Comments
provided by eFloras
Although no specimens are known from Arkansas, Georgia, or South Carolina, Carex stricta may be expected there.
This may be the most common wetland sedge in eastern North America, often called tussock sedge for the distinctive large clumps that form in seasonally flooded sites. Plants in drier sites often have a more rhizomatous growth form.
Carex stricta is morphologically variable throughout its range in degree of scabrosity and color of the proximal sheaths, perigynium shape, and length of the inflorescence bract. Coastal populations south of Massachusetts usually lack epidermal papillae but are not otherwise distinguishable from plants from other regions.
Carex stricta is frequently confused with C. haydenii; they are similar in their size, growth form, and inflorescence dimensions; Carex stricta can be distinguished by the veined, flattened ovoid perigynia with short scales. This species has been reported to hybridize with C. aquatilis and has been observed to form hybrids with C. nigra.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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- Flora of North America Vol. 23: 254, 379, 381, 385, 389, 390, 391, 394, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Plants cespitose; flowering from first-year shoots. Culms acutely angled, 50–150 cm, scabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths red-brown; sheaths of proximal leaves bladeless, scabrous, fronts with red-brown spots, prominently ladder-fibrillose, apex red-brown, U-shaped, occasionally thickened; blades 4–6 mm wide. Inflorescences: proximal bract shorter than or subequal to inflorescence, 3–4.5 mm wide. Spikes erect; staminate 2(–3); pistillate 3–4; proximal pistillate spike 1.6–10.8 cm × 3–5 mm, base cuneate or attenuate. Pistillate scales red-brown, shorter than perigynia, apex acute, awnless. Perigynia ascending, pale brown, occasionally with red-brown spots on apical 1/2, 0–5-veined on each face, somewhat flattened, loosely enclosing achenes, ovoid, 1.7–3.4 × 0.8–1.8 mm, dull, apex acute or obtuse, papillose; beak thickened, 0.1–0.2 mm. Achenes not constricted, dull. 2n = 66, 68.
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- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
- bibliographic citation
- Flora of North America Vol. 23: 254, 379, 381, 385, 389, 390, 391, 394, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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- Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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- Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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- eFloras.org
Distribution
provided by eFloras
N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que.; Conn., Del., D.C., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, R.I., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
- bibliographic citation
- Flora of North America Vol. 23: 254, 379, 381, 385, 389, 390, 391, 394, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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- Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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- Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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- eFloras.org
Flowering/Fruiting
provided by eFloras
Fruiting May–Jun.
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- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
- bibliographic citation
- Flora of North America Vol. 23: 254, 379, 381, 385, 389, 390, 391, 394, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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- Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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- Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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- eFloras.org
Habitat
provided by eFloras
Marshes, bogs, wet meadows, shores; 0–1600m.
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- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
- bibliographic citation
- Flora of North America Vol. 23: 254, 379, 381, 385, 389, 390, 391, 394, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
- source
- Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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- Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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- eFloras.org
Synonym
provided by eFloras
Carex stricta var. curtissima Peck; C. stricta var. strictior (Dewey) J. Carey; C. stricta var. xerocarpa (S. H. Wright) Britton; C. strictior Dewey; C. xerocarpa S. H. Wright
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
- bibliographic citation
- Flora of North America Vol. 23: 254, 379, 381, 385, 389, 390, 391, 394, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
- source
- Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
- editor
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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- eFloras.org
Common Names
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
tussock sedge
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
achene,
fruitTussock sedge is a rhizomatous sedge reaching a height of about 3 feet
(1 m) [
16]. The long narrow leaves are 0.25 inches (0.6 cm) wide and
about 2.5 feet (75 cm) long [
19]. The wirelike rhizomes are usually
found in the top 6 inches (15 cm) of the soil and are variable in length
[
5]. The fruit is an achene [
14].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Tussock sedge occurs from Newfoundland south to the Carolinas and
Tennessee and from Manitoba south to eastern Oklahoma and Texas
[
12,
14,
19,
20].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
cover,
fire regime,
marsh,
natural,
peat,
shrubs,
tussockThe rhizomes of tussock sedge make it resistant to fires that burn
little of the soil organic layer. Fire is important to the maintenance
of the sedge meadow community where tussock sedge grows [
5,
6]. It is a
natural feature of this environment and prevents the encroachment of
shrubs and trees. The wet habitat usually protects the roots and
rhizomes from fire. During severe droughts or when the meadows have
been partially or completely drained, however, fire has serious effects.
Underlying peat beds may ignite and smolder for long periods of time
Such fires can destroy roots of most plants. By lowering the meadow
surface and reducing plant cover, such fires may also convert a sedge
meadow to an emergent marsh community [
5,
10].
Tussock sedge probably colonizes burned areas by seeds and rhizomes.
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Management Considerations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
competition,
fire intensity,
fire management,
forest,
frequency,
fuel,
fuel moisture,
herb,
litter,
reaction intensity,
short-term effects,
shrub,
surface fire,
tussock,
woodlandNO-ENTRY
FIRE CASE STUDY
SPECIES: Carex stricta
FIRE CASE STUDY CITATION : Coladonato, Milo, compiler. 1994. Effect of prescribed burning on tussock sedge in
quaking aspen woodlands in southern Ontario. In: Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects
Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).
Available: https://www.fs.fed.us
/database/feis/ [
var months = new Array(12);
months[0] = "January";
months[1] = "February";
months[2] = "March";
months[3] = "April";
months[4] = "May";
months[5] = "June";
months[6] = "July";
months[7] = "August";
months[8] = "September";
months[9] = "October";
months[10] = "November";
months[11] = "December";
var date = new Date();
var year = date.getFullYear();
var month = date.getMonth();
var day = date.getDate();
document.write(year+", "+months[month]+" "+day);
].
REFERENCES : James, T. D. W.; Smith, D. W. 1977. Short-term effects of surface fire
on the biomass and nutrient standing crop of Populus tremuloides in
southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 7: 666-679. [
33].
Smith, D. W.; James, T. D. W. 1978. Changes in the shrub and herb layers
of vegetation after prescribed burning in Populus tremuloides woodland
in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany. 56: 1792-1797. [
23].
Smith, D. W.; James, T. D. 1978. Characteristics of prescribed burns and
resultant short-term environmental changes in Populus tremuloides
woodland in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany. 56: 1782-1791.
[
31].
SEASON/SEVERITY CLASSIFICATION : Spring/Low
STUDY LOCATION : The study was conducted at the Mullin Tract in West Luther Township,
Wellington County, Ontario.
PREFIRE VEGETATIVE COMMUNITY : The prefire vegetation was dominated by an open stand of trembling aspen
(Populus tremuloides) (164 stems/ha, average d.b.h. 14 cm) with
red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) in the shrub layer. The herb layer
was codominated by tussock sedge (Carex stricta) and bluejoint reedgrass
(Calamagrostis canadensis).
TARGET SPECIES PHENOLOGICAL STATE : No specific information was given on the phenological state of tussock
sedge but it was probably in a preflowering condition during these
spring fires.
SITE DESCRIPTION : The site is at an elevation of 1,221 feet (470 m). Mean total
precipitation is 35.4 inches per year (885 mm/yr), the average length of
the growing season is 116 days, and the July mean daily temperature is 70
degrees Fahrenheit (21 deg C). The study was located on poorly drained,
organic muck soils approximately 1 foot (3 m) in depth. The area had
generally low relief but consisted of a mosaic of hummocks and hollows,
the latter filled with standing water in the early spring.
FIRE DESCRIPTION : Burn Wind Relative Ambient Dead fuel Reaction
plot Date speed humidity temp combusted intensity
(m/min) (%) (deg C) (g/sq m) (kw/sq m/min)
1 5/8/72 91.7 56 14 674.7 509
2 5/8/72 87.4 58 15 750.4 375
3 4/24/73 43.5 72 13 756.2 569
4 4/24/73 68.7 43 15 651.1 489
Standard deviations are reported for wind speed, fuel combustion, and
reaction intensity data [
2].
Fuel moisture content was "generally high" on the treatment plots in
both 1972 and 1973 and evidently tended to reduce fire intensity. The
pattern of burning in both years was heterogeneous. This was related to
the uneven microtopography and patchy distribution of fuel prior to the
fires. Areas dominated by tussock sedge had large amounts of surface
litter and standing dead material and consequently were the most
thoroughly burned.
