Brief Summary
provided by Ecomare
The gilt-head bream is a sea-bream with a tall back, a creamy white band over the head and a typically large black patch behind the gill flaps (larger than by the red sea-bream). This fish gives off a lovely golden sheen in the sunlight, however the color disappears quickly when out of water. Gilt-head bream are found mostly by rocky coasts, where they 'pluck' mussels. They also eat other small animals and algae. The maximum length for a male is 40 centimeters, a female 30 centimeters. Normally, this fish lives in the Mediterranean Sea and the warm East Atlantic Ocean. It is a summer guest in the North Sea. Gilt-head bream are fished for human consumption.
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Diagnostic Description
provided by FAO species catalogs
Body oval, rather deep and compressed. Head profile regularly curved. Eye small. Mouth low, very slightly oblique. Lips thick. Four to 6 canine-like teeth anteriorly in each jaw, followed posteriorly by blunter teeth which become progresively molar-like and are arranged in 2 to 4 rows (teeth in the 2 outer rows stronger). Total gill rakers on first arch short, 11 to 13, 7 or 8 lower and 5 (rarely 4) to 6 upper. Dorsal fin with 11 spines and 13 to 14 soft rays. Anal with 3 spines and 11 or 12 soft rays. Cheeks scaly, preopercle scaleless. Scales along lateral line 73 to 85. Colour silvery grey; a large black blotch at origien of lateral line extending on upper margin of opercle where it is edged below by a reddish area; a golden frontal band between eyes edged by two dark areas (not well defined in young individuals); dark longitudinal lines often present on sides of body; a dark band on dorsal fin; fork and tips of caudal fin edged with black.
- Bauchot, M.-L., , Hureau, J.-C., & J.C. Miquel. - 1981. Sparidae In: W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W.Scott (eds). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic; fishing areas 34, 47 (in part). Canada Funds-in-Trust. Ottawa, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, by arrangement with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Vol. IV : pag. var .
- Bauchot, M.-L., & J.-C. Hureau - 1990. Sparidae In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT-Portugal, SEI-France, Unesco. Vol. II: 790-812.
- Buen, F de. - 1935. Fauna ictiológica. Catálogo de los peces Ibéricos: de la planicie continental, aguas dulces, pelágicos y de los abismos próximos. Segunda parte. Notas Resúm. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., ser. II. (89): 91-143, pl XXI-LII (fig. 40-115).
- Cuvier, G., & A. Valenciennes. - 1830. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. Livre sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Des Ménides. v. 6: i-xxiv + 6 pp. + 1-559, Pls. 141-169. Valenciennes author of pp. 1-425, 493-559; Cuvier 426-491. i-xviii + 1-470 in Strasbourg ed.
- Day, F. - 1880. The Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland. vol. 1(1): 1-64, pl. I -XXVII. London-Edinburgh.
- Fowler, H. W. - 1936. The Marine Fishes of West Africa, based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition 1909-15. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 70 (2), Nov. 18: 607-1493 .
- Murray, J., & J. Hort. - 1912. The depths of the ocean. A general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. xx+821 p. 575 fig. + unnumbered fig., 4 maps, 9 pl . London.
- Steindachner, F. - 1867. Ichthyologischer Bericht über eine nach Spanien und Portugal untermommene Reise. Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 56 (1): 603-708, 9 pl .
Distribution
provided by FAO species catalogs
Common throughout Mediterranean, les frequent in eastern and south-eastern Mediterranean, very rare in black Sea. Atlantic from British Isles to Cape Verde and around the Canary Islands.
Size
provided by FAO species catalogs
Maximum 70 cm; common to 35 cm.
Brief Summary
provided by FAO species catalogs
Benthopelagic (demersal behaviour).A coastal species, inhabiting seagrass beds, rocky and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depts of about 30 m, but the adults may occur to 150 m depth.Euryhaline, entering brackish waters. A sedentary fish, solitary or forming small aggregations. A protandric hermaphrodite; the majority individuals are first males, then become females. Spawning occurs from October to December; maturity at 1-2 years (20-30 cm) for males, 2-3 years (33-40 cm) for females; do not spawn in Black Sea. Mainly carnivorous, (molluscs, particularly musels which it can easily crush, crustaceans and fish); but accessorily herbivorous.
Benefits
provided by FAO species catalogs
Caught on line gear, with trammel nets, bottom trawls, beach seines and traps. The richest fishing grounds are located between 36°N to 21°S, the species being less common further south and around the Canary Islands. Fished most intensively from February to October. Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Flesh highly esteemed. Marketed fresh or frozen. Also used for fishmeals and oil.
