Dikarya

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: cinobrasta bradavička - Nectria cinnabarina (conidial state) and Tubercularia vulgaris (perithecial frutification state) - Habitat: South oriented mountain slope, mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Acer, Picea abies and other hardwood trees, calcareous ground, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 500 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead Acer sp. trunk and branches, still in bark. - Comments: Both asexual conidial and perithecial fructification sexual state found, thousands of fruit bodies present. - Spores septated. Dimensions: 19.1 (SD = 2.5) x 7.4 (SD = 1.2) μ, Q = 2.81 (SD = 0.4), n = 30. Motic B2-211A), magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 376. (2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6523~gid~.asp (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 334. (4) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 288. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 598.

Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them.Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me.Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30.(6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.

Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them. Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me. Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.

Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them. Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me. Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.

Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them. Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me. Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.

Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them. Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me. Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.

Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them. Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me. Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.

Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them. Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me. Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.

Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them. Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me. Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.

Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them. Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me. Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.

Slo.: ? - syn.: Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servt, Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Vain., Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Urceolaria scruposa f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Arnold - Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; a patch of stony grassland surrounded by trees and bushes (former pastures), Ostrya carpinifolia and Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, relatively warm, dry and open place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on thallus and podetia of Cladonia cf. pocillum, soil and mosses. Comment: Diploschistes muscorum is an interesting, cosmopolitan lichen living on ground. When young it parasitizes other lichens of Cladonia pyxidata group (Wirth 1995), especially Cladonia rangiformis and Cladonia pocillum (Dobson 2005). In this observation the host seems to be Cladonia pocillum. It gradually incorporates the algae of the host in its own thallus (Brodo 2001) and thus kill it. When mature it becomes free-living on mosses and ground without help of parasitism. It can grow to considerable sizes. This observation shows small, young specimens, max a few cm in diameter. Picture 3 shows a young specimen just becoming fertile, where lowest, outer squamules of the host are still alive and green. Picture 5c shows a podetium of the host thinly overgrown with Diploschistes muscorum thallus. Picture 2 shows an older specimen where no parts of the host can be seen directly, however, the shape of the thallus still resembles to some extent original shape of the Cladonia squamules. Later there is no more resemblance on Cladonia. Growing scattered. Several specimens found in the vicinity. Chemical reaction on thallus K-. Photographed in damp conditions.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 379.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 304.(3) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=52885 (accessed March 20. 2018) (4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 166.(5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 380.(6) P.L. Nimis, Image archive of ITALIC, Dryades Project http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub52 (accessed March 20. 2018)

Slo.: ? - syn.: Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servt, Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Vain., Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Urceolaria scruposa f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Arnold - Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; a patch of stony grassland surrounded by trees and bushes (former pastures), Ostrya carpinifolia and Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, relatively warm, dry and open place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on thallus and podetia of Cladonia cf. pocillum, soil and mosses. Comment: Diploschistes muscorum is an interesting, cosmopolitan lichen living on ground. When young it parasitizes other lichens of Cladonia pyxidata group (Wirth 1995), especially Cladonia rangiformis and Cladonia pocillum (Dobson 2005). In this observation the host seems to be Cladonia pocillum. It gradually incorporates the algae of the host in its own thallus (Brodo 2001) and thus kill it. When mature it becomes free-living on mosses and ground without help of parasitism. It can grow to considerable sizes. This observation shows small, young specimens, max a few cm in diameter. Picture 3 shows a young specimen just becoming fertile, where lowest, outer squamules of the host are still alive and green. Picture 5c shows a podetium of the host thinly overgrown with Diploschistes muscorum thallus. Picture 2 shows an older specimen where no parts of the host can be seen directly, however, the shape of the thallus still resembles to some extent original shape of the Cladonia squamules. Later there is no more resemblance on Cladonia. Growing scattered. Several specimens found in the vicinity. Chemical reaction on thallus K-. Photographed in damp conditions. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 379. (2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 304. (3) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=52885 (accessed March 20. 2018) (4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 166. (5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 380. (6) P.L. Nimis, Image archive of ITALIC, Dryades Project http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub52 (accessed March 20. 2018)

