Monodaeus rectifrons

Monodaeus rectifrons (Crosnier, 1967)

? Paraxanthias sp.—Capart, 1951:163.

Medaeus rectifrons Crosnier, 1967:331, figs. 16–24, 29.—Guinot, 1967c:371 [listed].—Crosnier, 1969:531.—Forest, 1976:66 [discussion].

Monodaeus rectifrons.—Guinot, 1967c:371, 372, 373 [all discussion]; 1971:1074 [listed].—Forest, 1976:68 [discussion].

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Pillsbury Material: None.

Other Material: Congo: Off Pointe-Noire, 255 m, 2 Apr 1968, A. Crosnier, 1 (W).

DESCRIPTION.—Crosnier, 1967:332.

Figures: Crosnier, 1967, figs. 16–24, 29.

Male Pleopod: Crosnier, 1967, figs. 24, 29 (Congo).

MEASUREMENTS.—The carapace width of the only specimen examined is 24 mm.

BIOLOGY.—Monodaeus rectifrons is a deepwater species, occurring on the shelf and upper slope, in depths between 75 m and 255 m; there is one record from a depth of 100–400 m so the species may live somewhat deeper than 255 m. It has been taken on brown mud in 215–220 m (Capart, 1951); mud in 80–100 m (Crosnier, 1967); and sandy mud in 75 m and mud and rocks in 115 m (Crosnier, 1969).

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Guinea, from off the Ivory Coast and the Congo, in depths between 75 m and 255 m (100–400 m). Records in the literature include the following:

Ivory Coast: SW of Grand-Bassam, 100–400 m (Crosnier, 1967).

Congo: 51.5 mi [83 km] WNW of Banana [Zaire], 05°50′S, 11°32′E, 215–220 m (Capart, 1951). Off Pointe-Noire, 80–100 m (type-locality) (Crosnier, 1967); in 255 m (Crosnier, 1969). 04°53′S, 11°38′E, 75 m; 05°00′S,11°26′E, 115 m (Crosnier, 1969).

*Monodaeus rouxi (Capart, 1951)

Micropanope rouxi Capart, 1951:153, fig. 57, pl. 3: fig. 17.—Forest, 1965a:380.—Forest and Guinot, 1966:81.—Guinot, 1967c:348, 349 [discussion], 371 [listed].—Forest, 1976:66 [discussion].

Medaeus (?) rouxi.—Monod, 1956:312, figs. 384, 385.—Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962:58, fig. 26.—Crosnier, 1967: 335, figs. 25, 26. [Not Medaeus rouxi Balss, 1935.]

Medaeus rouxi.—Forest, 1959:15 [not Medaeus rouxi Balss, 1935].

Monodaeus rouxi.—Guinot, 1967c:371, 372, 373 [all discussion], fig. 24; 1971:1074 [listed].—Forest, 1976:68 [discusion].

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Pillsbury Material: Liberia: Sta 68, 70 m, broken shell, 1 (W).

Ivory Coast: Sta 45, 73–97 m, 1 (L). Sta 49, 73–77 m, 1, fragments (L). Sta 50, 128–192 m, 1, 2 ov (W). Sta 62, 46 m, brown, branched and foliate Foraminifera, 1, 1 (L).

Nigeria: Sta 237, 101 m, coral ground, rough, 1 (L). Sta 239, 73 m, 1 (L).

Other Material: Ivory Coast: Off Sassandra, 11 m, 3 Apr 1964, Guinean Trawling Survey, Tr 22, Sta 1, 1 (L). 04°33′N, 06°36′W, 100–109 m, sand, mud, shells, rocks, 21 May 1956, Calypso Sta 16, 2, 3 (1 ov) (W).

Congo: Off Pointe-Noire, 04°56′S, 11°31′E, 95–97 m, trawl, 21–22 Sep 1965, 1 (W).

DESCRIPTION.—Capart, 1951:153.

Figures: Capart, 1951, fig. 57, pl. 3: fig. 17; Monod, 1956, figs. 384, 385; Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962, fig. 26; Crosnier, 1967, figs. 25, 26.

