dcsimg

Diagnostic Description

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Rudimentary pelvic spine disappears in large specimen (Ref. 36453). Snout convex in adults (Ref. 1602). Sandy to grey with small brown spots above; soft dorsal and anal fins pale yellowish to brownish; caudal membrane blackish brown (Ref. 4421).Description: Characterized further by juveniles having reticulate pattern of pale lines and grey blotches; convex dorsal and ventral profiles of head; terminal mouth; snout much longer than caudal fin; depth of body at anal fin origin 2.5-2.8 in SL (Ref. 90102).
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Recorder
Cristina V. Garilao
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Life Cycle

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Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
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Susan M. Luna
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 45 - 52; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 47 - 53
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Cristina V. Garilao
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Trophic Strategy

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Occasionally in shallow water by steep drop-offs. Solitary or in pairs, occasionally in groups of five or six, at less than 10 m depth. Juveniles are pelagic, seen under floating objects (Ref. 9318, 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Adults and juveniles are rarely seen near reefs. Juveniles are pelagic, seen under floating objects (Ref. 9318). Juveniles often with large jellies and these may bring them close to reefs and adults may nest on sandflats adjacent to reefs in deep water. At other times, the adults may form large schools under weed-rafts that usually form during the wet season (Ref. 48637). Feed on benthic organisms (Ref. 30573).
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Drina Sta. Iglesia
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Biology

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Occasionally in shallow water by steep drop-offs. Solitary or in pairs, occasionally in groups of five or six, at less than 10 m depth. Juveniles are pelagic, seen under floating objects (Ref. 9318, 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Adults and juveniles are rarely seen near reefs. Juveniles often with large jellies and these may bring them close to reefs and adults may nest on sandflats adjacent to reefs in deep water. At other times, the adults may form large schools under weed-rafts that usually form during the wet season (Ref. 48637). Feed on benthic organisms (Ref. 30573).
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Rainer Froese
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Importance

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fisheries: commercial
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Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus)

A 1α (Figure 108) is a single section, the more dorsal part of the insertion extending into the tissues of the lips. The origin has expanded enormously to include not only the anteroventral prefrontal, but the entire infraorbital ligament as well. A 1β′ is long and thin (Figure 109), while A 1β and A 1γ are more like the generalized condition. A 2α (Figure 108) is much reduced dorsally, there being no fibers from the infraorbital ligament. A 3 is small. The adductor arcus palatini (Figure 110: A.A.P.) is divided into two sections by the junction between the metapterygoid and the parasphenoid. The retractor arcus palatini is not subdivided at all.

Most of the posteroventral fibers of the protractor hyoidei arise from the fascia over the anteroventral tip of the cleithrum. These fibers are almost at right angles to the ones originating from the posteroventral face of the anterohyal.

Rectus ventralis II (Figure 111: RECT.V.) is well developed. There is a lateral section to hypobranchial 1, an anterior section to the dorsolateral urohyal, and a transverse section across the midline. The anterior tendon of the sternobranchialis inserts on hypobranchial 2 between the two latter sections. The arrangements of the two bundles of fibers forming transversus ventralis IV are as for P. melanocephalus, but the relative positions of the bundles is reversed in transversus V. The pharyngoclavicularis externus is bifid, with tendons to ceratobranchials 4 and 5.

The anterior extension of the prootic shelf has carried the origins of the levatores externi with it (Figure 112: L.EXT.). There is some variation in the mode of insertion in levators II and IV. They may insert by a continuous aponeurosis on epibranchials 3 and 4, or separately. If the latter is the case, the anterior tendon may send a small branch to epibranchial 4. The aponeurosis of levator II sends a small section to epibranchial 3. The levatores interni retain their origin from the prootic beneath the hyomandibular foramen. Some fibers of transversus dorsalis III overlap onto the dorsal face of epibranchial 4. Obliquus dorsalis III is somewhat modified. Fibers from infrapharyngobranchial 2 pass to three different points of attachment. The medial fibers pass posteriorly to the dorsal face of infrapharyngobranchial 3. The more lateral fibers attach to epibranchial 3 (as in P. melanocephalus), while some of the ventromedial fibers loop around epibranchial 2 and reattach to infrapharyngobranchial 2.