Slo.: ? - syn.: Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servt, Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Vain., Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Urceolaria scruposa f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Arnold - Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; a patch of stony grassland surrounded by trees and bushes (former pastures), Ostrya carpinifolia and Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, relatively warm, dry and open place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on thallus and podetia of Cladonia cf. pocillum, soil and mosses. Comment: Diploschistes muscorum is an interesting, cosmopolitan lichen living on ground. When young it parasitizes other lichens of Cladonia pyxidata group (Wirth 1995), especially Cladonia rangiformis and Cladonia pocillum (Dobson 2005). In this observation the host seems to be Cladonia pocillum. It gradually incorporates the algae of the host in its own thallus (Brodo 2001) and thus kill it. When mature it becomes free-living on mosses and ground without help of parasitism. It can grow to considerable sizes. This observation shows small, young specimens, max a few cm in diameter. Picture 3 shows a young specimen just becoming fertile, where lowest, outer squamules of the host are still alive and green. Picture 5c shows a podetium of the host thinly overgrown with Diploschistes muscorum thallus. Picture 2 shows an older specimen where no parts of the host can be seen directly, however, the shape of the thallus still resembles to some extent original shape of the Cladonia squamules. Later there is no more resemblance on Cladonia. Growing scattered. Several specimens found in the vicinity. Chemical reaction on thallus K-. Photographed in damp conditions. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 379. (2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 304. (3) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=52885 (accessed March 20. 2018) (4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 166. (5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 380. (6) P.L. Nimis, Image archive of ITALIC, Dryades Project http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub52 (accessed March 20. 2018)

Slo.: ? - syn.: Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servt, Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Vain., Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Urceolaria scruposa f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Arnold - Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; a patch of stony grassland surrounded by trees and bushes (former pastures), Ostrya carpinifolia and Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, relatively warm, dry and open place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on thallus and podetia of Cladonia cf. pocillum, soil and mosses. Comment: Diploschistes muscorum is an interesting, cosmopolitan lichen living on ground. When young it parasitizes other lichens of Cladonia pyxidata group (Wirth 1995), especially Cladonia rangiformis and Cladonia pocillum (Dobson 2005). In this observation the host seems to be Cladonia pocillum. It gradually incorporates the algae of the host in its own thallus (Brodo 2001) and thus kill it. When mature it becomes free-living on mosses and ground without help of parasitism. It can grow to considerable sizes. This observation shows small, young specimens, max a few cm in diameter. Picture 3 shows a young specimen just becoming fertile, where lowest, outer squamules of the host are still alive and green. Picture 5c shows a podetium of the host thinly overgrown with Diploschistes muscorum thallus. Picture 2 shows an older specimen where no parts of the host can be seen directly, however, the shape of the thallus still resembles to some extent original shape of the Cladonia squamules. Later there is no more resemblance on Cladonia. Growing scattered. Several specimens found in the vicinity. Chemical reaction on thallus K-. Photographed in damp conditions. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 379. (2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 304. (3) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=52885 (accessed March 20. 2018) (4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 166. (5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 380. (6) P.L. Nimis, Image archive of ITALIC, Dryades Project http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub52 (accessed March 20. 2018)