FIRE EFFECTS ON TARGET SPECIES : Short-term postfire response of tussock sedge after light prescribed
surface fire in trembling aspen woodlands were as follows:
Percent abundance Percent frequency
Burned 4/73 43.5 87.5
Burned 5/72 70.0 96.0
Control 54.0 83.5
Abundance of burned and control populations was not significantly
different (p=0.05) at postfire year 1. Growth of the burned population
may have been affected by scorch or by increased competition from
bluejoint reedgrass. Tussock sedge was substantially more abundant in
the plots measured 15 months following fire.
FIRE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS : NO-ENTRY
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
hemicryptophyte Hemicryptophyte
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Tussock sedge is found in bogs, wet meadows, floodplains, swales,
marshes, and wet woodlands. It is found in areas where the soil is at or
just above the water level [
5,
12].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
More info for the term:
hardwood 1 Jack pine
14 Northern pin oak
15 Red pine
16 Aspen
17 Pin cherry
20 White pine - northern red oak - red maple
21 Eastern white pine
22 White pine - hemlock
23 Eastern hemlock
24 Hemlock - yellow birch
25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
26 Sugar maple - basswood
32 Red spruce
42 Bur oak
44 Chestnut oak
46 Eastern redcedar
51 White pine - chestnut oak
52 White oak - black oak - northern red oak
53 White oak
55 Northern red oak
62 Silver maple - American elm
64 Sassafras - persimmon
70 Longleaf pine
81 Loblolly pine
82 Loblolly pine - hardwood
110 Black oak
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES12 Longleaf - slash pine
FRES13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
FRES14 Oak - pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES41 Wet grasslands
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the term:
forest K064 Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
K067 Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
K073 Northern cordgrass prairie
K074 Bluestem prairie
K079 Palmetto prairie
K081 Oak savanna
K082 Mosaic of K074 and K100
K084 Cross Timbers
K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K098 Northern floodplain forest
K099 Maple - basswood forest
K100 Oak - hickory forest
K101 Elm - ash forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K103 Mixed mesophytic forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K107 Northern hardwoods - fir forest
K108 Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
K111 Oak - hickory - pine forest
K112 Southern mixed forest
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
top-kill,
tussockFires that occur when meadows are moist or wet probably top-kill tussock
sedge. The rhizomes are probably killed by severe fires that remove
most of the soil organic layer [
5].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
bog,
forest,
tussockTussock sedge is a moist-site species [
19]. It is often dominant in
meadows in New England and the upper Midwest [
7,
22]. Tussock sedge also
occurs in moist forest communities [
23,
31].
Common associates of tussock sedge include blueberries (Vaccinium spp.),
huckleberries (Gaylussacia spp.), common winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
bog rush (Juncus effusus), bog Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum),
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii
var. gerardii), bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis), and other
sedges (Carex spp.) [
3,
7,
15,
17].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
graminoidGraminoid
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
tussockShrub invasion is altering sedge meadows in Wisconsin that contain
tussock sedge. Invaded areas were consistently wetter than uninvaded
sedge meadows [
29].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
AR CT DE IL IN IA KS KY ME MD
MA MI MN MO NE NH NJ NY NC ND
OH OK PA RI SC SD TN TX VT VA
WV WI WY MB NB NF NS ON PE PQ
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
fruit,
tussockDepending on site, tussock sedge flowers from late May to mid-June. The
fruit ripens in August [
8,
17].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
cover,
herb,
shrub,
tussockTussock sedge is typically an increaser following fire. In a study on
the effects of burning on sedge meadows in Wisconsin, tussock sedge was
found to occur at higher numbers on burned areas than on unburned areas
[
29]. A spring fire was set in 1973 in Ontario to study the short-term
response of the shrub and herb layers. Tussock sedge had already
emerged at the time of the fire. Percent cover of tussock sedge was
similar in control and burned plots that summer. Later-emerging
associated species, however, showed more vigorous postfire growth; the
initially lower cover of tussock sedge may have been due to fire damage
to early spring growth. At postfire month 15, tussock sedge cover was
significantly (p=0.05) greater on burned plots than on unburned plots
[
23].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
herb,
rhizome Rhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fresh,
tussockTussock sedge regenerates primarily through rhizomes. Two types of
rhizomes are distinguished. Long rhizomes branch and produce distant
plants. Short rhizomes produce culms just offset from the parent [
5].
