Taeniacanthus pollicaris Dojiri & Cressey 1987

Taeniacanthus pollicaris

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 female holotype (USNM 228412), 1 allotype (USNM 228413), and 17 paratypes (15 females, 2 males) (USNM 228414) from Cirripectes fuscoguttatus Strasburg and Schultz collected at Niuatoputapu Island, Tonga Islands (16°00′S, 175°53′W), on Te Vega Cruise 7, 31 May 1965. Other material from Cirripectes fuscoguttatus: 12 females, 1 male from Target Beach, Unai Laulau Katan between Pontan Laulau Katan and Puntan Halaihai, Kagman area, Saipan, Mariana Islands, 19 July 1956; 4 females from east side of reef of Kayangel Island, Belau Islands (08°05′04″N, 134°43′45″E), 27 August 1956; 17 females from Makatea, Tuamotu Archipelago by J.E. Randall, 15 March 1956; 9 females, 1 male from west side of Fagasa Bay, Tutuila Island, American Samoa, by W.J. Baldwin, September 1974; 2 females from surge channels and coralline ridge of outer reef, Touhou Island of Kapingamarangi Atoll (01°04′45″N, 154°48′58″E), 28 June 1954; 4 females from just south of cut between large outstanding rock and Ch’uan-Fan-Shih, Taiwan, by V.G. Springer, 24 April 1968; 6 females from Tanguissan Point, Guam, Mariana Islands, 9 October 1968. From Cirripectes filamentosus: 12 females from northwest corner of North Oxley Island, Northern Territory, Australia (11° 00′S, 132°49′E), by H. Larson and R. Williams, 20 October 1982; 10 females from Kendrew Island, Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia, Australia, by J.E. Randall and party, 16 October 1973. From Cirripectes polyzona Bleeker: 1 female from outer edge of ocean reef of Rijili Island, Marshall Islands, 9 August 1955; 5 females from fringing reef, north side of Tutuila, American Samoa, by B. Carlson, 20 August 1976; 5 females from rocky shore on south side of island off San Shien Tai (north of Cheng Kung), east coast of Taiwan, by J.E. Randall and party, 12 July 1978; 2 females from Isle Poule, Peros Banhos, Chagos Archipelago (05°24′25″S, 071 °45′58″E); 1 female from Sabangan Beach, Agno, Philippines, 26 June 1981; 1 female from lagoon, NW side of Laumua Island, Solomon Islands, 7 November 1964; 1 immature female from outer edge of ocean reef, Rijili Island, Enewetak Atoll, 9 August 1955. From Cirripectes chelomatus Williams and Maugé: 6 females from outside of One Tree Lagoon, One Tree Island, Australia, by Talbot and party, 26 November 1969. All copepods removed from gill chambers of hosts by J.T. Williams.


DESCRIPTION.—Female: Body as in Figure 71A,B. Total length 1.00 mm (0.87–1.09 mm) and greatest width 0.48 mm (0.41–0.59 mm) based on 6 specimens. Cephalothorax (Figure 71A) wider than long, 313 × 446 μm, comprising more than 25% of total length. Thoracic segment bearing leg 2 much wider than following two segments, 189 × 423 μm. Several specimens with relatively broader cephalothorax, 317 × 583 μm, and second pedigerous segment, 198 × 536 μm (l × w) (Figure 71B). Genital complex wider than long, 87 × 120 μm. Abdomen 4-segmented; segments from anterior to posterior 60 × 99 μm, 55 × 83 μm, 39 × 76 μm, and 55 × 67 μm (l × w); anal segment (Figure 71C) with single pair of longitudinal rows of spinules adjacent to median suture on dorsal surface and a pair of posterodorsal rows of spinules continuing to ventral surface near insertion of caudal rami; ventral surface of anal segment (Figure 71D) with 1 curved row of spinules on each side of anteroventral surface. Caudal ramus almost completely fused to anal segment dorsally (Figure 71C), 40 × 27 μm (l × w), and bearing 4 naked setae and 2 large, bristled, median terminal setae (bristles on longest seta not shown in figure).

Rostral area with ventromedian sclerotized part as in Figure 71E. First antenna (Figure 71F) 7-segmented; armature formula: 5, 15, 5, 3, 4, 2 + 1 aesthete, and 7 + 1 aesthete. Second antenna as in Taeniacanthus glomerosus. Postantennal process (Figure 71G) strongly curved.