Slo.: ? - syn.: Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servt, Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Vain., Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Urceolaria scruposa f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Arnold - Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; a patch of stony grassland surrounded by trees and bushes (former pastures), Ostrya carpinifolia and Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, relatively warm, dry and open place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on thallus and podetia of Cladonia cf. pocillum, soil and mosses. Comment: Diploschistes muscorum is an interesting, cosmopolitan lichen living on ground. When young it parasitizes other lichens of Cladonia pyxidata group (Wirth 1995), especially Cladonia rangiformis and Cladonia pocillum (Dobson 2005). In this observation the host seems to be Cladonia pocillum. It gradually incorporates the algae of the host in its own thallus (Brodo 2001) and thus kill it. When mature it becomes free-living on mosses and ground without help of parasitism. It can grow to considerable sizes. This observation shows small, young specimens, max a few cm in diameter. Picture 3 shows a young specimen just becoming fertile, where lowest, outer squamules of the host are still alive and green. Picture 5c shows a podetium of the host thinly overgrown with Diploschistes muscorum thallus. Picture 2 shows an older specimen where no parts of the host can be seen directly, however, the shape of the thallus still resembles to some extent original shape of the Cladonia squamules. Later there is no more resemblance on Cladonia. Growing scattered. Several specimens found in the vicinity. Chemical reaction on thallus K-. Photographed in damp conditions. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 379. (2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 304. (3) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=52885 (accessed March 20. 2018) (4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 166. (5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 380. (6) P.L. Nimis, Image archive of ITALIC, Dryades Project http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub52 (accessed March 20. 2018)

Slo.: ? - syn.: Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servt, Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Vain., Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Urceolaria scruposa f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Arnold - Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; a patch of stony grassland surrounded by trees and bushes (former pastures), Ostrya carpinifolia and Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, relatively warm, dry and open place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on thallus and podetia of Cladonia cf. pocillum, soil and mosses. Comment: Diploschistes muscorum is an interesting, cosmopolitan lichen living on ground. When young it parasitizes other lichens of Cladonia pyxidata group (Wirth 1995), especially Cladonia rangiformis and Cladonia pocillum (Dobson 2005). In this observation the host seems to be Cladonia pocillum. It gradually incorporates the algae of the host in its own thallus (Brodo 2001) and thus kill it. When mature it becomes free-living on mosses and ground without help of parasitism. It can grow to considerable sizes. This observation shows small, young specimens, max a few cm in diameter. Picture 3 shows a young specimen just becoming fertile, where lowest, outer squamules of the host are still alive and green. Picture 5c shows a podetium of the host thinly overgrown with Diploschistes muscorum thallus. Picture 2 shows an older specimen where no parts of the host can be seen directly, however, the shape of the thallus still resembles to some extent original shape of the Cladonia squamules. Later there is no more resemblance on Cladonia. Growing scattered. Several specimens found in the vicinity. Chemical reaction on thallus K-. Photographed in damp conditions. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 379. (2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 304. (3) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=52885 (accessed March 20. 2018) (4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 166. (5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 380. (6) P.L. Nimis, Image archive of ITALIC, Dryades Project http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub52 (accessed March 20. 2018)

Slo.: ? - syn.: Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servt, Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Vain., Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Urceolaria scruposa f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Arnold - Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; a patch of stony grassland surrounded by trees and bushes (former pastures), Ostrya carpinifolia and Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, relatively warm, dry and open place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on thallus and podetia of Cladonia cf. pocillum, soil and mosses. Comment: Diploschistes muscorum is an interesting, cosmopolitan lichen living on ground. When young it parasitizes other lichens of Cladonia pyxidata group (Wirth 1995), especially Cladonia rangiformis and Cladonia pocillum (Dobson 2005). In this observation the host seems to be Cladonia pocillum. It gradually incorporates the algae of the host in its own thallus (Brodo 2001) and thus kill it. When mature it becomes free-living on mosses and ground without help of parasitism. It can grow to considerable sizes. This observation shows small, young specimens, max a few cm in diameter. Picture 3 shows a young specimen just becoming fertile, where lowest, outer squamules of the host are still alive and green. Picture 5c shows a podetium of the host thinly overgrown with Diploschistes muscorum thallus. Picture 2 shows an older specimen where no parts of the host can be seen directly, however, the shape of the thallus still resembles to some extent original shape of the Cladonia squamules. Later there is no more resemblance on Cladonia. Growing scattered. Several specimens found in the vicinity. Chemical reaction on thallus K-. Photographed in damp conditions. Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 379. (2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 304. (3) http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=52885 (accessed March 20. 2018) (4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 166. (5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 380. (6) P.L. Nimis, Image archive of ITALIC, Dryades Project http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub52 (accessed March 20. 2018)