Ceratothoa guttata (Richardson 1910)

Ceratothoa guttata (Richardson, 1910)

Meinertia guttata Richardson, 1910:20–21, fig. 19.

Codonophilus guttatus.—Nierstrasz, 1931:132.

Meinertia venusta Avdeev, 1978:30–32, fig. 1.

Ceratothoa venusta.—Avdeev, 1981:1160, 1164, fig. 3 [part].

MATERIAL.—INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar: Ex Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson), ovigerous , 20.0 mm (USNM 216589). PACIFIC OCEAN: Taiwan: Off Keelung, ex Parexocoetus brachypterus, coll. H. Teng, 6 Jun 1957, ovigerous , 23.0 mm and , 5.8 mm (USNM 216587). Philippines: Jolo Island, from mouths of flying fish, coll. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Albatross Philippine Expedition 1907–1909, 7 Feb 1908, 4 ovigerous , 14.5, 14.8, 16.4, 18.6 mm; 2 non-ovigerous , 15.5 and ∼16.5 mm; 3 , 5.5, 6.0, 7.4 mm; 100+ mancas (all syntypes, USNM 40914). Jolo Island, from mouths of Parexocoetus brachypterus, coll. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Albatross Philippine Expedition 1907–1909, 7 Feb 1908, 4 ovigerous , 15.0, 17.5, 18.8, 19.2 mm; 1 broken ; 1 broken non-ovigerous ; 6 , 5.4, 5.5, 5.5, 5.6, 6.0, 6.5 mm (USNM 216588). Australia: Queensland, Gulf of Carpentaria, off Mornington Island, from mouth of Parexocoetus brachypterus, coll. A. Harris, 16 Mar 1983, ovigerous , 14.5 mm, CSIRO (QM W11752).

TYPES.—Syntype series, USNM 40914.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Jolo Island, Philippines, ∼5°58′N, 121°06′E.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Body about 2.7 times longer than wide, widest at pereonite 5; pereonite 1 longest, pereonites 2–6 about equal in length, pereonite 7 less than half (0.38) length of pereonite 6; median broad longitudinal ridge runs from pereonite 2–5 or 6. Cephalon with posterolateral margins weakly overlapped by anterolateral margins of pereonite 1; anterior margin produced to form narrowly rounded rostrum; eyes small. Pereonite 1 narrower than pereonite 2, anterolateral margins weakly produced anteriorly, weak dorsal depression at angle formed by indentation of anterior margin. Pereonites 2 and 3 with dorsolateral bosses; coxae large, all shorter than segments; coxa on one side of pereonite 7 much smaller than opposite coxa. Pleon short, about 12% of total body length; pleonite 1 narrow; all pleonites visible, subequal in length; pleonite 5 wider than pleotelson anterior margin, posterior margin with 2 ill-defined submedian lobes. Pleotelson 0.72 as long as wide, subrectangular, posterior margin with median emargination.

Antennule robust, composed of 7 articles, first 3 of which are long, expanded, and flattened. Antenna less robust, composed of 8 articles, first 4 of which are long.

Labrum small, set posterior to antennal bases; mandible palps lie anterior to labrum. Mandible incisor robust, palp prominent, greatly extending beyond incisor, articles 1 and 2 fused. Maxillule with 1 broad-based and 3 slender spines. Maxilla endopod and lateral lobe each with 4 recurved spines. Maxilliped composed of 3 articles and obscurely segmented basal article; article 1 with laminar oostegital lobe, second oostegital lobe arises from basal article; palp article 3 oval, with 2 spines.

Pereopod 1 robust, basis rectangular; merus less than half length of ischium, posterior margin dilated; carpus short, triangular; propodus about equal to combined lengths of merus and carpus, palm straight. Pereopods 2 and 3 longer than pereopod 1, all articles proportionally more slender, merus not expanded. Pereopods 4–7 basis with posterior expansion, becoming progressively larger toward posterior. Pereopods 5–7 ischium anterior margin dilated, merus set into lateral side of ischium; carpus short, triangular. Brood pouch made up of 5 pairs of alternately overlapping oostegites; those arising from sternite 1 not forming part of egg chamber but lie flat over mouthparts; remaining oostegites arise from sternites 2, 3, 4, and 6.

