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Biology

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In late May and early June, clutches of three to five eggs are laid and hatch two to three months later. The hatchlings learn to fly within a month. During the breeding season the lesser white-fronted goose eats the green stems and blooms of grasses and sedges, but on migration stopovers and through the winter, it consumes wheat and oat seeds (6). The call of this species is a rather squeaky kyu-yu-yu (2).
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Conservation

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Having signed Memorandums of Understanding with regard to the protection of other bird species occurring within their boundaries, it is hoped that Russia, China and Kazakhstan might be encouraged to alter the timing of hunting to ease the pressure on the lesser white-fronted goose. Ultimately, a ban on the hunting of all Anser species is necessary, as differentiation of goose species is difficult from a distance (7). In 2008, an International Single Species Action Plan for the conservation of the Western Palearctic population of the lesser white-fronted goose was published. It outlines a number of actions that are required to stop and reverse the current declines observed in these populations (8). As the lesser white-fronted goose is a long-distance migrant, regularly crossing 22 countries, international cooperation will be integral to the conservation of this Vulnerable bird (8).
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Description

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With a plump body, long neck, and wings that extend beyond the tip of the tail, the lesser white-fronted goose is distinguishable from other geese by its bright yellow eye-ring, round head and small, bright pink bill. The back, belly and sides are almost uniformly brown, but there is a white blaze on the face and the belly may have black patches in adults. The head and neck are both dark brown. Juveniles lack the white blaze and black belly patches (2) (6).
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Habitat

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The lesser white-fronted goose breeds in regions with forest tundra surrounding bogs and lakes, and winters on grassland and lake shores (7).
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Range

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The lesser white-fronted goose has three main sub-populations. The central Asian or Caspian population breeds in European Russia and central Asia and winters in the Black Sea region. The East Asian population breeds in eastern Siberia and winters in China. The smaller European population breeds in Norway and the Kola Peninsula, Russia and winters in Greece and Turkey (7).
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Status

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The lesser white-fronted goose is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (1) and is listed on Appendix I and II of the Convention on Migratory Species (3). It is also listed on Appendix I of the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) (4), and Appendix II of the Bern Convention (5).
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Threats

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Following extensive hunting in Russia, China and Kazakhstan, numbers of the lesser white-fronted goose declined by between 30 and 49 percent in just ten years, between 1998 and 2008. The global population in 2008 was estimated to be between 28,000 and 33,000 individuals (8). This hunting pressure continues in these three countries, which are not party to the Convention on Migratory Species and so cannot be subjected to international action. As they hold responsibility for 95 percent of the lesser white-fronted goose population, it is crucial that Russia, China and Kazakhstan alter their hunting rules to benefit this species (7).
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Status in Egypt

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Lesser white-fronted goose

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The lesser white-fronted goose (Anser erythropus) is a goose closely related to the larger white-fronted goose (A. albifrons). It breeds in the northernmost Palearctic, but it is a scarce breeder in Europe, with a reintroduction attempt in Fennoscandia.

Taxonomy

The scientific name comes from anser, the Latin for "goose", and erythropus, "red-footed", derived from the old Greek eruthros "red" and pous "foot".[2]

Distribution and habitat

The lesser white-fronted goose winters further south in Europe and is a rare winter vagrant to Great Britain and India.[3] Individual birds formerly appeared regularly at WWT Slimbridge in Gloucestershire, England, where they inspired Sir Peter Scott to set up The Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust—modern records, however, are far less frequent, a consequence of the species' decline on its European breeding grounds. An attractive species, it is also widely kept in wildfowl collections and, as a result, escapes do occur; individuals seen in summer, or in the company of other feral geese, are likely to be of captive origin.

Description

The two white-fronted goose species differ little other than in size (the lesser, at 53–66 cm (21–26 in) length and with a 120–135 cm (47–53 in) wingspan, is not much bigger than a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)), but both may be readily distinguished from the greylag goose by their bright orange legs and their mouse-coloured upper wing-coverts. The greylag goose has a flesh-coloured bill and legs and the upper wing-coverts are bluish-grey.

Both white-fronted goose species have a very conspicuous white face and broad black bars which cross the belly.

Adult lesser white-fronted geese, as well as being smaller than greater white-fronted geese, have an obvious yellow eye-ring and the white facial blaze goes up to the crown.

Conservation

The lesser white-fronted goose is considered an endangered species, but there are programmes to reintroduce animals into the wild to strengthen the population. Additionally it is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.

Fennoscandian population

This genetically distinct population is now estimated at about 20 breeding pairs or 60–80 total individuals at most. They breed in northern Norway and overwinter in Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. There is a major stop-over site at Hortobágy National Park, Hungary, where the birds spend up to two months during autumn and one month during the spring migration.[4]

Another part of the Fennoscandian population breeds in northern Sweden. The population size in 2015 is estimated to about 15 breeding pairs or 40-50 individuals in all. These birds follow a western migration route and spend the winter in Netherlands and Germany. According to the IUCN Red List in 2015, the conservation status of this population is Critically Endangered.

Gallery

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Anser erythropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22679886A132300164. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679886A132300164.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 48, 150. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  3. ^ Khan, Asif N. (2013-12-01). "First Record of Lesser White-Fronted Goose Anser erythropus from Gujarat, India". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 110 (3): 224. doi:10.17087/jbnhs/2013/v110i3/94037 (inactive 31 December 2022). ISSN 0006-6982.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2022 (link)
  4. ^ Lengyel, S.; Tar, J.; Rózsa, L. (2012). "Flock size measures of migrating Lesser White-fronted Geese Anser erythropus" (PDF). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 58: 297–303.

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Lesser white-fronted goose: Brief Summary

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The lesser white-fronted goose (Anser erythropus) is a goose closely related to the larger white-fronted goose (A. albifrons). It breeds in the northernmost Palearctic, but it is a scarce breeder in Europe, with a reintroduction attempt in Fennoscandia.

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