Pedinellales

Ribadelago de Franco, Castille and Leon, Spain

Pseudopedinella (sue-dough-pea-don-ell-a) a dictyochophyte and pedinellid (stramenochrome) alga, related to the silica flagellates. This cell viewed from the apex and shows the 6 plastids forming a ring. This cell viewed from the side. Phase contrast microscopy. data on this strain.

Ribadelago de Franco, Castille and Leon, Spain

Pseudopedinella (sue-dough-pea-don-ell-a) a dictyochophyte and pedinellid (stramenochrome) alga, related to the silica flagellates. This cell viewed from the apex and shows the 6 plastids forming a ring. To a paid-up member of the NRA, this resembles six bullets in the cylinder of a revolver. This cell viewed from the apex. Phase contrast microscopy. data on this strain.

Pseudopedinella pyriformis Carter, 1937. Cells are 5-8 microns long, and at anterior end 4-9 microns wide and at posterior end 3-6.5 microns wide with 6 chloroplasts. Flagellum 3-5 times longer than the cell. . Green flagellate

Pseudopedinella elastica Skuja, 1948. Cells are 14-17 m long, 13-14 m wide with chloroplasts. Flagellum about 3-6 times cell length. Green

Apedinella radians (Lohmann) Campell. Cells are apple-shaped (7-10.5 microns wide, 6-9.5 microns long) with a single flagellum bearing mastigonemes emerging from an apical pit. Cells are radially symmetrical with six peripheral chloroplasts, each with a prominent pyrenoid on the innerside. The nucleus occupies a central position in the cell and is roughly spherical. Mitochondrial profiles run longitudinally through the cell between the chloroplasts, coalescing anteriorly to form one large mitochondrial reticulum which encircles the apical pit. In the anterior region of the cell the mitochondrial reticulum is closely associated with the filamentous cytoskeleton. A single dictyosome is located at the posterior region of the cell. The cells have two scale types: ovoid body scales and elongate spine-scales. The ovoid scales are of two size classes (0.6-0.8 x 0.4-0.5 microns and 1.5-2 x 1.1-1.3 microns) and cover the entire cell. Cells also bear six slender spine-scales, (9-13 microns long) which, according to Throndsen, are cellulosic. The spine-scales are evenly distributed around the lateral circumference and have their attachment points between the chloroplasts just anterior to the equator of the cell. Each spine-scale has a triangular base bearing a long tapering spine. The proximal side is concave with a central evagination at the base to which is attached an extracellular striated fibrous connector or micro ligament. The other two points of the triangular base appear to rest on the cell surface, that is, the covering of ovoid body scales. The microligament attaches the spine-scale to the plasma membrane. Plaques are located beneath the areas where the micro ligaments contact the plasma membrane. Each plaque consists of two discrete electron dense plates, the innermost being the thinnest, and has the following dimensions: height 0.25 microns, length 0.39 microns, width 0.07 microns The distal face of each plaque is somewhat concave following the contours of the plasma membrane.

Pteridomonas (ter-rid-owe-moan-ass) a colourless pedinellid (stramenopile) flagellate. Like other pedinellids, it has a single apical flagellum surrounded by a wreath of fine arms, and usually attached to the substrate by a fine stalk. The stalk is contractile and may also release from the substrate. The flagellum beats with an undulating beat pattern. Phase contrast.

Portrait of Pteridomonas, a small silicoflagellate with a long thin stalk. Tentacles surround the single apical flagellum. Posterior contractile vacuole can be seen here. Very similar to Actinomonas, which has posterior tentacles as well. The two species also have ultrastructural differences. From freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Oblique illumination

Portrait of Pteridomonas, a small silicoflagellate with a long thin stalk. Tentacles surround the single apical flagellum. Very similar to Actinomonas, which has posterior tentacles as well. From freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.

Pteridomonas danica Patterson and Fenchel, 1985. A colourless pedinellid, body 4.5-5 microns long, with one apical flagellum emerging from a slight depression at the anterior of the cell. The flagellum is surrounded by 12 stiffarms. Posterioly, the body gives rise to a stalk. The stalk and arms may be withdrawn in swimming cells.

Phase contrast image of a small group of these heterotrophic flagelates. A single apical flagellum draws water twoards the thin arms that intercept food particles.