The adductor superficialis is well developed (Figure 113: ADD.S.). The supracarinalis medius is present as a pair of cylindrical muscles, rather than the more usual triangular muscle. The erectores and depressores dorsales do not reach the vertebral column ventrally. The infracarinalis medius forms a broad tendon posterodorsally before grading into the fascia beneath the postcleithrum. Both the transversus caudalis and the spinalis are small, the latter muscle arising from the posterodorsal face of the first vertebra. In view of the fact that A. monoceros exhibits certain characters not found in any of the other monacanthids examined (particularly in the form of the adductor mandibulae complex), two additional species of the genus were dissected.
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bibliographic citation
Winterbottom, Richard. 1974. "The familial phylogeny of the Tetraodontiformes (Acanthopterygii: Pisces) as evidenced by their comparative myology." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-201. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.155

分布

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
廣泛分布於世界各溫帶及熱帶海域。台灣各地皆產,但以北部及東北部較多,人工魚礁區亦常見。
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臺灣魚類資料庫
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利用

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主要漁法為底拖網、定置網,因具厚皮,食用前,通常會先去頭及剝皮,亦是俗稱「剝皮魚」的由來。全年均產,以夏、秋間較多,東北部海域產量較大。肉質普通,新鮮時可煮湯食之,一般以油煎食用。
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描述

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體長橢圓形,側扁而高;尾柄中長,上下緣明顯雙凹型。吻上緣稍凹,下緣極凹;頭高約等於體高。口端位,唇薄;上下頜齒楔形,上頜齒2列,下頜齒1列。鰓孔在眼前半部下方或眼前緣下方,與體中線成35-40度夾角,鰓孔幾乎全落於體中線下方。體表不甚粗糙,被小鱗,有許多小棘散布直立於整個鱗片上。背鰭兩個,基底分離甚遠,第一背鰭位於鰓孔上方,第I背鰭棘位眼中央或眼前半部上方,棘弱而細長且易斷,棘前緣具兩列小突起,棘下方體背之棘溝淺,棘膜極小;第II背鰭棘退化,埋於皮膜下。背鰭鰭條43-50,臀鰭鰭條45-52,其前部皆長於後部,鰭緣截平,臀鰭基稍長於背鰭基;腹鰭膜不明顯,幾乎無; 尾鰭截平。體灰褐色;具一些不明顯之灰黃斑駁。尾鰭深灰色;餘鰭黃色。
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棲地

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近海底層魚類,一般活動深度約在10公尺以上,最深可達50公尺左右,偶而會出現在淺海斜坡區。常獨游,成對或三五成群。幼魚行大洋性生活,常被發現於漂游物體(例如:大型水母)的下方,因此可能被引導到近礁區的水域;成魚則會在深水域的沙盤區築巢,其他時間則會聚集成群於藻叢間,尤其是在雨季的時候。雜食性,以水母、底棲無脊椎動物或藻類為食。
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Unicorn leatherjacket

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The unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monoceros) is a filefish of the family Monacanthidae, found around the world in subtropical oceans between latitudes 43° N and 35° S, at depths down to 50 m. Its length is up to 76 cm.

Behavior

This species exhibits distinct pairing. Adults may form schools under weed rafts.

References

  1. ^ Matsuura, K.; Motomura, H.; Tyler, J. & Robertson, R. (2015). "Aluterus monoceros". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2015: e.T16404943A115353437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16404943A16509717.en. Retrieved 15 December 2017.

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Unicorn leatherjacket: Brief Summary

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The unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monoceros) is a filefish of the family Monacanthidae, found around the world in subtropical oceans between latitudes 43° N and 35° S, at depths down to 50 m. Its length is up to 76 cm.

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Description

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Inhabits reefs (Ref. 9318). Occasionally in shallow waters by steep drop-offs. Usually observed either singly or in pairs, occasionally in groups of five or six, at less than 10 m depth. Juveniles are pelagic, seen under floating objects (Ref. 9318).

Reference

Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).

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Edward Vanden Berghe [email]

Distribution

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Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to Argentina

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]