Pleopods all lamellar, all rami except pleopod 1 endopod with 2 marked depressions; all peduncles without developed lobes; pleopods 3–5 endopods with weakly developed proximomedial lobe. Pleopod 1 largest, curves laterally and dorsally to partly cover lateral margins of pleon, covers other pleopods; endopod much smaller than exopod; pleopods 2–5 becoming much smaller toward posterior. Uropod short, held under posterior margin of pleotelson, rami curve medially, subequal in length, apices narrowly rounded to acute.

DESCRIPTION OF MALE.—Much smaller than female, body straight with smoothly arched dorsum. Coxae all as long as segment. Pleon very narrow, pleonite 1 distinctly narrower than others. Pereopod 1 merus not dilated, carpus proportionally longer than in female; pereopods 1–3 similar. Pereopods 5–7 similar, basis with anterior expansion, ischium not dilated. Mandible palp with 3 unfused articles, article 3 with setae. Maxilla endopod and lateral lobe each with 2 recurved spines. Maxilliped without basal article, article 3 narrow with 2 terminal stout recurved spines. Pleopods simple, without folds or depressions; peduncles longer than in female. Pleopod 2 without appendix masculina. Pleopods 1–5 progressively decreasing in size.

COLOR.—The syntypes have faded and lack color; the topotypic series and the more recent material from Madagascar and Taiwan show a dense covering of chromatophores over the anterior segments and their appendages which lessens toward the posterior. Pereonite 7, pleon, and pleotelson are virtually without chromatophores.

SIZE.—Ovigerous females between 14.5 and 23.0 mm, non-ovigerous females between 15.5 and ∼16.5 mm, males between 5.4 and 7.4 mm.

VARIATION.—Non-ovigerous females lack the oostegital lobe of the maxilliped, but the maxilliped structure is the same. Not all females have the coxae of pereonites 5–7 laterally and dorsally displaced, this being restricted to females with mancas near release.

DISTRIBUTION.—Red Sea; Madagascar; Taiwan; Philippines; Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia.

Ceratothoa retusa (Schioedte and Meinert, 1883), new combination

Cymothoa (Ceratothoa) retusa Schioedte and Meinert in Hilgendorf, 1879:847 [nomen nudum].

Cteatessa retusa Schioedte and Meinert, 1883:297–299, pl. 11, figs.11–13.—Stebbing, 1910b:424.—Barnard, 1925:393.—Nierstrasz, 1931:131.—Kensley, 1978:80, fig. 32G, H.—Trilles, 1986:625, fig. 2a [from Schioedte and Meinert].

Codonophilus hemiramphi Pillai, 1954:14–15.

MATERIAL.—INDIAN OCEAN: Mozambique: Host unknown (MHUB 1 708), leg. W. Peters, ovigerous , 33.8 mm (syntype). South Africa: Durban Bay, ex Hemirhamphus far (Forsskål) (SAM-A6063), coll. H.W. Bell-Marley, 1919, ovigerous in 2 pieces, estimated length 31.5 mm (33 mm, Barnard, 1925) and , 10.7 mm (12 mm, Barnard, 1925). PACIFIC OCEAN: West Irian (formerly Dutch New Guinea): Ex Hemiramphus far (AM I-1339), with empty marsupium, 27.5 mm and , 9.1 mm (USNM 235308). Australia: Northern Territory, Coburg Peninsula, Point Danger, ex tongue Hemiramphus far (NTM Cr. 002318), coll. B.C. Russell and H. Larson, 30 Apr 1982, non-ovigerous , 22.8 mm. Northern Territory, Gulf of Carpentaria, Groote Eylandt area, ex Hemiramphus robustus Günther (NTM Cr. 002319), coll. Northern Territory Fisheries, 4 Mar 1983, non-ovigerous , 22.3 mm.

