dcsimg

Description

provided by AmphibiaWeb articles
Adults have a snout-vent length of 11-20 mm. The head is pointed and a dark band run laterally along the body through each eye. Digits have little webbing, but digital discs are well developed.

Reference

Hoffman, R. L. (1963). ''Pseudacris ocularis.'' Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 209.1-209.2.

license
cc-by-3.0
author
April Robinson
original
visit source
partner site
AmphibiaWeb articles

Distribution and Habitat

provided by AmphibiaWeb articles
Found in the Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to southern Florida. Range extends westward to the Chattahoochee River in Georgia, Houston County in Alabama and the panhandle in Florida.
license
cc-by-3.0
author
April Robinson
original
visit source
partner site
AmphibiaWeb articles

Little grass frog

provided by wikipedia EN

The little grass frog (Pseudacris ocularis) is a species of chorus frog endemic to the Southeastern United States. It is currently the smallest North American anuran and occurs in a wide variety of ephemeral and semi-permanent wetlands.[2]

Description

P. ocularis is the smallest frog in North America, only reaching a maximum head-body length of 19 mm (0.75 in). It is normally pale brown, but can have a green or pink tinge. This species is further characterized by a variable dark stripe which runs through each of the frog's eyes and down the sides of its body. The Latin term ocularis translates to "of the eye" in reference to this bold ocular stripe.[3]

Habitat and feeding

This species occurs in a wide variety of ephemeral and semi-permanent wetlands in the southeastern Coastal Plain and favors grassy areas in and around cypress ponds and similar sites. This species can be used as an indicator of healthy wetlands. In urbanized wetlands P. ocularis is noticeably absent.[4] It is commonly found on lower tree trunks and foliage up to a height of 1 m or more; males prefer these sites as calling perches. However, they spend a considerable amount of their foraging time on the ground.[5] This species possesses the ability to rotate its head and neck more than other frog species, which is thought to aid in searching for prey or looking for a more suitable perch before leaping.[6] The majority of food items consist of arthropods that are associated with leaf litter and/or soil—springtails, ants, thrips, palpigrades, etc.[7] There has been some recorded research showing that adults have fed on large roaches, walking sticks, and mites.[8]

Reproduction

To gain a female's attention, males will remain perched on top of grass stems or tree trunks and call. This calling is most often compared to high insect-like chirps.[9] P. ocularis The little Grass Frog breeds in shallow, fish free wetlands, including cypress domes, marshes, bogs, wet prairies, wet flatwoods, and floodplain forests [10] generally breeds from January to September in most of their range, but can breed year-round in Florida. Females can generally reproduce more than once per annual cycle. The eggs will usually be laid on a pond bottom or vegetation in shallow water.[11] Females lay up to 200 eggs with 1-5 eggs per cluster. Eggs take 1–2 days to hatch and larvae take 7–70 days to metamorphose.[12]

Behavior

The little grass frog's call has 2 call components (pure tone followed by a train of pulses) which is unique in Family Hylidae.[13] P. ocularis is often active both day and night and can be active year-round in some parts of their range.[14]

Predators and predator avoidance

The little grass frog has a few defensive mechanisms to avoid predation. Despite their small size, they can jump about 20 times their body length which can help them escape predators.[15] Their coloration also provides them with a great advantage. They have a cryptic coloration similar to the vegetation in the areas in which they live. The dark stripes through their eye and along their sides are also thought to help break-up their outline to more visual predators.[16] Some common predators are fish, larger frogs, and snakes. [17]

References

  1. ^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Pseudacris ocularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T55895A64855914. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T55895A64855914.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Marshall, Jeremey, M.; Camp, Carlos, D. (1995). "Aspects of the Feeding Ecology of the Little Grass Frog, Pseudacris ocularis (Anura: Hylidae)". Brimleyana. 22: 1–7.
  3. ^ "Wright, Albert Hazen, and Wright, Anna Allen. Handbook of Frogs and Toads of the United States and Canada. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Company, 1949. 640 p. $6.50". Science Education. 33 (4): 309. October 1949. doi:10.1002/sce.3730330466. ISSN 0036-8326.
  4. ^ Guzy, Jacquelyn C.; McCoy, Earl D.; Deyle, Anna C.; Gonzalez, Shannon M.; Halstead, Neal; Mushinsky, Henry R. (2012-07-17). "Urbanization interferes with the use of amphibians as indicators of ecological integrity of wetlands". Journal of Applied Ecology. 49 (4): 941–952. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02172.x. ISSN 0021-8901.
  5. ^ "Aspects-of-the-feeding Ecology of the little grass frog" (PDF).
  6. ^ Harper, F. (1939). Distribution, taxonomy, nomenclature, and habits of the little tree-frog (Hyla ocularis). The American Midland Naturalist, 22(1), 134-149.
  7. ^ Marshall, Jeremy, L.; Camp, Carlos (1995). "Aspects of the Feeding Ecology of the Little Grass Frog, Pseudacris ocularis (Anura: Hylidae)". Brimleyana. 22: 1–7 – via Research Gate.
  8. ^ Marshall, L. Jeremy, Camp, D. Carlos. (1995). Aspects of the Feeding Ecology of the Little Grass Frog, Pseudacris ocularis (Anura: Hylidae), Brimleyana 22, 1-7.
  9. ^ Harper, F. (1939). Distribution, taxonomy, nomenclature, and habits of the little tree-frog (Hyla ocularis). The American Midland Naturalist, 22(1), 134-149.
  10. ^ Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation. (n.d.). Florida's Frogs. Little Grass Frog. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://ufwildlife.ifas.ufl.edu/frogs/littlegrassfrog.shtml
  11. ^ Kehr, Arturo I. (1997). "Stage frequency and habitat selection of a cohort of Pseudacris ocularis tadpoles (Hylidae: Anura) in a Florida temporary pond". Herpetological Journal. 7 (3): 103–109.
  12. ^ Ethier, J. P., Fayard, A., Soroye, P., Choi, D., Mazerolle, M. J., & Trudeau, V. L. (2021). Life history traits and reproductive ecology of North American chorus frogs of the genus Pseudacris (Hylidae). Frontiers in Zoology, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-021-00425-w
  13. ^ Cocroft, REGINALD B.; Ryan, MICHAEL J. (1995-02-01). "Patterns of advertisement call evolution in toads and chorus frogs". Animal Behaviour. 49 (2): 283–303. doi:10.1006/anbe.1995.0043. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 22713394.
  14. ^ "Virginia Herpetological Society". www.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  15. ^ "Little Grass Frog". herpsofnc.org. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  16. ^ "Virginia Herpetological Society". www.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  17. ^ Babbitt, K. J., & Tanner, G. W. (2000). Use of temporary wetlands by anurans in a hydrologically modified landscape. Wetlands, 20(2), 313-322.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Little grass frog: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The little grass frog (Pseudacris ocularis) is a species of chorus frog endemic to the Southeastern United States. It is currently the smallest North American anuran and occurs in a wide variety of ephemeral and semi-permanent wetlands.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN