularly of solitary or in small group standing Larix decidua trees. Sometimes the trees appear grayish from far because of it. It grows almost everywhere on different substrata including trees, rocks, moss, heather stems, etc.. Because it is present almost everywhere and medium sensitive for air pollution, it plays a major role in such studies. It excellently 'measures' air pollution with heavy metals. My pictures show the lichen in almost dry state, however, the Picture 2 shows the same specimen as the Picture 1, but after a rainy day. The color of the lichen changes significantly from bluish to greenish.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 428.(2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 438.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 192.
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Slo.: napihnjena hipogimnija - syn.: Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach., Menegazzia physodes (L.) Navs, - Habitat: mountain pasture with a standalone group of three Larix decidua trees, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; open, sunny, relatively warm place; calcareous colluvial, skeletal ground; partly protected from direct rain precipitations by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: thin dry branch of Larix decidua. Comment: Hypogymnia physodes is one of the most common lichens in the region. In Trenta valley one can find it most often on branches and trunks of conifers, particularly of solitary or in small group standing Larix decidua trees. Sometimes the trees appear grayish from far because of it. It grows almost everywhere on different substrata including trees, rocks, moss, heather stems, etc.. Because it is present almost everywhere and medium sensitive for air pollution, it plays a major role in such studies. It excellently 'measures' air pollution with heavy metals. My pictures show the lichen in almost dry state, however, the Picture 2 shows the same specimen as the Picture 1, but after a rainy day. The color of the lichen changes significantly from bluish to greenish. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 428. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 438. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 192.
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Slo.: napihnjena hipogimnija - syn.: Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach., Menegazzia physodes (L.) Navs, - Habitat: mountain pasture with a standalone group of three Larix decidua trees, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; open, sunny, relatively warm place; calcareous colluvial, skeletal ground; partly protected from direct rain precipitations by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: thin dry branch of Larix decidua. Comment: Hypogymnia physodes is one of the most common lichens in the region. In Trenta valley one can find it most often on branches and trunks of conifers, particularly of solitary or in small group standing Larix decidua trees. Sometimes the trees appear grayish from far because of it. It grows almost everywhere on different substrata including trees, rocks, moss, heather stems, etc.. Because it is present almost everywhere and medium sensitive for air pollution, it plays a major role in such studies. It excellently 'measures' air pollution with heavy metals. My pictures show the lichen in almost dry state, however, the Picture 2 shows the same specimen as the Picture 1, but after a rainy day. The color of the lichen changes significantly from bluish to greenish. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 428. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 438. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 192.
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Slo.: napihnjena hipogimnija - syn.: Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach., Menegazzia physodes (L.) Navs, - Habitat: mountain pasture with a standalone group of three Larix decidua trees, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; open, sunny, relatively warm place; calcareous colluvial, skeletal ground; partly protected from direct rain precipitations by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: thin dry branch of Larix decidua. Comment: Hypogymnia physodes is one of the most common lichens in the region. In Trenta valley one can find it most often on branches and trunks of conifers, particularly of solitary or in small group standing Larix decidua trees. Sometimes the trees appear grayish from far because of it. It grows almost everywhere on different substrata including trees, rocks, moss, heather stems, etc.. Because it is present almost everywhere and medium sensitive for air pollution, it plays a major role in such studies. It excellently 'measures' air pollution with heavy metals. My pictures show the lichen in almost dry state, however, the Picture 2 shows the same specimen as the Picture 1, but after a rainy day. The color of the lichen changes significantly from bluish to greenish. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 428. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 438. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 192.
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Slo.: napihnjena hipogimnija - syn.: Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach., Menegazzia physodes (L.) Navs, - Habitat: mountain pasture with a standalone group of three Larix decidua trees, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; open, sunny, relatively warm place; calcareous colluvial, skeletal ground; partly protected from direct rain precipitations by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: thin dry branch of Larix decidua. Comment: Hypogymnia physodes is one of the most common lichens in the region. In Trenta valley one can find it most often on branches and trunks of conifers, particularly of solitary or in small group standing Larix decidua trees. Sometimes the trees appear grayish from far because of it. It grows almost everywhere on different substrata including trees, rocks, moss, heather stems, etc.. Because it is present almost everywhere and medium sensitive for air pollution, it plays a major role in such studies. It excellently 'measures' air pollution with heavy metals. My pictures show the lichen in almost dry state, however, the Picture 2 shows the same specimen as the Picture 1, but after a rainy day. The color of the lichen changes significantly from bluish to greenish. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 428. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 438. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 192.
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Slo.: napihnjena hipogimnija - syn.: Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach., Menegazzia physodes (L.) Navs, - Habitat: mountain pasture with a standalone group of three Larix decidua trees, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; open, sunny, relatively warm place; calcareous colluvial, skeletal ground; partly protected from direct rain precipitations by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: thin dry branch of Larix decidua. Comment: Hypogymnia physodes is one of the most common lichens in the region. In Trenta valley one can find it most often on branches and trunks of conifers, particularly of solitary or in small group standing Larix decidua trees. Sometimes the trees appear grayish from far because of it. It grows almost everywhere on different substrata including trees, rocks, moss, heather stems, etc.. Because it is present almost everywhere and medium sensitive for air pollution, it plays a major role in such studies. It excellently 'measures' air pollution with heavy metals. My pictures show the lichen in almost dry state, however, the Picture 2 shows the same specimen as the Picture 1, but after a rainy day. The color of the lichen changes significantly from bluish to greenish. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 428. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 438. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 192.
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2005 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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Slo.: ? - Habitat: wood-side, mostly in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, 1,5 m above ground, flat terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: NW faced Quercus robur bark
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Slo.: ? - Habitat: wood-side, mostly in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, 1,5 m above ground, flat terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: NW faced Quercus robur bark
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Slo.: ? - Habitat: wood-side, mostly in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, 1,5 m above ground, flat terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: NW faced Quercus robur bark
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Slo.: ? - Habitat: wood-side, mostly in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, 1,5 m above ground, flat terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: NW faced Quercus robur bark
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Slo.: ? - Habitat: wood-side, mostly in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, 1,5 m above ground, flat terrain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: NW faced Quercus robur bark