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Alforja, Catalonia, Spain
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Scale bar indicates 25 µm. Sample from the pond Hegne Moor situated in the vicinity of Lake Constance. Images were taken using Zeiss Universal with Olympus C7070 CCD camera.Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA).
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Ribadelago, Castille and Leon, Spain
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Anisonema es una alga plida con vuelo de cometa. Prima cercana de las verdes euglenas, cambi la luz del Sol por los restos y detritus de los que se alimenta en su vuelo acutico. Un vuelo estable y sostenido entre la inmensidad de nieblas y grumos, cerca de los fondos donde, poco a poco, van depositndose posos que son trocitos de historia de infinitas vidas que naufragaron para volver a vivir.Hoy Anisonema se ha sumergido en las profundidades abisales a poco ms de un palmo de la superficie del agua donde se riza el oleaje en espuma blanca y roza las yemas de los dedos de una cianobacteria, Oscillatoria que hoy pinta con su cuerpo de tallo verde de bamb las aguas saladas en las que se une un ro con la mar.Del carro mgico de Anisonema tiran corceles invisibles. Lo llevan de paseo por esos anchos caminos que como en el cielo tambin existen en el agua infinita. Siempre parece seguir un trazado previsible, y con marcha segura avanza en el agua dejando un rastro de cola de cometa que ancla su cuerpo en el aire acutico. Anisonema es uno de los flagelados ms comunes en los fondos donde se acumulan sedimentos. Inconfundible por esa marcha equilibrada y segura, son dos los flagelos que hacen que este protozoo plido, primo de las euglenas, avance con ese aplomo de navegante experimentado. Su flagelo delantero es el motor, que como ltigo se amarra al agua y tira de ella ganando terreno. El flagelo posterior, mucho ms largo y como una rmora, estabiliza el cuerpo de Anisonema para que no tiemble en su avance, haciendo el mismo efecto que la cola de una cometa que trepa hacia el cielo.Aqu, sobre el agua, el carro mgico de Anisonema corre, nada y vuela al mismo tiempo, tirado por esos corceles invisibles en una gota de la siempre toma la vida..El flagelado que nos visita hoy, recuerda mucho a Anisonema acinus pero es de cuerpo ms estrecho, presenta un surco ventral que se abre sobre la boca y se alimenta de materia orgnica. Todas las especies del gnero viven en aguas de muy distinto tipo, desde stas saladas a las limpias de montaa o las cargadas de detritus, y siempre lo hace con la seguridad de una cometa a la que el viento no altera.La fotografa tomada con Isabel Lpez de Munain ha sido realizada a 400 aumentos empleando la tcnica de contraste de fase y procede de unas muestras tomadas con Miguel Rodrigues, David Salvador y Andrs Blanco el 4 de enero de 2017 en la Lagoa das Garas una zona de marisma en la costa de Armao de Pra, en las inmediaciones de Vila Vita, en el precioso Algarve portugus.
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Peranema. Collected by ATOL team in Little Sippiwisset near to Woods Hole, Massachusetts during the Protistology Workshop at MBL. October-November 2005. Isolation and art by Adrian Reyes-Prieto.
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Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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San Fernando de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Peranema (pear-o-knee-ma) is one of the better known gliding heterotrophic euglenids. The body is referred to as sac-shaped but this applies best to P. trichophorum, the most common species and the one illustrated here. At first glance, it would seem that there is just one flagellum, but careful observations reveal a second flagellum tightly adpressed to the body or lying in a groove in the body surface. At magnifications such as this, this species usually cannot be distinguished from Jenningsia, which has a single flagellum. The recurrent structure looks a little wider than the normal ridges of the body. The body is metabolic - meaning it squirms, and members of this genus have an ingestion organelle with which to manipulate food into the body. Animations by Rosemary Arbur of flagellar beat patterns are available
here.Differential interference contrast.
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Ribadelago de Franco, Castille and Leon, Spain
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Ribadelago de Franco, Castille and Leon, Spain
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Peranema (pear-o-knee-ma) is one of the better known gliding heterotrophic euglenids. The body is referred to as sac-shaped but this applies best to P. trichophorum, the most common species and the one illustrated here. At first glance, it would seem that there is just one flagellum, but careful observations, especially at high magnifications, reveal a second flagellum tightly adpressed to the body or lying in a groove in the body surface. The recurrent structure looks a little wider than the normal ridges of the body. The body is metabolic - meaning it squirms, and members of this genus have an ingestion organelle with which to manipulate food into the body. Differential interference contrast.
