Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Mouth superior and transverse; 6 branched anal rays; barbels absent; distal margin of dorsal convex; large adults with sexually dimorphic coloration (Ref. 43281).
Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
Nests under stones and the male cleans the cavity with its pearl organs. Eggs adhere to the ceiling of the cavity. The male leaves the nest before the eggs hatch. Females spawn 3-4 times during a season (Ref. 59043).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 6
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Feeds on fish, fish eggs and small insects (Ref. 30578). Also Ref. 84946.
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Found in a wide variety of habitats, most abundantly in well vegetated small channels, ponds and small lakes (Ref. 59043). Adults occur in cool running water. Feed on small insects, fish and fish eggs (Ref. 30578), and plant material (Ref. 59043). Usually breed in habitats with still or very slow-flowing water (Ref. 59043). Females spawn 3-4 times in a season (Ref. 59043). Males clear the surface of the spawning site and guard the eggs until they hatch (Ref. 59043). Regarded as pest which competes with the fry of other species due to its high reproductive rate (Ref. 1739).
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
主要分布於東亞大陸、日本及臺灣等地。臺灣廣泛分布於平地之河川、湖泊、溝渠及池沼等
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
小型魚類，可油炸食之，亦可當觀賞用魚。近來有大量從中國冷凍進口做為餐廳油炸溪魚之用材。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體細長，稍側扁，尾柄較長，腹部圓。頭小而略尖，上下略平扁。吻略尖而突出。眼大，眼間隔寬平。口小，上位，口裂近乎垂直，下頜較上頜為長。咽頭齒1列，齒式5-5。唇薄。無鬚。鰓耙退化，排列稀疏。體被中大型的圓鱗；側線完全而較平直。各鰭均無硬棘，背鰭軟條3(不分枝軟條)+
7(分枝軟條)；臀鰭3(不分枝軟條)+6(分枝軟條)；腹鰭1(不分枝軟條)+
7-9(分枝軟條)。體背側銀灰色，腹側灰白，體側鱗片後緣具新月形黑斑。雄魚在繁殖季節，吻部有明顯之追星。雌魚及幼魚體色較淡，體側中央有一條黑色縱帶。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
初級淡水魚。為平地河川、湖泊及溝渠中常見的小型魚類。成魚常在水域周邊附近的木桿、水草及石塊表面上配對產卵，而其雄魚有護卵的習性。雜食性，主要以水生植物、藻類、浮游動物及水生昆蟲等為食。
Stone moroko
provided by wikipedia EN
The stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva), also known as the topmouth gudgeon, is a fish belonging to the Cyprinid family, native to Asia, but introduced and now considered an invasive species in Europe and North America. The fish's size is rarely above 8 cm and usually 2 to 7.5 cm long.[2]
Invasive species
In Europe, P. parva is included since 2016 in the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list).[3] This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union.[4]
The fish was introduced in the 1960s into ponds in Nucet, Dâmbovița County, Romania and it made its way into Danube, then spreading throughout Europe. They pose danger to other species such as the sunbleaks (Leucaspius delineatus). They are the carrier of a parasite (Sphaerothecum destruens[5]) that is not damaging to the topmouth gudgeon, but attacks other fishes like the sunbleaks, which are unable to spawn and have a higher mortality when infected.[6] They also feed on eggs of locally valuable native fish species.
Four phylogenetic lineages of Pesudorasbora parva were identified within its native range, and three of them contributed to the dispersal within more western regions of Eurasia. One of these lineages was initially distributed in the north of China and the Far East of Russia, the second one was in southern China, the third one was in the Korean Peninsula and, probably, in the adjacent regions of China, the fourth - in the Taiwan. Geographical distribution of COI lineages suggests three donor regions of stone moroko invasions into more western regions of Eurasia: the basin of the Yangtze River, the northern (Russian) part of the Amur River basin, and the Sungari River basin (right tributary of the Amur in the territory of China).[7]
The species has also been recently discovered in several lakes in the UK where it is believed to have been illegally stocked. This has called for a large scale eradication programme organised by the Environment Agency who kill the fish off with a piscicide called rotenone.
References
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^ Huckstorf, V. (2012). "Pseudorasbora parva". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: 2012: e.T166136A1114203. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T166136A1114203.en.
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^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-28. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) -
^ "List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern - Environment - European Commission". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
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^ "REGULATION (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European parliament and of the council of 22 October 2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) -
^ Deadly Parasite Could Endanger Salmon And Trout Populations In U.K. Science Daily June 20, 2009
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^ "The Gudgeon and the Sunbleak", New York Times June 28, 2005
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^ Karabanov, D.P.; Kodukhova, Yu.V.; Pashkov, A.N.; Reshetnikov, A.N.; Makhrov, A.A. (2021). ""Journey to the West": Three Phylogenetic Lineages Contributed to the Invasion of Stone Moroko, Pseudorasbora parva (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)". Russian Journal of Biological Invasions. 12 (1): 67–78. doi:10.1134/S2075111721010070. ISSN 2075-1125.
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Stone moroko: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva), also known as the topmouth gudgeon, is a fish belonging to the Cyprinid family, native to Asia, but introduced and now considered an invasive species in Europe and North America. The fish's size is rarely above 8 cm and usually 2 to 7.5 cm long.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