Propagation: Propagation tests for tussock sedge in Wisconsin showed
variable results. Seeds collected and planted within 2 weeks in 1988
were compared with seeds collected in 1987 and held in cold storage for
1 year. Germination rates for seeds collected and planted in 1988
were 70 to 95 percent; 1-year-old seeds showed less than 15 percent
germination. These results indicated that seeds should be planted while
still fresh, preferably within a week or two following harvest [
1].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
10 Wyoming Basin
14 Great Plains
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Season/Severity Classification
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Spring/Low
Site Description
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
The site is at an elevation of 1,221 feet (470 m). Mean total
precipitation is 35.4 inches per year (885 mm/yr), the average length of
the growing season is 116 days, and the July mean daily temperature is 70
degrees Fahrenheit (21 deg C). The study was located on poorly drained,
organic muck soils approximately 1 foot (3 m) in depth. The area had
generally low relief but consisted of a mosaic of hummocks and hollows,
the latter filled with standing water in the early spring.
Successional Status
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
marsh,
shrub,
tussockFacultative Seral Species
Tussock sedge is shade intolerant hydro-successional species in the
sedge meadow community [
5,
17,
26]. The sedge community is preceded by an
emergent marsh community of reeds (Phragmites spp.) and/or cattails (Typha
spp.) where the water is above the soil. The sedge community is
followed by a shrub community of willows (Salix spp.), dogwoods (Cornus
spp.), and/or alders (Alnus spp.) as drier conditions are produced [
5].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
tussockThe currently accepted scientific name for tussock sedge is Carex
stricta Lam. (Cyperaceae) [
13]. Some authorities recognize the variety
C. stricta var. strictior Dewey [
13,
28], but Standley [
24] contends that
C. stricta presents no evidence of any discontinuities that would enable
recognition of intraspecific taxa.
Tussock sedge hybridizes with many other Carex species [
4].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Tussock sedge established well in constructed wetland in Massachusetts.
It became dominant 1 to 2 years after construction [
32].
- bibliographic citation
- Coladonato, Milo 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Carex strictior Dewey, in Wood, Class-Book 582. 1845
"Carex stricta Gooden." Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. 10: 269. 1826.
"Carex stricta Lam." Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 11: 197. 1839.
Carex angustata Boott, in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218, in small part. 1839.
Carex stricta var. strictior Carey, in A. Gray, Man. 548. 1848. (Based on C. strictior Dewey.)
Carex Watsoniana Steud. Syn. Cyp. 215. 1855. (Type from North America.)
Carex angustata var. a typica Boott, 111. Carex 173, in part. pi. 586. 1867.
Carex angustata var. Boott, 111. Carex 173. pi. 587. 1867.
Carex angustata var. y Boott, 111. Carex 173. pi. 588. 1867. (Based on C. strictior Dewey.)
Carex angustata var. strictior Dudley, Bull. Cornell Univ. 2: 113. 1886. (Based on C. strictior
Dewey.) Carex stricta var. curtissima Peck; Howe, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 48: 151. 1897. (Type from
New York.) Carex semicrinata C. B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 8 : 70. 1908. (Type labeled Florida; probably
from the northeastern United States.) Carex stricta f. curtissima "Peck" Kiikenth. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 4 20 : 330. 1909. (Based on
C. stricta var. curtissima Peck.) Carex strictior f. curtissima House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 243-244: 60. 1923. (Based on C. stricta
var. curtissima Peck.)