Male Pleopod: Capart, 1951, pl. 3: fig. 17 (Congo); Monod, 1956, fig. 385 (Congo); Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962, fig. 26 (Ivory Coast).

MEASUREMENTS.—Our specimens have carapace widths of 5 to 15 mm; the carapace widths of ovigerous females is 8 mm. Crosnier (1967:336) pointed out that this is a relatively small species; he examined one ovigerous female 6.6 mm wide, and the ovigerous female reported by Capart (1951) was only 6 mm wide.

BIOLOGY.—Monodaeus rouxi is an offshore species which lives on the continental shelf and upper slope. It usually occurs in depths between 46 m and 215–220 m; the extremes of depth recorded so far, 11 m herein and ?500 m (Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962), require verification. Nine of the 14 available depth records are for depths below 100 m, and seven of those are for depths between 64 and 97 m. The five deeper records are 100–109 m, 101 m, 128–192 m, 215–220 m, and ?500 m. The species has been collected on brown mud in 215–220 m and on muddy sand and rocks in 80 m (Capart, 1951); mud, sand and compacted sand (sable construit) in 65–75 m, sand, mud, and shells in 64 m, and on sand, mud, shells, and rocks in 100–109 m by the Calypso (Forest and Guinot, 1966). In the latter depth a large series of 56 specimens was collected. The specimens taken by the Pillsbury were taken on brown, branching, and foliate Foraminifera in 46 m, on broken shell in 70 m, and on coral on rough bottom in 101 m.

Ovigerous females have been collected in May and December (Capart, 1951; Forest and Guinot, 1966; Pillsbury).

DISTRIBUTION.—West Africa, from scattered localities between Senegal and Angola, in depths between 46 m and 215–220 m (11 m to ?500 m). No material was available to Monod (1956). Records in the literature include the following:

West Africa: No specific locality (Forest, 1976).

Senegal: No specific locality (Forest, 1965a); in 65–75 m (Forest, 1959). 12°55.5′N, 17°33′W, 65–75 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Liberia: 04°34.5′N, 08°31′W, 64 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Ivory Coast: No specific locality (Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962; Forest, 1965; Crosnier, 1967). 04°33′N, 06°36′W, 100–109 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Congo: 51.5 mi [83 km] WNW of Banana [Zaire], 05°50′S, 11°32′E, 215–220 m (Capart, 1951). Off Pointe-Noire (Crosnier, 1967).

Angola: 11 mi [18 km] W of Cap Ledo, 09°40′S, 13°02′E, 80 m (Capart, 1951). Benguela, ?500 m (Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962).

Nanocassiope Guinot, 1967c:355 [type-species: Xanthodes melanodactylus A. Milne Edwards, 1867, by original designation; gender: feminine]; 1971:1075 [list of species].—Takeda, 1976:85 [definition],

*Nanocassiope melanodactyla (A. Milne Edwards, 1867)

Micropanope polita Rathbun, 1893b:238; 1930:440, fig. 70, pl. 180: figs. 3, 4.—Garth, 1946:459, pl. 77: fig. 4 [eastern Pacific; considered distinct by Guinot, 1971],

Panopeus tanneri Faxon, 1893:154 [eastern Pacific].

Xanthodes melanodactylus var. rufopunctatus.—A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1900:87, pl. 16: figs. 4, 5 [part?] [not Xanthodes rufopunctatus A. Milne Edwards, 1869 = Xantho minor Dana, 1852].

Micropanope melanodactylus.—Capart, 1951:151, fig. 56, pl. 3; figs. 15, 16.—Chace, 1966:637, fig. 7 [Saint Helena].

Micropanope melanodactyla.—Monod, 1956:320, figs. 401–405.—Gauld, 1960:70.—Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962:60.—Ribeiro, 1964:12.—Forest and Guinot, 1966:83.—Guinot, 1967c:348 [discussion]. 355 [listed].—Le Loeuff and Intès, 1968, table 1.

Xanthodes melanodactylus.—Guinot, 1967c:358 [listed].

Nanocassiope melanodactyla.—Guinot, 1967c, figs. 8, 13; 1971: 1075 [listed].—Türkay, 1976b:61 [listed], 68.

