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There is no fossil record found of F. horrens (Nowak, 1994).

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Haack, M. 2002. "Furipterus horrens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Furipterus_horrens.html
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Matthew Haack, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Haack, M. 2002. "Furipterus horrens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Furipterus_horrens.html
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Matthew Haack, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Conservation Status

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F. horrens was listed as threatened, with a lower risk rating, in 1996. Currently it is not considered to be endangered or threatened (UNEP-WCMC Online Database, 2001).

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Haack, M. 2002. "Furipterus horrens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Furipterus_horrens.html
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Matthew Haack, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Trophic Strategy

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F. horrens are insectivorous. Evidence from fecal samples suggests that they mainly prey on butterflys and moths (Lepidoptera) (Nowak, 1994). They usually look for prey at heights of 1-5 meters above the forest floor (Nowak, 1994).

Animal Foods: insects

Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )

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Haack, M. 2002. "Furipterus horrens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Furipterus_horrens.html
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Matthew Haack, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Distribution

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Furipterus horrens occurs from Costa Rica to Peru and Brazil and onto Trinidad (UNEP-WCMC Online Database, 2001).

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

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Haack, M. 2002. "Furipterus horrens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Furipterus_horrens.html
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Matthew Haack, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Habitat

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F. horrens is found in caves. They have also been known to live near or around streams and other moist areas deep in the forests. They have been found hanging in clusters in hollowed out logs (Nowak, 1994).

Habitat Regions: tropical

Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest

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Haack, M. 2002. "Furipterus horrens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Furipterus_horrens.html
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Matthew Haack, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology

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Length usually is from 33-40 mm, tail length around 24-36 mm, and forearm length from 30-40 mm (Nowak, 1994). Average specimens weigh about 3 grams (Nowak, 1994). The fur on the head is fairly long and thick, covering all the head as far as the mouth, almost concealing the mouth (Nowak, 1994). The tail is short, with both surfaces of the uropatagium haired (Nowak, 1994). The coloration is brownish gray, dark gray, or slaty blue above and usually somewhat lighter below (Nowak, 1994). Specimens of F. horrens (along with those of the related genus Amorphochilus) are easily distinguished by their reduced thumbs, which are included in the wing membrane that runs to the base of the small, funtionless claw (Nowak, 1994). The ears are seperate and funnel-shaped, while the snout is piglike (Nowak, 1994). Females are usually significantly larger than males. Their dental formula is 2/3, 1/1, 2/3, 3/3=36 (Nowak, 1994).

Average mass: 3 g.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Haack, M. 2002. "Furipterus horrens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Furipterus_horrens.html
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Matthew Haack, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Reproduction

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Average number of offspring: 1.

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

After being born the young position themselves head up on the mother's body (Nowak, 1994). This is in response to the unusual abdominal location of the mammae combined with the fact that the mothers hang in the usual head down position (Nowak, 1994).

Parental Investment: altricial

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bibliographic citation
Haack, M. 2002. "Furipterus horrens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Furipterus_horrens.html
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Matthew Haack, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Thumbless bat

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The thumbless bat (Furipterus horrens) is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Furipteridae, in the monotypic genus Furipterus. They have a small thumb which is included in the membrane of the wing, causing the 'thumbless' appearance.[3]

Taxonomy

The thumbless bat belongs to the family Furipteridae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) which is currently composed of only two genera: Amorphochilus and Furipterus.[4] Both genera are monotypic. The first description of the species was proposed by Frédéric Cuvier in 1828, separating the taxon to a new genus Furia.[2][4] The taxon was reassigned to Furipterus in 1839 by Charles Bonaparte.[4]

Geographic range

The thumbless bat is found in Central and South America. Its range includes Costa Rica, Panama, southern Brazil and Bolivia.[5][6] as well as Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Suriname, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Trinidad, and Peru. In Brazil, it was recorded in twelve different regions covering the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes.[7][8]

Population and behavior

Its populations are rare and very local, but widespread.[6][9] Male and female bats may live separately during some parts of the year. There were found more than 60 males occupying one hollow.[10] Thumbless bats are aerial and insectivorous.

The thumbless bat is found in caves. Additionally, it is associated with moist environments. Thumbless bats were detected significantly more frequently over large lakes(Emmons and Feer 1997).[6] The moist habitat plays a key role for aerial insectivorous bats. However, thumbless bat's activity is significantly higher in forest compared to the lakes. They roots in small clusters in colonies for up to 60 individuals in caves. The nests are located in deep cracks between rocks.

References

  1. ^ Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A.D.; de Grammont, P.C. (2016). "Furipterus horrens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8771A21971535. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8771A21971535.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Cuvier, F. (1828). "description d'un nouveau genre de chauve-souris sous le nom de Furie". Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle. G. Dufour. 16: 150.
  3. ^ Nowak, Ronald (1991). Walker's Mammals of the World (Fifth ed.). The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-3970-2.
  4. ^ a b c Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  5. ^ Gardner 2008, Peracchi et al. 2011
  6. ^ a b c Emmons, L.H (1990). Neotropical rainforest mammals: a field guide. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 281.
  7. ^ Reis and Gazarini 2007, Tavares et al. 2008, Peracchi et al. 2011
  8. ^ Peracchi, A.L. (2010). Mamíferos do Brasil: guia de identificação. Rio de Janeiro: Technical Books Editora. p. 560.
  9. ^ Reid, F. (2009). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico. Oxford University Press.
  10. ^ LaVal, R.K. (1977). "Notes on some Costa Rican bats". Brenesia (Museo Nacional de Costa Rica). 10 (11): 77–83.
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Thumbless bat: Brief Summary

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The thumbless bat (Furipterus horrens) is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Furipteridae, in the monotypic genus Furipterus. They have a small thumb which is included in the membrane of the wing, causing the 'thumbless' appearance.

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