TYPES.—Syntypes, Stockholm Museum, 2 from Durban (“Port Natal”); Berlin Museum, 1 from Mozambique (figured by Schioedte and Meinert, 1883, pl. 11, figs. 11–13).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Length/width: Mozambique 3.2, West Irian 2.1, Point Danger 2.3, Durban 2.9, Groote Eylandt 3.2. Width, including coxae, greatest at pereonite 6. Cephalon triangular, narrowly rounded or (in Mozambique and Durban specimens) pointed anteriorly. Eyes small, outlines vague, poorly pigmented, sometimes covered by shoulders of pereonite 1. Pereonite 1 dorsum concave on either side of cephalon, lateral margin elevated into ridge recurving medially. Pereonite 1 longest; pereonites 2–4 subequal, about half length of pereonite 1; pereonites 5–7 progressively shorter; coxae with dorsal process curved medially, better developed on posterior pereonites. Length of pleon as percent of total length: Mozambique 12.4, West Irian 15.6, Point Danger 20.2, Durban 14.3, Groote Eylandt 15.4. All pleonites visible; pleonites 1–4 subequal in length; pleonite 5 distinctly longer, wider than pleotelson anterior margin. Pleotelson length/width: Mozambique 0.54, West Irian 0.29, Point Danger 0.39, Durban 0.41, Groote Eylandt 0.47; lateral margins evenly rounded, not bulging; posterior margin shallowly emarginate.

Antennule composed of 7 articles; first 3 articles expanded, flattened; last 3 articles may be fused. Antennule of Mozambique syntype composed of 4 articles, distal articles partly fused. Antenna about as long as antennule, more slender, composed of 6–9 articles depending on extent of fusion of distal articles.

Labrum forming U-shaped arch around mouth. Articles of mandibular palp all distinct; 3rd article with 2 blunt apical spines. Maxillule with 2 longer and 2 shorter curved apical spines. Maxilla with partly fused medial and lateral lobes armed with 6 and 10 or more recurved spines respectively. Maxilliped article 3 with 2 curved apical spines and 2 small straight spines on medial margin.

Pereopod 1 robust, basis rectangular; merus about half length of ischium, somewhat expanded posteriorly; carpus short, subtriangular; propodus slightly shorter than combined lengths of merus and carpus, palm straight. Pereopods 2–4 much longer than pereopod 1; all articles proportionally more slender, merus not expanded, dactyls very long. Pereopods 5–7 with basis expanded posteriorly, expansion progressively larger posteriorly.

Pleopods decreasing in size posteriorly; rami with 2 depressions separated by oblique ridge. Uropod rami longer than peduncle, oval, narrowing slightly distally; curving slightly medially; rami subequal in length, or 1 ramus (outer or inner) slightly longer than other.

DESCRIPTION OF MALE.—Length/width: West Irian 2.5, Durban 3.0. Cephalon more rounded than in . Eyes well developed, fully pigmented. Pereonite 1 shoulders narrower and shorter than in . Pereonites 2–6 subequal in width, pereonite 7 slightly narrower. Length of pleon as percent total length: West Irian 17.2, Durban 15.8. Pleotelson relatively longer; length/width: West Irian 0.76, Durban 0.79.

COLOR.—Anterior part varying from tan to nearly black in alcohol. Posterior part much paler, with little or no pigment. Boundary between dark and pale part varies from posterior margin of pereonite 3 to pereonite 5.

SIZE.—Ovigerous females between 27.5 and 33.8 mm, non-ovigerous females between 22.3 and 31 mm, males between 9.1 and 10.7 mm.

VARIATION.—The cephalon is most pointed in the South African female, least in the Point Danger female. The shoulders of pereonite 1 are broadest and most elevated laterally in the West Irian female, less so in the Point Danger female, and least in the South African and Groote Eylandt females. Recurving of the coxae is most strongly developed in the West Irian female. The merus of pereopod 1 and 2 is most inflated in the South African female.