Nanocassiope polita.—Guinot, 1971:1075 [listed].

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Pillsbury Material: Liberia: Sta 70, 33 m, branched Foraminifera, 3, 1 ov (L).

Ivory Coast: Sta 42, 62–75 m, mud with brown, branched Foraminifera, 1 (W). Sta 46, 38–42 m, mud with dense Jullienella,1, 2(1 ov) (L). Sta 47, 37 m, bottom with Jullienella, 6, 9 (3 ov) (L).

Ghana: Sta 22, 51 m, rough bottom, 1, 1 (L). Sta 23, 42 m, foliate brown to orange bryozoans, 13, 7(1 ov) (L). Sta 24, 35–37 m, dark red bryozoans, 2, 17(6 ov), 1 juv (L,W).

Nigeria: Sta 250, 24 m, brackish water, mud, 1 (W). Annobon: Sta 271, shore, sand beach, 1, (W). Sta 275, 9–69 m, rubble of coralline algae, 8, 8 (1 ov), 2 juv (L). Sta 282, 18–37 m, nodular coralline algae, 2, 1 (L. W). Sta 283, 51–55 m, nodular coralline algae, 42, 36 (7 ov) (W). Sta 284, 73 m, black basaltic rocks, 2 ov (L).

Other Material: Madeira: Porto da Abra, SE coast, 32°45′N, 16°41′W, to 12 m, diving, 13 Mar 1976, Onversaagd Sta 68, 1 (L). Near Canical, SE coast, 32°44′ N, 16°44′ W, 0–22 m, shore collecting, snorkeling, diving, 10 Mar 1976, Onversaagd Sta 39, 1 juv (L). SE coast, 32°44′N, 16°41′W, 30 m, sand, marl, shell, gravel, clay, van Veen grab, 13 Mar 1976, Onversaagd Sta 67,1 (L). Near Agua de Pena, SE coast, 32°41′N, 16°46′W, to 25 m, diving, 9 Mar 1976, Onversaagd Sta 27, 1 (L). S of Madeira, 32°38′N, 16°50′W, 98–105 m, triangular dredge, 16 Mar 1976, Onversaagd Sta 93, 1 (L).

Canary Islands: Estrecho de la Bocaina, 30 m, sand and rocks, 28 Jun 1883, Talisman, 1, 2 (L).

Cape Verde Islands: São Vicente, 75 m, 29 Jul 1883, Talisman, 3 (W) [labelled Xanthodes melanodactylus var rufopunctatus].

Annobon: 01°24′S, 05°37.5′E, 11 Dec 1965, A. Crosnier, 2, 3. (W). 01°27′S, 05°35′50″E, 50–60 m, 11 Dec 1965, A. Crosnier, 2, 3 (W). 01°27′S, 05°35′48″E, 50–60 m, 11 Dec 1965, Ombango, A. Crosnier, 1, 8 (2 ov) (W).

DESCRIPTION.—Capart, 1951:152.

Figures: Capart, 1951, fig. 56, pl. 3: fig. 16; Monod, 1956, figs. 401–405.

Male Pleopod: Capart, 1951, pl. 3: fig. 16 (Angola); Monod, 1956, figs. 403–405 (Senegal); Chace, 1966, fig. 7 (Cape Verde Islands, Baja California, Cocos Island); Guinot, 1967c, fig. 13 (Senegal).

Color: “Coloration dans l'alcool, gris tacheté de rose; les doigts des chélipèdes parfois bruns, parfois noirs” (Capart, 1951:152).

MEASUREMENTS.—Our specimens have carapace widths of 2.5 to 13 mm; the carapace widths of ovigerous females ranges from 4 to 9 mm.

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Pacific, from Baja California, Mexico, Cocos Island, and the Galapagos Islands; central Atlantic, from Saint Helena and Ascension Island; and eastern Atlantic, from the Azores, Madeira, Ilhas Desertas, the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands and Senegal southward to Angola, including the offshore islands of the Gulf of Guinea, Principe, Sâo Tomé, and Annobon; sublittoral, subtidal to a depth of more than 600 m. Monod (1956) summarized the literature and reported material from the Azores, Madeira, the Cape Verde Islands, the mainland from localities between Senegal and Gabon, and from the offshore islands of Principe and Annobon; other records, including those published since 1956, include the following.