Cespitose, growing in beds (not in dense tussocks), freely long-stoloniferous, the stolons stout, horizontal, scaly, brownish, the culms 3.5-9 dm. high, erect, slender, sharply triangular, 3.5 mm. wide at base, 1.5 mm. above, very rough above, purplish-red-tinged at base, exceeding the leaves, aphyllopodic and not arising from the center of the dried-up leaves of the previous year; sterile shoots aphyllopodic; leaves with well-developed blades 3 or 4 to a fertile culm, the blades at first glaucous-green or in age light-green or bluish-green, revolute-margined, flat or nearly so at base, mostly 2-4 dm. long, 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, very long-attenuate, thin, papillate, the margins very rough, the sheaths concave at mouth, strongly yellowish-browntinged and markedly hispidulous ventrally, and with a narrow, hyaline, jagged-ciliolate margin at mouth, rounded and hispidulous dorsally, the lower subcarinate dorsally and breaking and becoming filamentose ventrally, the ligule much longer than wide; terminal spike staminate, strongly peduncled, linear, 2-3 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, the scales oblong-obovate, obtuse, purplish-black with lighter center and narrowly hyaline margins; lateral spikes mostly 3, pistillate, the upper usually staminate above, approximate and sessile or nearly so, or the lowest often remote and slenderly long-peduncled, linear, 1.5-6 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, densely flowered or more loosely at base, the perigynia 50-150, appressed-ascending in several rows; lowest bract leaflet-like, from somewhat shorter than to somewhat exceeding inflorescence, sheathless, the upper much reduced, biauriculate; scales lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, narrower than and from slightly shorter to slightly longer than the perigynia, purplish-black or in age deep-reddish-brown with lighter center; perigynia unequally biconvex, 2.25-2.75 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, ovate, closely enveloping achene, light-green, granularroughened, puncticulate, reddish-dotted, 2-ribbed (the marginal), more or less obscurely few-nerved dorsally, nerveless or few-nerved ventrally, 2-edged, not serrulate, rounded and nearly sessile at base, abruptly very minutely beaked, the orifice entire or nearly so; achenes lenticular, light-brown, oblong-obovate, 1.75 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, filling lower two thirds of perigynium-body, substipitate, abruptly minutely apiculate, jointed with the rather short, slender style; stigmas 2, slender, rather short. Type locality: "Wet places, common" (probably western Massachusetts).
Distribution: Swampy meadows, Quebec and Nova Scotia to Minnesota, southward to the District of Columbia and Iowa, and in the mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee. (Specimens examined from Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ontario, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Iowa.)
- bibliographic citation
- Kenneth Kent Mackenzie. 1935. (POALES); CYPERACEAE; CARICEAE. North American flora. vol 18(7). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Carex stricta Lam. Encyc. 3: 387. 1791
"Carex acuta L." Muhl. Descr. Gram. 263. 1817. (Plant from Pennsylvania.)
Carex virginiana Smith, in Rees. Cycl. 39: Carex no. 100. 1819. (Based on C. stricta Lam.)
Carex Darlingtonii Freedley; Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 11: 197, as synonym. 1839. (From Chester
County, Pennsylvania.) Carex commutata Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 11 : 198. 1839. (Based primarily on " C. acuta L." Muhl.) Carex angustala Boott, in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218, in greater part and as to type. 1839. (Regarded as based primarily on "C. acuta L." of early American authors.) Diemisa stricta Raf. Good Book 27. 1840. (Based on Carex stricta Lam.) Carex Kelvingtoniana Steud. Syn. Cyp. 215. 1855. (Type from North America.) "Carex virginica Smith" Steud. Syn. Cyp. 217. 1855. (Intended for C. virginiana Smith.) Carex tenuispica Bock. Flora 39: 225. 1856. (Type from "America bor.") Not C. tenuispica
Steud. 1855. Carex tristicha Bock. Flora 41: 651. 1858. (Based on C. tenuispica Bock.) Carex xerocarpa S. H. Wright; Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 42: 334. 1866. (Type from Prattsburg,
Seneca County, New York.) Carex anguslata var. typica Boott, 111. Carex 173, in great part. pi. 586, in part. 1867. Carex anguslata var. xerocarpa L. H. Bailey, Cat. N. Am. Car. 2. 1884. (Based by inference on
C. xerocarpa S. H. Wright.) Carex stricta var. angustala L. H. Bailey, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 600. 1890. (Based technically
on C. angustala Boott.) Carex stricta var. xerocarpa Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 222. 1895. (Based on C. xerocarpa S.
H.Wright.) Carex stricta i. angustala "L. H. Bailey" Kiikenth. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 4 2 °: 330. 1909. (Based
on C. angustata Boott.) Carex stricta f. xerocarpa "Britton" Kiikenth. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 4 20 : 330. 1909. (Based on
C. xerocarpa S. H. Wright.) Carex strictior f. angustata House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 243-244: 60. 1923. (Based on C. angustata Boott.) Carex stricta f. brevior House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 243-244: 61. 1923. (Type from Islip, Long
Island, New York.) Carex stricta f. pedicellaris House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 243-244: 61. 1923. (Type from Islip, New York.)