Ciliophrys (silly-off-rees), a pedinellid stramenopile, with a single flagellum. The cell may exist as a non-swimming form with radiating arms, and with the flagellum inactive or beating in a languid figure of 8 motion. The arms can be resorbed, and the cell can then swim with the flagellum pulling the cell forward. This is the heliozoon form, with a nucleus in the centre of the cell. Phase contrast.

Ciliophrys (silly-off-rees), a pedinellid stramenopile, with a single flagellum. The cell may exist as a non-swimming form with radiating arms, and with the flagellum inactive or beating in a languid figure of 8 motion. The arms can be resorbed, and the cell can then swim with the flagellum pulling the cell forward. This is the heliozoon form, with a nucleus in the centre of the cell. Phase contrast.

Ciliophrys (silly-off-rees), a pedinellid stramenopile, with a single flagellum. The cell may exist as a non-swimming form with radiating arms, and with the flagellum inactive or beating in a languid figure of 8 motion. The arms can be resorbed, and the cell can then swim with the flagellum pulling the cell forward. This is the heliozoon form, with a nucleus in the centre of the cell. Phase contrast.

Ciliophrys (silly-off-riss) infusionum Cienkowski, 1876. Helioflagellate, in the heliozoan stage the cells are about 4 - 9 microns across, and have a central nucleus and one flagellum held in a figure of eight. The cells are spherical with delicate pseudopodia extending radially from the body and bearing extrusomes. The cells may change from the heliozoan stage with pseudopodia and a slow beating flagellum to a swimming flagellate without pseudopodia and with the flagellum beating rapidly. In swimming cells, the nucleus is located apically. Observed to consume suspended bacteria. When feeding, bacteria adhere to the pseudopodia and then are drawn to the body. The cells eat diatoms up to 18 microns long. Sometimes common.

Ciliophrys infusionum Cienkowski, 1876. Ciliophrys, in the heliozoan stage the cells are about 4 - 9 microns across, and have a central nucleus and one flagellum held in a figure of eight. The cells are spherical with delicate pseudopodia extending radially from the body and bearing extrusomes. The cells may change from the heliozoan stage with pseudopodia and a slow beating flagellum to a swimming flagellate without pseudopodia and with the flagellum beating rapidly. In swimming cells, the nucleus is located apically. Observed to consume suspended bacteria. When feeding, bacteria adhere to the pseudopodia and then are drawn to the body. The cells eat diatoms up to 18 microns long.

Portrait of Ciliophrys infusionum (Cienkowski,1876), one of the colourless pedinellid flagellates (also referred to as a helioflagellate). When at rest on the substrate tentacles(axopodia supported by one triplet of microtubules) of with fine granules are distributed over the entire surface and the single flagellum is held in a tight S configuration hardly moving. When swimming, tentacles withdraw and the cell surface appears smooth, the flagellum beating more rapidly in sine wave fashion. From standing freshwater near Boise, Idaho. Phase contrast.

Portrait of Ciliophrys infusionum (Cienkowski,1876), one of the colourless pedinellid flagellates (also referred to as a helioflagellates). When at rest on the substrate, tentacles (axopodia supported by one triplet of microtubules) with fine granules are distributed over the entire cell surface and the single flagellum is held in a tight S configuration hardly moving. When swimming, tentacles withdraw and the cell surface appears smooth, the flagellum beating more rapidly in sine wave fashion. From a commercial marine aquarium in Boise, Idaho. DIC.

Portrait of Ciliophrys infusionum (Cienkowski,1876), one of the colourless pedinellid flagellates (also referred to as a helioflagellates). When at rest on the substrate, tentacles (axopodia supported by one triplet of microtubules) with fine granules are distributed over the entire cell surface and the single flagellum is held in a tight S configuration hardly moving. When swimming, tentacles withdraw and the cell surface appears smooth, the flagellum beating more rapidly in sine wave fashion. From a commercial marine aquarium in Boise, Idaho. DIC.

Ciliophrys infusionum Series of final stage of a binary fission. Sample from seaweed meadows from Bodden, the brackish waters lying between the isles of Hiddensee and Ruegen (German Baltic Sea). Sampling date 10/2007. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Standard with Olympus C7070 CCD camera. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-ND). Place name: Hiddensee Bodden (Germany) Latitude: 54.582633 Longitude: 13.115051 Serie von Endstadium einer Zellteilung. Probe aus den Seegraswiesen im Hiddenseer Bodden. Datum der Aufsammlung: 10/2007. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Standard, Kamera: Olympus C7070 WZ. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-ND). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.