Monocotyledons

Figure 5. A−DMuhlenbergiacoerulea (Griseb.) Mez A habit B culm and panicle C ligule D spikelet E−KMuhlenbergiacoerulea (Griseb.) Mez × Muhlenbergiarigida (Kunth) Kunth E culm and panicle F spikelet G floret H glumes I lemma J paleas, dorsal and ventral view K lodicules, stamens, and pistil. A−D drawn from P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng & J. Montoya Quino 21957 (US) E−K drawn from P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 14860 (US).

Figure 6. A−CMuhlenbergiacoerulea (Griseb.) Mez A habit B panicle C spikelet D−FMuhlenbergiarigida (Kunth) Kunth D habit E panicle F spikelet. Drawings from Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009), Peterson and Giraldo-Cañas (2011). A−C drawn from S.G. Beck 7700 (LPB) D drawn from P.M. Peterson 9659 (US) E, F drawn from P.M. Peterson, C.R. Annable & J. Valdés-Reyna 10876 (US).

Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.

Figure 7. A−DMuhlenbergiadiversiglumis Trin A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E−HMuhlenbergiamicrosperma (DC.) Kunth E habit F ligule G glumes H lemma. Drawings from Peterson and Annable (1991)A−D drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4158 (WS) F−H drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4185 (WS).

Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.

Figure 5. Disporumkawakamii. A habit B underground part C leaf adaxial surface C’ leaf abaxial surface D inflorescence E flower F flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) G tepal outer surface G’ tepal inner surface H stamen I pistil J fruit K seeds.

Figure 6. Disporumkawakamii. A habitat B habit C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower G flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) H tepal outer surface I tepal inner surface J stamen K pistil L fruits.

Figure 7. Disporumsessilevar.intermedium. A habit B leaf adaxial surface B’ leaf abaxial surface C flower D flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) E tepal outer surface F tepal inner surface G stamen H pistil I fruit.

Figure 8. Disporumsessilevar.intermedium. A habitat B habit C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower G flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) H tepal outer surface I tepal inner surface J stamen K pistil.

Figure 9. Disporumshimadae. A habit B leaf adaxial surface B’ leaf abaxial surface C inflorescence D flower E flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) F tepal outer surface F’ tepal inner surface G stamen H pistil I fruit J seeds.

Figure 10. Disporumshimadae. A habitat B habit C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower G flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) H tepal outer surface I tepal inner surface J stamen K pistil L fruits.

Figure 1.Flower development in Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. A, B Root system, with young flowering stalk developing (arrowed). C–H Developing flower, photographed over a 17-day period (10th, 14th, 16th, 19th, 23rd and 27th May, respectively) (S.S. Mar 1, HK). I, J Post-fertilization flower, showing abscission of perianth tube. Photos by S.S. Mar.

Figure 2.Flower structure in Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. A Mature flower, showing outer tepals (ot), inner tepals (it) and abscission zone (ab) at the base of the perianth tube. B Entire plant (S.S. Mar 1, HK). C Perianth tube with annulus (a), following removal of the proximal face of the tube, exposing pendent stamens with filament (f), thecae (th), connective (c) and lateral appendage (la) (S.S. Mar 2, HK). D Inner face of perianth tube, showing network patterning and putative nectaries (arrowed) (S.S. Mar 2, HK). Scale bars: A, D = 2 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 1 mm. Photos: A, B S.S. Mar; C, D R.M.K. Saunders.

Figure 3.Fruit structure in Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. A Flower (rear right), immature fruit, shortly after fertilization (left), and mature fruit with exposed seeds (front). B Two fruiting individuals, each with three fruits. C Lateral view of fruiting specimen, illustrating elongated fruit stalk. D Mature fruit with exposed seeds. E Dehydrated fruit. F Rehydrated fruit, after rainfall. Photos by S.S. Mar.

Figure 4.Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. (S.S. Mar 2, HK). A Entire flower. B Flower with proximal part of perianth tube removed, showing pendent stamens. C Apex of the perianth tube, showing annulus (a) and pendent stamens, with filament (f), thecae (th), lateral appendage (la), and aperture (ap) between filaments. D Longitudinal section through fused carpels. Scale bars: A, B, D = 2 mm; C = 1 mm. Drawings by Caren Pearl Shin.