Cespitose in large, very dense tussocks, the rootstocks descending obliquely, the stolons usually not conspicuous, stout, horizontal, scaly, brownish, the culms 3-8 dm. high, slender to base, strict, exceeding leaves, sharply triangular, papillate, very rough above, the sides concave, aphyllopodic and not coming up from the center of the dried-up leaves of the previous year, brownish or light-purplish-brown at base, the basal sheaths subcarinate dorsally; sterile shoots aphyllopodic; leaves with well-developed blades 3-5 to a fertile culm, on lower fourth, often somewhat clustered, the blades usually 1-3 dm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, long-attenuate, strongly roughened, thin but stiffish, deep-green, papillate, channeled and keeled towards base, the margins revolute; the sheaths concave, thickish and without a hyaline jagged-ciliolate margin at mouth, smooth or dorsally very slightly hispidulous, reddish-brown ventrally, glabrous or very nearly so, dull-white and reddish-brown-tinged ventrally and breaking and strongly filamentose, the ligule much longer than wide; principal staminate spike usually 1 (with 1 or 2 smaller sessile ones near its base), erect, peduncled, 2-4 cm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, the scales oblong-obovate, obtuse, light-reddish-brown with lighter center and hyaline margins; pistillate spikes usually 2 or 3, the upper often staminate above, erect, sessile, or the lower slightly peduncled, more or less strongly separate, the better developed 2-6 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, densely flowered or somewhat attenuate towards base, the perigynia 50-150, appressedascending in several rows; bracts sheathless, the lower bract 1.5-3 mm. wide, its auricles inconspicuous or wanting, slightly dark-colored, shorter than the culm, the upper reduced, biauriculate; scales variable, oblong-obovate to lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate, reddishbrown with lighter center and narrow hyaline margins, narrower and usually rather shorter than perigynia, appressed; perigynia broadly to narrowly ovate or oval-ovate, 2.25-2.75 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, unequally biconvex, closely enveloping achene, not inflated, 2-edged, granular-roughened, puncticulate, dark-green, 2-ribbed (the marginal) and obscurely fewnerved dorsally, nerveless or nearly so ventrally, rounded and substipitate at base, shorttapering to the beakless or nearly so, subentire, whitish-tipped apex, the style short-exserted ; achenes lenticular, obovate, substipitate, 1.75 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, filling lower two thirds of perigynium-body, apiculate, jointed with the straight, rather short, slender style; stigmas 2, slender, rather short.
Type locality: "Cette espece croit dans la Virginie, la Pensylvanie, &c."
Distribution: Swampy woods and meadows, Maine to North Carolina, and probably along the coastal plain to Texas; also locally in the vicinity of the Great Lakes. (Specimens examined from Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, Texas.)
- bibliographic citation
- Kenneth Kent Mackenzie. 1935. (POALES); CYPERACEAE; CARICEAE. North American flora. vol 18(7). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Carex stricta
provided by wikipedia EN
Carex stricta is a species of sedge known by the common names upright sedge[1] and tussock sedge.[2] The plant grows in moist marshes, forests and alongside bodies of water.[3] It grows up to 2 feet (0.61 m) tall and 2 feet (0.61 m) wide. When the leaves die, they build on top of or around the living plant, making a "tussock".[3] Widely distributed in and east of the Great Plains,[4] it is one of the most common wetland sedges in eastern North America.[5]
Their seeds are carried by the wind. When seeds land, they are eaten by birds such as dark-eyed junco, northern cardinal, wild turkey, and ducks such as mallard and wood duck. The seeds are also eaten by squirrels and other mammals.[3] The plant can also reproduce vegetatively via rhizomes, and often form colonies.[3]
It is a larval host to the black dash, the dun skipper, and the eyed brown.[6]
References
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Carex stricta: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Carex stricta is a species of sedge known by the common names upright sedge and tussock sedge. The plant grows in moist marshes, forests and alongside bodies of water. It grows up to 2 feet (0.61 m) tall and 2 feet (0.61 m) wide. When the leaves die, they build on top of or around the living plant, making a "tussock". Widely distributed in and east of the Great Plains, it is one of the most common wetland sedges in eastern North America.
Their seeds are carried by the wind. When seeds land, they are eaten by birds such as dark-eyed junco, northern cardinal, wild turkey, and ducks such as mallard and wood duck. The seeds are also eaten by squirrels and other mammals. The plant can also reproduce vegetatively via rhizomes, and often form colonies.
It is a larval host to the black dash, the dun skipper, and the eyed brown.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors