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Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Empria klugii grazes on leaf of Geum rivale
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Monophadnoides waldheimii grazes on leaf of Geum rivale
Other: major host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / spot causer
hypophyllous colony of sporangium of Peronospora gei causes spots on live, patchily chlorotic leaf of Geum rivale
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
sporangium of Peronospora potentillae var. gei parasitises live leaf of Geum rivale

Foodplant / spot causer
pallid pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph of Phyllosticta gei causes spots on live leaf of Geum rivale
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / parasite
Podosphaera aphanis parasitises live Geum rivale

Foodplant / feeds on
epiphyllous, numerous, brownish-black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria gei feeds on fading leaf of Geum rivale
Remarks: season: autumn

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Description

provided by eFloras
Roots robust, terete. Stems erect, 25–70 cm tall, pilose or hirtellous. Radical leaves lyrately pinnate, 10–35 cm including petiole, with 2–4 pairs of leaflets, both surfaces scattered strigose; leaflets unequal, terminal one largest, usually rhombic-ovate, lobed, 4–9 × 3–8 cm, base broadly cuneate or subtruncate, margin markedly incised-lobed to 3-parted and coarsely serrate, apex rounded; cauline leaves: stipules green, ovate-elliptic, lobed to parted, herbaceous; leaf blade simple, 3-lobed or 3-parted. Inflorescence usually nodding, laxly 2–4-flowered. Flowers 2–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel densely yellow pubescent and pilose. Sepals ovate-triangular, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments usually purplish, linear-lanceolate, minute, 1/3–1/2 as long as sepals, apex acuminate. Petals yellow, purple-brown striate, semiorbicular, longer than sepals, base abruptly tapered into a rather long claw. Style terminal, filiform, twisted at joint; proximal section yellow villous; distal section deciduous at fruit maturity. Fruiting receptacle hirtellous, hairs 1.5–2 mm; achenes yellow villous; proximal section of style persistent. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 9: 287 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

provided by eFloras
Xinjiang [widespread in Arctic and N temperate zone].
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 9: 287 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Habitat

provided by eFloras
Thickets, meadows in valleys, ravine gravels; 1200--2300 m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 9: 287 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Geum rivale L. Sp. PL 501. 1753
Geum nutans Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed. 2. 70. 1769.
Caryophyllata rivalis Scop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 1: 365. 1772.
Caryophyllala aquatica Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 123. 1778.
Caryophyllata nutans Moench. Meth. 661. 1794. Not C. nutans Lam. 1783.
Geum nutans Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 344. 1818.
Geum Rafinesqueanum Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 683. 1841.
Perennial, with a short rootstock; stem 3-6 dm. high, simple, more or less hirsute, especially below, and glandularpilose, especially above; basal leaves lyrate-pinnate; leaflets obovate or cuneate or the terminal one rounded or reniform, 2-10 cm. long, bidentate or biserrate; stem-leaves ternate with oblanceolate or obovate leaflets; inflorescence 1-4-flowered; flowers in anthesis nodding, erect in fruit; bractlets narrowly linear, less than half as long as the sepals; sepals lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, acuminate, densely pilose, more or less purple; petals fleshcolored or sometimes tinged with yellow, purple-veined, clawed, flabelliform, emarginate, 7-10 mm. long; receptacle densely short-hirsute, in fruit more or less stalked; body of the achenes densely hirsute, 4 mm. long; lower internode of the style about 8 mm. long, hirsute below and more or less glandular-puberulent; upper internode about 4 mm. long, hirsute.
Type locality: Europe.
Distribution: In swamps and low ground, from Labrador and Newfoundland to New Jersey, Missouri, New Mexico, and British Columbia; also in Europe and Asia.
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bibliographic citation
Per Axel Rydberg. 1913. ROSACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 22(5). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Geum rivale

provided by wikipedia EN

Geum rivale, the water avens, is a flowering plant in the genus Geum within the family Rosaceae. Other names for the plant are nodding avens, drooping avens, cure-all, water flower and Indian chocolate.[1] It is native to the temperate regions of Europe, Central Asia and parts of North America, where it is known as purple avens.[2] It grows in bogs and damp meadows,[3] and produces nodding red flowers from May to September.[4]

