Longnose Spurdog

Maximum longevity: 15 years (wild)

Common in the temperate to tropical eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean and fished there with bottom trawls, gillnets and line gear. Utilized fresh, dried salted and smoked for human consumption.

A common temperate to tropical dogfish of the continental shelves and upper slopes, at or near the bottom,at depths of 16 to at least 440 m and probably deeper; often found in large schools.Off West Africa caught on muddy bottom in water of 11 to 180C and salinities of 36 ppt (16 to 255 m depth). Ovoviviparous, number of young 3 to 4 per litter. Eats a variety of bony fishes, including denticids, mackeral, and percichthyids, as well as crabs, lobsters, and Octopodidae.

Maximum total length at least 95 cm; males about 50 em at maturity, females about 60 cm at maturity; young born at about 23 cm.

Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Mediterranean, Morocco, Canaries, Senegal to Namibia (may include other species in addition to S. blainvillei). Western Pacific: Southern Japan and Taiwan Island. Nominal records of S. blainvillei or Squalus fernandinus from the western Atlantic (northern Carolina to northern Gulf of Mexico (USA); Argentina), Indian Ocean (South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, Tanzania and India), western Pacific (Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia), central Pacific (Hawaiian Islands), and eastern Pacific (northern Chile), as well as some records from the western North Pacific and eastern Atlantic, are based at least in part on Squalus mitsukurii and possibly other species. Whether S. blainvillei itself is as wide-ranging as reported for blainvillei-group dogfishes (including S. mitsukurii) remains to be determined.

fieldmarks: Two dorsal fins with ungrooved, very large spines, first dorsal fin height over 3/4 of its length from origin to base. First dorsal spine origin over pectoral inner margins, long prenarial snout with distance from tip to inner nostril greater than distance from nostril to upper labial furrow, tricuspidate lateral denticles, no white spots, oblique-cusped cutting teeth in both jaws, no subterminal notch on caudal fin, no anal fin, and upper precaudal pit and lateral keels on caudal peduncle. Body fairly stout. Snout parabolic-rounded, broad, and moderately long, diagonal distance from snout tip to excurrent aperture of nostril greater than that from excurrent aperture to upper labial furrow, preoral snout about 1.0 to 1.3 times mouth width, preorbital snout less than twice eye length; eyes nearer the snout tip that the first gill slits; nostrils closer to snout tip than mouth; anterior nasal flap with posterior secondary lobe rather large, though somewhat narrower at base than distance from its base to inner corner of nostril. First dorsal spine long, nearly or quite as long as fin base and with tip falling a short distance below apex of fin; second spine very long, slightly higher than fin, and usually more than 6% of total length; first dorsal fin more anteriorly situated, with fin origin about over pectoral insertions and spine origin over pectoral inner margins and well in front of their rear tips; first dorsal very high, height over 3/4 its length from origin to rear tip; second dorsal markedly smaller than first, but with height more than 6% of total length; pectoral fins broad and semifalcate, posterior margins slightly concave, rear tips narrowly rounded; pelvic midbases about equidistant between first and second dorsal bases; caudal fin narrow-lobed and long, with long ventral lobe and strongly notched postventral margin. Precaudal pits strong. Lateral trunk denticles tricuspidate and with weakly scalloped posterior borders in adults. No white spots present on sides of body, dorsal fins with white edges, caudal without dark markings.

Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Ovoviviparous, with 3 to 4 young per litter. Young born at about 23 cm (Ref. 247).

Found on the continental shelves and upper slopes. Depth range from 16-440 m (Ref. 0247), and from 300-780m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Forms schools. Off West Africa, water temperature and salinity where this species is often found ranges from 11-18°C and 36 ppt. (at 16 to 255 m depth), respectively. Feeds on bony fishes, like denticids, mackerel and percichthyids, as well as crabs, lobsters, and octopi. Ovoviviparous, with 3 to 4 young per litter. Utilized fresh, dried salted and smoked for human consumption.

fisheries: commercial

分布於東大西洋和地中海，及西太平洋的日本、韓國、越南、紐西蘭及澳洲南方沿海等。臺灣分布於東北部海域。

主要為底拖網及流刺網捕獲，一般被利用加工為鯊魚醃或製成魚槳、魚丸等。

體形較粗壯；有尾前凹窪和側脊；眼長橢圓形，無瞬膜，距吻端較距第一鰓裂為近；口裂淺弧形，幾乎橫列，口前吻長大於口裂寬，口側具一斜深溝；吻端與外鼻孔的斜線距離大於外鼻孔與上唇溝外角的斜線距離；眼前吻長短於眼徑之兩倍，眼較接近吻端而較遠離鰓裂；上下顎齒均單齒頭型，側扁近長方形，邊緣光滑；噴水孔頗大，腎形，位於眼睛後上方，距眼甚近；鰓裂中等大小，約等大、等距；盾鱗具三縱脊。背鰭二枚，各具一硬棘，背鰭甚高；第一背鰭起點約與胸鰭基底末端相對，棘長度長於或等於基底長，鰭高超過其長度的3/4；上角尖，後緣稍凹入，後角延長尖突，後角末端距腹鰭起點遠；第二背鰭小於第一背鰭，棘長大於鰭高，亦大於全長之6％，鰭高大於基底長，亦大於全長之6％；上角尖，後緣深凹，後角延長尖突；尾鰭短寬，尾椎軸上翹，上葉發達，無缺刻，下葉與上葉連接，成一廣圓形後緣，尾端圓；腹鰭低平，前後緣連續而呈半圓弧形；胸鰭比第一背鰭大，後緣稍凹入，外角鈍圓，內角微突。體灰褐色，腹部淡白色。背鰭具白色邊緣，尾鰭無暗斑。

主要棲息於溫帶和熱帶大陸棚和島嶼上層斜坡，棲息深度約16-440公尺，亦可能在更深處棲息。常成大群。主要攝食各種硬骨魚類，以及蟹、龍蝦和章魚等。體長可達約1 公尺，雄鯊長約50公分長性成熟，雌鯊則約長60 公分時性成熟，卵胎生，每產3-4子，剛產子鯊長約23 cm左右。

The longnose spurdog (Squalus blainville) is a dogfish shark of the genus Squalus, found over continental shelves in all oceans, at depths of between 15 and 800 metres. They reach one metre in length.

Known from seamounts and knolls