Madeira: No specific locality (Dana, 1852b; Miers, 1881a). Funchal harbor, ca. 80 m; near Ponta da Garajau; between Ponta da Garajau and Ponta da Oliveira; and Ponta de Sâo Lourenço (all Türkay, 1976b).

Cape Verde Islands: No specific locality (Dana, 1852b). Porto Grande, Sâo Vicente (Chace, 1966). Baia de Fateixa, Sâo Vicente, shore; Baia de Porto Grande, Sâo Vicente, 4–6 m, 8 m, 8–10 m, 3–11 m (3.5–11 m); Baia do Tarrafal, Sâo Tiago, 14–23 m and 9–17 m; Porto de Sâo Francisco, Sâo Tiago, 9 m; Porto da Fuma, Brava, 6–20 m (ail Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962; Ribeiro, 1964). Baia de Porto Novo, Santo Antäo, 12 m; Porto Inglés, Maio (Ribeiro, 1964).

Senegal: No specific locality (Guinot, 1967c). 12°55.5′N, 17°33′W, 65–75 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Guinea-Bissau: 10°19′N, 16°34′W, 60–73 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Ivory Coast: Off Sassandra, 100 m (Le Loeuff and Intès, 1968).

Ghana: Off Accra, 10 m (Gauld, 1960). 04°40′N, 02°08′W, 48 m; 04°40′N, 02°08′W to 04°39′N, 02°05′W, 50 m; and 04°36.5′N, 01°31′W, 50 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Principe: No specific locality (Guinot, 1967c). 01°35′N, 07°28′E, 45 m; 01°38′25″N, 07°22′05″E, 31 m; 01°38′35″N, 07°21′35″E, 35 m; 01°43′10″N, 07°28′20″E, 73 m; 01°43′N, 07°28′55″E, 37 m; off Tinhosa Grande (as Hermano Grande) Island, 12 mi [19 km] SSW of Principe, 01°20′45″N, 07°17′37″E, 25–40 m; in front of [Cais de] Santana, 11 m (all Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Sâo Tomé: 00°20′N, 06°47′E, 40–54 m; 00°20′N, 06°46′E, 10 m; 00°25′40″N, 06°40′10″E, 50 m; 00°25′15″N, 06°43′05″E, 8–30 m; in front of Ponta de Sâo Sebastiäo, 11 m (all Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Annobon: 01°27.5′S, 05°36.5′E, 35 m; 01°26′15″S, 05°35′40″E, 60 m; 01°25′10″S, 05°36′10″E, 20–25 m; N of San Antonio, 9 and 23 m (all Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Angola: Baia Farta, Benguela, 22–28 m (Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962).

Saint Helena: Off Rupert's Bay, 0–75 m, 0–2 m (Chace, 1966).

Nanopilumnus Takeda, 1974:215 [type-species: Medaeus rouxi Balss, 1935; gender: masculine].

*Nanopilumnus boletifer (Monod, 1956)

Parapilumnus boletifer Monod, 1956:260, fig. 302; 1963, fig. 36 [no material].—Forest and Guinot, 1966:72, fig. 5a,b—Takeda, 1974:216 [listed; transferred to Nanopilumnus].

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Pillsbury Material: Annobon, Sta 275, 9–69 m, rubble of coralline algae, 1 ov (L).

DESCRIPTION.—Monod, 1956:260.

Figure: Monod, 1956, fig. 302.

Male Pleopod: Forest and Guinot, 1966, fig. 5a,b (São Tomé).

Color: Cream (Monod, 1956:261).

MEASUREMENTS.—Our ovigerous female has a carapace width of 5 mm.

BIOLOGY.—Nanopilumnus boletifer is a sublittoral species, with a recorded depth range extending from shore to 9–69 m. All depth records other than that of the Pillsbury are from depths of less than 12 m. The Pillsbury specimen was collected in the rubble of coralline algae. The following bottom types were noted for the Calypso collections (Forest and Guinot, 1966): rocks and coral; rocks and sand; mud and calcareous algae; and calcareous algae.

