Biology
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Medium-sized dark brown dragonflies with yellowmarkings found in Fynbos or wide open valley grasslands (Samways, 2008) and along fast flwing streams (Tarboton and Tarboton, 2002). Endemic to South Africa
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Conservation Status
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Syncordulia gracilis is considered Vulnerbale by the IUCN; Samways, M.J. 2007. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
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Diagnostic Description
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Size: 48 mm; wingspan: 70mm (Tarboton and Tarboton, 2002). Eyes are dark grey in colour, and body is dark brown with two bright yellow stripes that are bordered in black (Samways, 2008). Wing Venation: Syncordulia gracilis has an elongate anal loop with no midrib. It has no crossveins in the forewing triangles or hindwing triangles. Genital Lobe: large. In female ovipostior the first pair of gonaphophyeses are secondarily elongate. Male appendages: long lower anal appendage. Larvae: considered by Theischinger and Watson (1984) to be of the "Oxygastra group" of larvae, i.e., those possessing setae on the palpal teeth, subpentagonal head, narrower pronotum without broad, flat lobes, the frontal plate often small, and lateral spines on at least some tergites (Theischinger and Watson, 1984).
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Distribution
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Western Cape, Eastern Cape and recently found in KwaZuluNatal.
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Evolution
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Oxygastra gracilis (Burmeister, 1839) Until recently, only S. venator and S. gracilis were known, and both are considered Vulnerable by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) (IUCN, 2001). Dijkstra et al., (2007) described two new species, S. serendipator and S. legator, from previously unrecognized museum specimens and from new field collections. Intrageneric relationships within Syncordulia have not yet been fully evaluated within a phylogenetic context. In addition, placement of Syncordulia within the GSI has been unresolved. Lieftinck (1960) suggested that Syncordulia was closely related to Oxygastra Selys, 1870, Hesperocordulia Tillyard, 1911, Lathrocordulia, Tillyard, 1911 or Micromidia, Fraser, 1959, but his study relied mainly on manual parsimony without a formal analysis. Ware et al. (2007) included S. gracilis in their molecular analysis, but its position within the monophyletic GSI assemblage was unstable due to low branch support. Monophyly of the genus itself, although seemingly very likely based on several morphological characters including uniform wing vein patterns and eye color, has not yet been supported by phylogenetic analysis.
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General Description
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Syncordulia gracilis, the Yellow Presba, is an endemic South African dragonfly that is considered Vulnerable by the IUCN. A genus of brown and tawny coloured dragonflies, Syncordulia are sympatric, collected at cool, fast flowing streams.
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Genetics
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Syncordulia has been sequenced by Ware et al., 2007 (D2 region of the 28S), and Ware, Simaika and Samways (in press). It was recovered as sister to Idionyx in Ware et al., 2007. GenBank sequences available for S. gracilis, S. venator, S. serendipator, S. legator; DNA vouchers Rutgers University Collection; Syntype Harvard Museum MCZT_12419; elsewhere.
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Habitat
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Cool, shallow freshwater montane streams and small rivers in South Africa (samways, 2008); sensitive to alien plants such as Australian Acacia, Pine, and Eucalyptis. Some populations have increased following removal of alien pine (Samways, 2007)
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Life Cycle
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Inhabiting mostly cool mountainous streams in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, Syncordulia species generally occur in geographically-restricted areas and at low population densities. Syncordulia species are sympatric (Dijkstra et al., 2007) and are often found dwelling in the same stream. First described by Selys-Longchamps in 1882, the genus Syncordulia comprises dragonflies endemic to South Africa and restricted almost entirely to the CFR. They rarely fly over water, and are instead normally found in Fynbos (Samways, 2008). Rests often in vegetation.
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Physiology
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Adipokinetic neuropeptides from the corpora cardiaca of the major families of all three suborders of the Odonata were identified and Syncordulia was found to possess Anaim-AKH (Gade and Marco, 2005).
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Reproduction
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Syncordulia oviposit exophytically. Flight season: September-March
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Taxon Biology
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Rutgers University collection, Harvard University Collection
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Syncordulia gracilis
(
Welsh
)
provided by wikipedia CY
Gwas neidr o deulu'r Corduliidae (neu'r 'Gweision neidr gwyrdd') yw'r Syncordulia gracilis. Fel llawer o weision neidr, ei gynefin yw pyllau o ddŵr, llynnoedd, nentydd neu afonydd.
Gweler hefyd
Cyfeiriadau
Dolen allanol
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Syncordulia gracilis: Brief Summary
(
Welsh
)
provided by wikipedia CY
Gwas neidr o deulu'r Corduliidae (neu'r 'Gweision neidr gwyrdd') yw'r Syncordulia gracilis. Fel llawer o weision neidr, ei gynefin yw pyllau o ddŵr, llynnoedd, nentydd neu afonydd.
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Syncordulia gracilis
provided by wikipedia EN
Syncordulia gracilis, the yellow presba, is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae.
Distribution and status
Endemic species to the south western Western Cape Province, South Africa , with one historic 1948 record from, KwaZulu-Natal Province Drakensberg area, and one record 2000 from Prentjiesberg in Eastern Cape Province. It is rare throughout its range. It is no longer seen at many sites where it once was present, hence its vulnerable Red List status.[1]
Habitat
Its natural habitats are montane streams and rivers flowing over flat rocks, with fynbos or grassy banks localities.[2][3]
Identification
This species is about 43–48 mm long, with a wingspan 60–70 mm. Sexes much alike but ♀ has an amber wash on forewing and hindwing. The thorax has two yellow stripes on each side, and the abdomen is yellow and black.[2][3]
References
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Syncordulia gracilis: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Syncordulia gracilis, the yellow presba, is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae.
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Syncordulia gracilis
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
Insecten Syncordulia gracilis is een libellensoort uit de familie van de glanslibellen (Corduliidae), onderorde echte libellen (Anisoptera).[2]
De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als kwetsbaar, beoordelingsjaar 2007, de trend van de populatie is volgens de IUCN stabiel.[1]
De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1839 door Burmeister.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties Geplaatst op:
29-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen.
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Syncordulia gracilis
(
Polish
)
provided by wikipedia POL
Syncordulia gracilis – gatunek ważki z rodzaju Syncordulia należącego do rodziny szklarkowatych.
Imago lata od połowy września do końca marca. Długość ciała 43–45 mm. Rozpiętość skrzydeł 27,5–28,5 mm. Występuje na terenie Afryki
Przypisy
-
↑ Syncordulia gracilis. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
Bibliografia
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Syncordulia gracilis: Brief Summary
(
Polish
)
provided by wikipedia POL
Syncordulia gracilis – gatunek ważki z rodzaju Syncordulia należącego do rodziny szklarkowatych.
Imago lata od połowy września do końca marca. Długość ciała 43–45 mm. Rozpiętość skrzydeł 27,5–28,5 mm. Występuje na terenie Afryki
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Syncordulia gracilis
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Syncordulia gracilis là loài chuồn chuồn trong họ Synthemistidae. Loài này được Burmeister mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1839.[1]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
-
^ “gracilis”. World Odonata List. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 6 năm 2013.
Tham khảo
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Syncordulia gracilis: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Syncordulia gracilis là loài chuồn chuồn trong họ Synthemistidae. Loài này được Burmeister mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1839.
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