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Peranema (pear-o-knee-ma) is one of the better known gliding heterotrophic euglenids. The body is referred to as sac-shaped but this applies best to P. trichophorum, the most common species and the one illustrated here. At first glance, it would seem that there is just one flagellum, but careful observations reveal a second flagellum tightly adpressed to the body or lying in a groove in the body surface. At magnifications such as this, this species usually cannot be distinguished from Jenningsia, which has a single flagellum. The recurrent structure looks a little wider than the normal ridges of the body. The body is metabolic - meaning it squirms, and members of this genus have an ingestion organelle with which to manipulate food into the body. Phase contrast.
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Peranema (pair-a-knee-ma) trichophorum (Ehrenberg, 1830) Stein, 1878. Cells are metabolic and 35 to 50 microns long, have longitudinal pellicular striations around the cell. The anterior end of the cell is slightly pointed and the posterior end is truncated, rounded, or indented. This body is slightly curved and the flagellar pocket is also to the right. The flagellar pocket including the flagellar canal is up to 40 % the length of the cell. The anterior flagellum is as long as the cell, is thick and is directed forward when the cell is moving. The posterior flagellum may be hard to observe, is thin, and tightly adpressed to the cell surface, lying in a narrow longitudinal groove. The ingestion organelle has two rods and is weakly developed. The nucleus is posterior to the centre of the cell. The cells glide in contact with the substratum. Relatively common.
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Peranema trichophorum (Ehrenberg, 1830) Stein, 1878. Cells are metabolic and 35 to 50 microns long, have longitudinal pellicular striations around the cell. The anterior end of the cell is slightly pointed and the posterior end is truncated, rounded, or indented. This body is slightly curved and the flagellar pocket is also to the right. The flagellar pocket including the flagellar canal is up to 40 % the length of the cell. The anterior flagellum is as long as the cell, is thick and is directed forward when the cell is moving. The posterior flagellum may be hard to observe, is thin, and tightly adpressed to the cell surface, lying in a narrow longitudinal groove. The ingestion organelle has two rods and is weakly developed. The nucleus is posterior to the centre of the cell. The cells glide in contact with the substratum.
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Peranema trichophorum. Cell observed in freshwater habitats in the vicinity of Broome, Western Australia in September 2003. This image was taken using phase contrast optics. This work was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study.
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Peranema trichophorum. Surface of a cell observed in freshwater habitats in the vicinity of Broome, Western Australia in September 2003. This image was taken using differential interference contrast optics. This work was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study.
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Gliding Peranema cell. One thick flagellum pprojects from the front of the cell. There is a second flagellum - but it lies close to the cell surface and can only be seen with careful observation. It is not visible in these two cells. The cell on the surface of the air bubble is seen from side view. Phase contrast microscopy
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The two rods of the phagotrophic apparatus revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy (from A. Belhadri & G. Brugerolle).
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Nomarski image of living gliding cells. There are two flagella, but only one is visible, the other adheres to the surface of the cell. The rods of the ingestion apparatus are visible just behind the anterior end of the cell. Animations by Rosemary Arbur of flagellar beat patterns are available
here.
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Ploeotia (plee-owe-sha) a gliding heterotrophic euglenid. One flagellum projects anteriorly and beats with an undulating motion, the posterior flagellum is thickened and trails. The cells are rigid, usually flattened and have a well-developed ingestion apparatus as can be seen here. Cyst. Differential interference contrast.
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Ploeotia (plee-owe-sha) a gliding heterotrophic euglenid. One flagellum projects anteriorly and beats with an undulating motion, the posterior flagellum is thickened and trails. The cells are rigid, usually flattened and have a well-developed ingestion apparatus as can be seen here. Dividing cell with duplicated flagella, and ingestion devices. Differential interference contrast.
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Ploeotia (plee-owe-sha) a gliding heterotrophic euglenid. One flagellum projects anteriorly and beats with an undulating motion, the posterior flagellum is thickened and trails. The cells are rigid, usually flattened and have a well-developed ingestion apparatus as can be seen here. This photograph is of a rather damaged cell, the recurrent flagellum is pointing forwards and the anterior flagellum has been lost. This image does however show the ingestion organelle clearly. Differential interference contrast.
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Ploeotia (plee-owe-sha) a gliding heterotrophic euglenid. One flagellum projects anteriorly and beats with an undulating motion, the posterior flagellum is thickened and trails. The cells are rigid, usually flattened and have a well-developed ingestion apparatus as can be seen here. Differential interference contrast.