Labrum (Figure 71H) with spinulated posterior margin. Mandible (Figure 72A) with 2 almost equal blades, each spinulated along 1 margin, and a bristled accessory seta. Paragnath (Figure 71H) an attenuate lobe. First maxilla (Figures 71H, 72B) bearing 2 large setae, 1 naked seta, 1 pinnate seta, a small naked seta, and 1 large conical process. Second maxilla (Figure 72C,D) 2-segmented; first segment a large sclerotized area; second segment bearing articulated terminal process, a spinulated spine, and 1 relatively transparent seta. Maxilliped (Figure 72E–H) apparently 2-segmented with basal segment fused to corpus; base with usual seta and corpus area with usual 2 naked setae; terminal segment (Figure 72G,H) with spinulated spine at base and very blunt claw, distally covered with transparent cuticle.

Legs 1–4 (Figures 72I, 73A–H) biramous. Spinal and setal formula as follows:

P1 coxa 0-1 basis 1-1 exopod 1-0; 9

endopod 0-1; 7

P2 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; 1-1; II, I, 5

endopod 0-1;0-2; II, I, 3

P3 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0;1-1; II, I, 5

endopod 0-1; 0-2; II, I, 2

P4 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; 1-1; II, I, 5

endopod 0-1;0-1;II, int.

Interpodal plates of legs 1–4 (Figures 72I, 73A,D,F) spinulated on posterior margins. Interpodal plate of leg 1 with convex posterior margin. Plate of leg 2 bearing nearly straight posterior margin; plates of legs 3 and 4 slightly reentrant. Coxa, basis, exopod, and endopod of leg 1 with a few rows of spinules as in Figure 72I. Coxae and bases of legs 2–4 (Figure 73A,D,F) each with a few rows of spinules; inner margins of bases of legs 2 and 3 (Figure 73A,D) each with patch of spinules, basis of leg 4 without inner patch of spinules (Figure 73F). Terminal segments of exopods of legs 2–4 each with rounded protuberance on distolateral corner (see Figure 73B); exopod spines long, slender, and not highly sclerotized. Endopod spines of legs 2 and 3 not ornamented, but with flanges (Figure 73C,E). Terminal endopod spine (intermediate spine) of leg 4 (Figure 73G) approximately 2× length of outer spine of terminal segment; several specimens with terminal spine rounded at tip and 4× longer than blunt outer spine (Figure 73H). All segments of rami of legs 2–4 with outer rows of spinules. Leg 5 (Figure 74A,B) 2-segmented; first segment with 2 curved rows of spinules and 1 dorsolateral seta; second segment, 81 × 32 μm, ornamented with distomedial patch of spinules, and bearing 2 naked and 2 bristled setae; setae with curved rows of spinules at bases. Leg 6 represented by 3 setae in area of egg sac attachment.

Male: Body as in Figure 74C. Total length 0.68 mm (0.60–0.75 mm) and greatest width 0.22 mm (0.21–0.24 mm) based on 4 specimens. Cephalothorax wider than long, 166 × 212 μm, and comprising less than 25% of total body length. Genital complex longer than wide, 101 × 76 μm. Abdomen 3-segmented, segments from anterior to posterior 48 × 51 μm, 51 × 48 μm, and 44 × 41 μm, (l × w); anal segment (Figure 74D) unornamented. Caudal ramus (Figure 74D) longer than wide, 31 × 17 μm, bearing 1 naked dorsal seta, 1 naked outer seta, 1 notched outer terminal seta, 1 inner seta with 1 row of bristles, and 2 large median setae, each with 1 row of bristles.

Postantennal process (Figure 74E) with more slender tine than in female. Maxilliped (Figure 74F,G) 4-segmented; first segment with 1 naked seta; second segment (corpus) armed with 2 pinnate setae, 1 row of spinules, and 1 row of rounded denticles; third segment small and unornamented; fourth segment a curved claw carrying 2 anterior setae, 1 posterior seta, and row of teeth along concave margin. Endopod spines of legs 2 and 3 (Figure 74H,I) pointed at tips, not blunt as in female. Leg 5 (Figure 74J) similar to that in female except more slender 51 × 15 μm.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name pollicaris, Latin for of the thumb, alludes to the stubby thumb-like claw of the maxilliped of the female.