Distribution

Geum rivale is widespread in Europe, particularly in the northern and central parts. It is found throughout the British Isles, the Faroes, Iceland, Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and much of Central Europe[5] (up to elevations of 2400 m in the Alps and 2,100 in the Carpathians).[6] It is absent from the Pannonian Basin and western France; on the Italian Peninsula it is found in scattered locations in the northern and central Apennines,[5] while on the Iberian Peninsula it is restricted between 1000 and 2200 m in the Cantabrians, Pyrenees, the Iberian and Central Systems, and the mountains of Sierra Nevada and Sierra de Cazorla in the south.[7] It is found in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula[5] (in Bulgaria its altitudinal range is 1200–2100 m),[8] the Caucasus, northern Anatolia and northwestern Iran. It is also native to northern Ukraine and the central and northern parts of European Russia,[6] Western Siberia up to the SayanAngara region in the east, as well as to parts of Central Asia (the Dzungaria and the Tarbagatai areas and Tian Shan).[9]

Geum rivale is also native to a broad region in Canada and the United States.[10]

Habitat

The plant is a native perennial of slow-draining or wet soils and can tolerate mildly acidic to calcareous conditions in full sun or under partial shade. Habitats include stream sides, pond edges, damp deciduous woodland and hay meadows.[11]

It is a component of purple moor grass and rush pastures is a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat in the UK. It occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe. It is found throughout the British Isles with the exception of south-east England, the Western Isles of Scotland and parts of the midlands and the west country.

Ecology

Geum rivale is pollinated primarily by bees, less often by flies and beetles. As the flower matures, elongation of the stamens ensures it self-fertilises if not already cross-pollinated. The flowers' stigmas mature before the stamens. It begins flowering a little earlier than G. urbanum, so early pollinations will be within the gene-pool of the single species.[12] The seeds of Water Avens are burr-like, and are distributed after being caught in the coats of rabbits and other small mammals,[13] and by rhizomal growth.[11]

Geum rivale is parasitised by Podosphaera aphanis – a conidial powdery mildew.[14] Yellow spots on the living leaf may be caused by Peronospora gei – a downy mildew.[15]

Hybrids

Geum urbanum hybridises fairly regularly with Geum rivale as they are closely related and occur together.

In North America it is known to hybridise with Geum aleppicum (the hybrid being named Geum × aurantiacum Fries ex Scheutz), with Geum macrophyllum var. perincisum (as Geum × pervale), and with Geum macrophyllum var. macrophyllum (as Geum × pulchrum).[10]

References

  1. ^ A Modern Herbal.
  2. ^ "Plants Profile for Geum rivale L. (purple avens)". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
  3. ^ "Water Avens (Purple Avens) Geum rivale". Connecticut Botanical Society. 2005-11-13.
  4. ^ W. Keble Martin (1972). The Concise British Flora in Colour. Book Club Associates. p. 256 pp. ISBN 0-7181-4028-1.
  5. ^ a b c Kurtto, Arto; Lampinen, Raino; Junikka, Leo (2004). Atlas florae Europaeae, distribution of vascular plants in Europe. 13: Rosaceae (Spiraea to Fragaria, excl. Rubus). Helsinki: Committee for mapping the flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica. p. 143. ISBN 978-951-9108-14-8.
  6. ^ a b Meusel, Hermann; Jäger, E.; Weinert, E. (1965). Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora. [Band I]. Jena: Fischer. T532, K220.
  7. ^ Laínz, M. (1998). "Geum L." (PDF). Flora Iberica. Vol. 6. p. 80.
  8. ^ Asenov, I. (1973). "Omajniče – Geum L.". In Vǎlev, Stoju; Asenov, Ivan (eds.). Flora na Narodna Republika Bǎlgarija (in Bulgarian). Vol. V. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. p. 197.
  9. ^ Flora SSSR (in Russian). Vol. 10. Moscow/Leningrad: AN SSSR. 1941. pp. 242–3.
  10. ^ a b "Geum rivale". Flora of North America. eFloras.org. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  11. ^ a b "Wildseeds Website". Archived from the original on 2015-05-25. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
  12. ^ "Biodiversity site". Archived from the original on 2007-12-02. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
  13. ^ "First Nature wildflowers". Archived from the original on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
  14. ^ Ing, B.( 1990). An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews.
  15. ^ Ellis, M. B. & J. P. (1997). Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook.

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Geum rivale: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Geum rivale, the water avens, is a flowering plant in the genus Geum within the family Rosaceae. Other names for the plant are nodding avens, drooping avens, cure-all, water flower and Indian chocolate. It is native to the temperate regions of Europe, Central Asia and parts of North America, where it is known as purple avens. It grows in bogs and damp meadows, and produces nodding red flowers from May to September.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
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wikipedia EN