Ovigerous females have been collected in May, June, and July (Forest and Guinot, 1966; Pillsbury).

DISTRIBUTION.—West Africa, from the offshore islands of the Gulf of Guinea, Annobon (the type-locality), Principe, and São Tomé, from shore to a depth of 9–69 m, usually in 12 m or less. Records in the literature include the following:

Annobon: No specific locality, in 12 m (Monod, 1956).

Principe: Ilhéu Caroço, 2–8 m; Ilhéus dos Mosteiros, 3–10 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

São Tomé: Off São Tomé, 8 m; Baía de Ana de Chaves, 5 m; W of Ponta Diogo Nunes, shore; off Ponta Diogo Nunes, 4–5 m; in front of Ponta Oquedelrei, 6 m; Ilhéu das Cabras, 0–2 m; and in front of Praia Lagarto, 5–6 m (all Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Panopeus H. Milne Edwards, 1834:403.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Pillsbury Material: Nigeria: Sta 1, Lagos harbor, shore, 4, 1 (W).

Other Material: Liberia: Rock Spring, Monrovia, O. F. Cook, G. N. Collins, 1 (W). Free Port area, Monrovia, oyster cultch, 22 Apr 1953, G. C. Miller, 1 (W). Locality same, 24 Apr 1953, 1 ov (W).

Dahomey: Lagoon of Lac Nokoué near Zogbo, W of Cotonou, 29 Mar 1964, H. Hoestlandt, 1 (L). Point XI Lagoon near Contonou, 29 Mar 1964, H. Hoestlandt, 1 (L). Zogbo Lagoon near Contonou, 10 Apr 1964, H. Hoestlandt, 1 (L).

Nigeria: Harbor of Lagos, 13 Jun 1963, A. R. Longhurst, 1 (L). S bank of mouth of Escravos River near Ajudaibo, Niger delta, 05°34.5′N, 05°11.75′E, 30 Jul 1975, C. B. Powell, 1 large (L). W of Forcados town, near confluence of Odimodi Creek and Forcados River, 05°22′N, 05°26′E, 28 Feb 1976, C. B. Powell, 14 specimens (L). Niger delta, between Brass and Port Harcourt, May–Aug 1960, H. J. G. Beets, 1 (L).

Gabon: No specific locality, Duparquet, syntype of Panopeus africanus, 1 dry (W, USNM 20263).

Congo: Pointe-Noire, intertidal, Mar 1965, A. Crosnier, 2, 4 (1 ov) (W).

Zaire: Banana, mouth of Congo River, American Museum Congo Expedition 1909–1915, Jul–Aug 1915, H. Lang, 4, 5 (1 ov) (W). Data same, Jul 1915, 5, 3 (1 ov) (W).

Angola: Luanda, W coast; American Museum Congo Expedition 1909–1915, 21 Sep 1915, H. Lang, 1, 2juv (W). Between Luanda and Cuanza, 23 km from Luanda, 20 Jun 1967, G. Hartmann, 1 (L). Lobito, 1899, P. Kamerman, 1 (L).

DESCRIPTION.—Capart, 1951:148.

Figures: Capart, 1951, fig. 54, pl. 3: fig. 3; Monod, 1956, figs. 406–415.

Male Pleopod: Capart, 1951, pl. 3: fig. 3 (Congo); Monod, 1956, figs. 410–414 (Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast).

Color: “Coloration gris foncé à brun; extrémité des pinces noir et blanc” (Capart, 1951:148). Rossignol (1957:83) gave a more detailed color description: “marron plus ou moins foncée. Chélipèdes: face externe et bord supérieur de la main, de même que le pouce et le doigt, tête denègre (bouts de doigts jaunâtres). Face inférieure et bord inférieure de la main jaunâtres”

MEASUREMENTS.—Our specimens have carapace widths ranging from 6 to 43 mm; the carapace widths of ovigerous females range from 17 to 30.5 mm.