Taeniacanthus pollicaris

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 female holotype (USNM 228412), 1 allotype (USNM 228413), and 17 paratypes (15 females, 2 males) (USNM 228414) from Cirripectes fuscoguttatus Strasburg and Schultz collected at Niuatoputapu Island, Tonga Islands (16°00′S, 175°53′W), on Te Vega Cruise 7, 31 May 1965. Other material from Cirripectes fuscoguttatus: 12 females, 1 male from Target Beach, Unai Laulau Katan between Pontan Laulau Katan and Puntan Halaihai, Kagman area, Saipan, Mariana Islands, 19 July 1956; 4 females from east side of reef of Kayangel Island, Belau Islands (08°05′04″N, 134°43′45″E), 27 August 1956; 17 females from Makatea, Tuamotu Archipelago by J.E. Randall, 15 March 1956; 9 females, 1 male from west side of Fagasa Bay, Tutuila Island, American Samoa, by W.J. Baldwin, September 1974; 2 females from surge channels and coralline ridge of outer reef, Touhou Island of Kapingamarangi Atoll (01°04′45″N, 154°48′58″E), 28 June 1954; 4 females from just south of cut between large outstanding rock and Ch’uan-Fan-Shih, Taiwan, by V.G. Springer, 24 April 1968; 6 females from Tanguissan Point, Guam, Mariana Islands, 9 October 1968. From Cirripectes filamentosus: 12 females from northwest corner of North Oxley Island, Northern Territory, Australia (11° 00′S, 132°49′E), by H. Larson and R. Williams, 20 October 1982; 10 females from Kendrew Island, Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia, Australia, by J.E. Randall and party, 16 October 1973. From Cirripectes polyzona Bleeker: 1 female from outer edge of ocean reef of Rijili Island, Marshall Islands, 9 August 1955; 5 females from fringing reef, north side of Tutuila, American Samoa, by B. Carlson, 20 August 1976; 5 females from rocky shore on south side of island off San Shien Tai (north of Cheng Kung), east coast of Taiwan, by J.E. Randall and party, 12 July 1978; 2 females from Isle Poule, Peros Banhos, Chagos Archipelago (05°24′25″S, 071 °45′58″E); 1 female from Sabangan Beach, Agno, Philippines, 26 June 1981; 1 female from lagoon, NW side of Laumua Island, Solomon Islands, 7 November 1964; 1 immature female from outer edge of ocean reef, Rijili Island, Enewetak Atoll, 9 August 1955. From Cirripectes chelomatus Williams and Maugé: 6 females from outside of One Tree Lagoon, One Tree Island, Australia, by Talbot and party, 26 November 1969. All copepods removed from gill chambers of hosts by J.T. Williams.


DESCRIPTION.—Female: Body as in Figure 71A,B. Total length 1.00 mm (0.87–1.09 mm) and greatest width 0.48 mm (0.41–0.59 mm) based on 6 specimens. Cephalothorax (Figure 71A) wider than long, 313 × 446 μm, comprising more than 25% of total length. Thoracic segment bearing leg 2 much wider than following two segments, 189 × 423 μm. Several specimens with relatively broader cephalothorax, 317 × 583 μm, and second pedigerous segment, 198 × 536 μm (l × w) (Figure 71B). Genital complex wider than long, 87 × 120 μm. Abdomen 4-segmented; segments from anterior to posterior 60 × 99 μm, 55 × 83 μm, 39 × 76 μm, and 55 × 67 μm (l × w); anal segment (Figure 71C) with single pair of longitudinal rows of spinules adjacent to median suture on dorsal surface and a pair of posterodorsal rows of spinules continuing to ventral surface near insertion of caudal rami; ventral surface of anal segment (Figure 71D) with 1 curved row of spinules on each side of anteroventral surface. Caudal ramus almost completely fused to anal segment dorsally (Figure 71C), 40 × 27 μm (l × w), and bearing 4 naked setae and 2 large, bristled, median terminal setae (bristles on longest seta not shown in figure).

Rostral area with ventromedian sclerotized part as in Figure 71E. First antenna (Figure 71F) 7-segmented; armature formula: 5, 15, 5, 3, 4, 2 + 1 aesthete, and 7 + 1 aesthete. Second antenna as in Taeniacanthus glomerosus. Postantennal process (Figure 71G) strongly curved.

Labrum (Figure 71H) with spinulated posterior margin. Mandible (Figure 72A) with 2 almost equal blades, each spinulated along 1 margin, and a bristled accessory seta. Paragnath (Figure 71H) an attenuate lobe. First maxilla (Figures 71H, 72B) bearing 2 large setae, 1 naked seta, 1 pinnate seta, a small naked seta, and 1 large conical process. Second maxilla (Figure 72C,D) 2-segmented; first segment a large sclerotized area; second segment bearing articulated terminal process, a spinulated spine, and 1 relatively transparent seta. Maxilliped (Figure 72E–H) apparently 2-segmented with basal segment fused to corpus; base with usual seta and corpus area with usual 2 naked setae; terminal segment (Figure 72G,H) with spinulated spine at base and very blunt claw, distally covered with transparent cuticle.

Legs 1–4 (Figures 72I, 73A–H) biramous. Spinal and setal formula as follows:

P1 coxa 0-1 basis 1-1 exopod 1-0; 8

endopod 0-1; 7

P2 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; I-1; II, I, 4

endopod 0-1; 0-1; II, I, 3

P3 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; I-1; II, I, 4

endopod 0-1; 0-1; II, I, 2

P4 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exopod 1-0; I-1; II, I, 4

endopod 0-1; 0-1; II, int.

Interpodal plate of leg 1 (Figure 2I) with patch of spinules on convex posterior margin. Interpodal plates of legs 2 and 3 (Figure 3A,C) reentrant each with two rows of spinules. Interpodal plate of leg 4 (Figure 3E) with 2 patches of spinules on posterolateral margins. Coxa of leg 1 with row of spinules on outer margin; basis with striated flange and row of spinules on posterior margin near insertion of endopod. Coxae of legs 2–4 with rows of spinules (see Figure 3A); inner margin of basis of leg 2 with row of spinules, but these spinules absent in legs 3 and 4. First and second segments of exopods of legs 2–4 with minute spinules along outer margins. Terminal exopod segment of leg 2 (Figure 3B) with small digitiform process and semicircular row of spinules on distolateral corner. Exopod of leg 4 (Figure 3F) with inflated distomedial corner of terminal segment bearing digitiform process. Endopods of legs 2–4 with rows of spinules on outer margins of segments; spines spinulated (serrated). Leg 5 (Figure 4B,C) with 2 segments; first segment with ventral row of spinules and 1 semipinnate dorsal seta; second segment, 63 × 32 μm (I × w), bearing 4 setae (3 setae bristled and sclerotized at bases); each seta with row of spinules at base; distomedial margin of segment with row of larger spinules. Leg 6 represented by 3 setae in area of egg sac attachment.


Female Variant: Three specimens from same lot with different body shape from remaining 10 specimens. All appendages as described above except those mentioned below.

Cephalothorax (Figure 4D) with different outline, measuring 262 × 331 μm (l × w), and thoracic segments bearing legs 2, 3, and 4 decreasing in width posteriorly. Postantennal process (Figure 4E) with slightly different shape and 56 μm along axis. Maxilliped claw (Figure 4F) with conical projection blunt; seta on projection very small; rounded process near blunt projection absent; and only about 6 transverse flanges along recurved portion of claw. Terminal exopod segment of leg 4 (Figure 4G) with elongate process on distolateral corner.

Male: Unknown.

NiuatoputapuIsland, Tonga Islands; Target Beach, Unai Laulau Katan, Saipan, Mariana Islands; Kayangel Island, Belau Islands; Makatea, Tuamotu Archipelago; Tutuila Island, American Samoa; Touhou Island of Kapingamarangi Atoll; Chuan-Fan-Shih, Taiwan; Tanguissan Point, guam, mariana islands; North Oxley Island, Northern Territory, australia; Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia; Rijili Island, Marshall Islands; Peros Banhos, Chagos archipelago; Sabangan Beach, Agno, Philippines; Launua Island, Solomon Islands;Rijili Island, Enewetak Atoll; One Tree Island, Australia;