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Body tall, with large black spot on the gill cover. Snout more than twice as long as the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
- Recorder
- Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Epitheliocystis. Bacterial diseases
Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
Males become females at about 3 years of age (Ref. 2715, 28504). Protandric hermaphrodite species, maturing first as male (during the first or second year of age) and after the second or third year of age, as female. Spawning happens generally from October to December, with sequenced spawning during the whole period. Incubation lasts about 2 days at 16-1 7°C. Larval stages last about 50 days at 1 7.5°C or about 43days at 20°C. Egg size 0.9-1.1 mm, larval length at hatching 2.5-3.0 mm. Simultaneous hermaphroditism is suggested for this species (Ref. 103751).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 14; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 11 - 12
- Recorder
- Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Inhabits seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, often occurs in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feeds on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture.
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Found in seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, they often occur in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feed on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture. Utilized fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9987).
- Recorder
- Christine Papasissi
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
- Recorder
- Christine Papasissi
Gilt-head bream
provided by wikipedia EN
The gilt-head (sea) bream (Sparus aurata) is a fish of the bream family Sparidae found in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern coastal regions of the North Atlantic Ocean. It commonly reaches about 35 centimetres (1.15 ft) in length, but may reach 70 cm (2.3 ft) and weigh up to about 7.36 kilograms (16.2 lb).[2]
The gilt-head bream is generally considered the best tasting of the breams. It is the single species of the genus Sparus – the Latin name for this fish[3] – which has given the whole family of Sparidae its name. Its specific name, aurata, derives from the gold bar marking between its eyes.
The genome of the species was released in 2018, where the authors detected fast evolution of ovary-biased genes likely resulting from the peculiar reproduction mode of the species.[4]
Names
Known as Orata in antiquity and still today in Italy, Malta, and Tunisia (known as "Dorada" in Spain and Romania, "Dourada" in Portugal, "Dorade Royale" in France, "Dennis" in Egypt, and "Awrata" in Malta).[2]
Biology
It is typically found at depths of 0–30 metres (0–98 ft), but may occur up to 150 m (490 ft),[2] seen singly or in small groups near seagrass or over sandy bottoms, but sometimes in estuaries during the spring.[2]
It mainly feeds on shellfish, but also some plant material.[2]
Fisheries and aquaculture
Gilthead seabream is an esteemed food fish, but catches of wild fish have been relatively modest, between 6,100 and 9,600 metric tons (6,000 and 9,400 long tons; 6,700 and 10,600 short tons) in 2000–2009, primarily from the Mediterranean.[5] In addition, gilthead seabream have traditionally been cultured extensively in coastal lagoons and saltwater ponds. However, intensive rearing systems were developed during the 1980s, and gilthead seabream has become an important aquaculture species, primarily in the Mediterranean area and Portugal. Reported production was negligible until the late 1980s, but reached 140,000 metric tons (140,000 long tons; 150,000 short tons) in 2010, thus dwarfing the capture fisheries production.[6] Turkey is the biggest seabream producer in the world, followed by Greece.[7]
Gilthead seabreams in aquaculture are susceptible to parasitic infections, including from Enterospora nucleophila.
Cuisine
The fish is widely used in Mediterranean cooking, under a variety of names. In Tunisia, it is known locally as "wrata". In Greece, it is known as "tsipoura", in Spain, it is known as "dorada", and in France, as "dorade".
See also
References
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^ Russell, B.; Carpenter, K.E.; Pollard, D. (2014). "Sparus aurata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170253A1302459. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170253A1302459.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
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^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2010). "Sparus aurata" in FishBase. October 2010 version.
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^ sparus. Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Project.
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^ Pauletto, Marianna; Manousaki, Tereza; Ferraresso, Serena; Babbucci, Massimiliano; Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Louro, Bruno; Vitulo, Nicola; Quoc, Viet Ha; Carraro, Roberta (2018-08-17). "Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish". Communications Biology. Nature Portfolio. 1 (1): 119. doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0122-7. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 6123679. PMID 30271999.
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^ FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2011). Yearbook of fishery and aquaculture statistics 2009. Capture production (PDF). Rome: FAO. p. 163. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-19.
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^ "Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758)". Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
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^ https://www.fao.org/publications/home/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-world-fisheries-and-aquaculture/2022/en].
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Gilt-head bream: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The gilt-head (sea) bream (Sparus aurata) is a fish of the bream family Sparidae found in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern coastal regions of the North Atlantic Ocean. It commonly reaches about 35 centimetres (1.15 ft) in length, but may reach 70 cm (2.3 ft) and weigh up to about 7.36 kilograms (16.2 lb).
The gilt-head bream is generally considered the best tasting of the breams. It is the single species of the genus Sparus – the Latin name for this fish – which has given the whole family of Sparidae its name. Its specific name, aurata, derives from the gold bar marking between its eyes.
The genome of the species was released in 2018, where the authors detected fast evolution of ovary-biased genes likely resulting from the peculiar reproduction mode of the species.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
