Mammals

ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ (ଇଂରାଜୀ: Mammal; ଶ୍ରେଣୀ Mammalia /məˈmeɪli.ə/) ସମୂହର ପ୍ରାଣୀମାନେ (ନାରୀ) ନିଜ ନବଜାତ ଶିଶୁକୁ ସ୍ତନ୍ୟ ପାନ କରାଇଥାନ୍ତି । ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସ୍ତନ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥି ଦେଖାଯାଇଥାଏ, ଯାହାକି ସରୀସୃପ କିମ୍ବା ପକ୍ଷୀମାନଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଦେଖାଯାଇନଥାଏ । ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ ସମୂହର ଚାରି କୋଠରି ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ହୃତପିଣ୍ଡ ରହିଥାଏ ଓ ମସ୍ତିସ୍କ ଗଠନ ଅପେକ୍ଷାକୃତ ଉନ୍ନତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

ବିବିଧତା

ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ବିଭାଗ

ବିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଇତିହାସ

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

ଆଧାର

ଅଧିକ ପଢନ୍ତୁ

• Brown W.M. (2001). "Natural selection of mammalian brain components" (PDF). Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 16 (9): 471–473. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02246-7.
• Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 55, July 2006. pp. 1–46.
• McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
• Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
• Simpson, George Gaylord (1945). "The principles of classification and a classification of mammals". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 85: 1–350.
• William J. Murphy, Eduardo Eizirik, Mark S. Springer et al., Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics,Science, Vol 294, Issue 5550, 2348–2351, 14 December 2001.
• Springer, Mark S., Michael J. Stanhope, Ole Madsen, and Wilfried W. de Jong. 2004. "Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree". Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19:430–438. (PDF version)
• Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan, and Nicholas J. Capzaplewski. 2000. Mammalogy: Fourth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, 565 pp. ISBN 0-03-025034-X (Brooks Cole, 1999)
• Jan Ole Kriegs, Gennady Churakov, Martin Kiefmann, Ursula Jordan, Juergen Brosius, Juergen Schmitz. (2006) Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals. PLoS Biol 4(4): e91."PLoS Biology – Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals". Biology.plosjournals.org. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091. Missing or empty |url= (help)
• David MacDonald, Sasha Norris. 2006. The Encyclopedia of Mammals, 3rd edition. Printed in China, 930 pp. ISBN 0-681-45659-0

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• BBC Wildlife Finder – video clips from the BBC's natural history archive
• GlobalTwitcher.com – All species in the world with distribution maps and images
• Paleocene Mammals, a site covering the rise of the mammals, paleocene-mammals.de
• Evolution of Mammals, a brief introduction to early mammals, enchantedlearning.com
• Tree of Life poster – Shows mammals' evolutionary relation to other organisms, tellapallet.com
• High-Resolution Images of various Mammalian Brains, brainmaps.org
• Mammal Species, collection of information sheets about various mammal species, learnanimals.com
• Mikko's Phylogeny Archive, fmnh.helsinki.fi
• European Mammal Atlas EMMA from Societas Europaea Mammalogica, European-mammals.org
• Marine Mammals of the World—An overview of all marine mammals, including descriptions, multimedia and a key, eti.uva.nl
• Mammalogy.org The American Society of Mammalogists was established in 1919 for the purpose of promoting the study of mammals, and this website includes a mammal image library