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Slo.: kopucasta lesenjaca
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Slo.: poprhnjena koprenka - syn.: Phlegmacium allutum (Fr.) M.M. Moser, Cortinarius melliolens Schffer ex Orton, Cortinarius multiformis ss. CFP, Ricken - Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant, Picea abies scattered; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, shallow ground; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-9 deg C, elevation 670 m (2.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, leaf litter.Comments: Genus Cortinarius is huge - more than 1.000 species, subspecies, var. and f. have been described. No wonder, there is confusion in their names. Index Fungorum recognizes Cortinarius allutus as a current name, while other authorities consider it as a synonym of Cortinarius multiformis (this too is a current name according to IF). Recent (2014) DNA phylogenetic studies (Ref.8) revealed that much more complex situation exists in the group of species similar to this find. Ref.8 considers now the name Cortinarius allutus as a misapplied name. Anyway, I will keep with Index Fungorum and use the name Cortinarius allutus. Macroscopic traits and spores fit well to the most of the descriptions found in literature. There grew 6 or 7 pilei in an area of about 3 x 3 m. Habitat was montane Fagus sylvatica forest with a few Picea abies intermixed. In a distance of 0.3 - 3 m from the pilei two young, about 1-1.5 m tall and in a distance of about 5 m a grown up Picea abies three were present. Cortinarius allutus is supposed to be in mycorrhizal relation to conifers. Fruitbody description: pilei diameter 6 - 9 cm, trama thin near the edge of pilei, in the midrange about 8 mm thick, gills up to 10 mm broad, hut dry (after a several days long dry period); however, leaves and other debris were firmly 'glued' to the hut surface (ixocutis); stipe 4.2 - 6.5 cm long and 8 - 20 mm in diameter; when old stipe partly hollow; quite abruptly bulbous (with a few fruitbodies almost marginate); bulb from 1.6 to 1.9 times the diameter of the stipe; smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy, on leather?; taste not tested; 5% KOH reactions: on trama yellow-brown, not violent; on hut brownish, deepens the color of the hut; trama in the bulb brownish; on gills dark brown, almost blackish; Lugol reactions: on trama instant gold-yellowish, on pilei slightly yellowish, almost none; pilei do not bruise when handled except gills - they darken slightly; SP abundant, almost the same color as the whole fruitbodies, buff-fox color, oac714.Spores minutely and uniformly warty. Dimensions: (7.8) 8 - 8.8 (9.1) x (4.5) 4.7 - 5 (5.2) microns; Q = (1.6) 1.7 - 1.8 (1.9); N = 35; Me = 8.5 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.8. Olympus CH20 , NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, emersion oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 726.(2) http://www.fichasmicologicas.com/?micos=1&alf=C&art=556 (accessed Oct.8. 2017) http://www2.muse.it/bresadola/gallery.asp?code=87 (accessed Oct.8. 2017)(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 182. (4)https://www.nahuby.sk/obrazok_detail.php?obrazok_id=512681&poradie=2&form_hash=99bea167eab57a851c6b7b0340a67b4d (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (5) https://www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/OrangeseidigerKlumpfuss.htm (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (6) http://www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/callutus.html (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (7) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 164. (8) T. E. Brandrud et all. Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium section Multiformes in Europe, (2014) Journal des J.E.C., No. 16, p.162199. available at http://karl.soop.org/JEC16B_multif.pdf
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2001 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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2001 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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Slo.name: ? Habitat: Rock in midst of grassland below scree slopes, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 630 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: nearly horizontal, bare surface of a calcareous rock. Determination not sure.
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2001 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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Compilation of multiple photos taken at different points in time; taken both in field and in lab.
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Slo.: gladki deniek - syn.: Lepiota pratensis (Buill.: Fr.) Rea, Lepiota laevigata (Lange) Lange - Habitat: grassland, mountain pasture; near mixed wood edge; moderately inclined mountain slope; southeast aspect; shallow soil, skeletal, calcareous ground; open, sunny place; dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil among grass.Comments: I find Lepiota a difficult genus regarding determination of species. For this find I was split between two options Lepiota clypeolaria and Lepiota oreadiformis. Lepiota clypeolaria is a much more frequent species in my country. Contrary, Lepiota oreadiformis is rare. Statistically the first option seems therefore much more probable. However, the sporocarps found were significantly smaller than of typical Lepiota clypeolaria, mature specimens lacked distinct annulus, and habitat of this find doesn't seem compatible with Lepiota clypeolaria at all (it grows in woods). Therefore it seems that Lepiota oreadiformis is a better fit. Typical habitat of this species are open places on dry, extensively used, not fertilized, base rich grassland, which perfectly fits to this find. With respect to pilei surface quite large differences can be found on pictures in the literature. Frequently pictures show pilei with smoother surface. However, authors state: pilei covered by 'distant, granular squamules, radially wrinkled' (Ref.:1), 'lightly covered by small, ocher brown, radially fibrous squamules' (Ref.4) and 'minutely felty when young, but breaking up into scales on ageing' (Ref.:2). Also, most pictures show pilei with less prominent buckle. So, I am not completely sure the determination is correct. Unfortunately, spore dimensions proved to be of no use for determination, at least against Lepiota clypeolaria. Differences in average spore dimensions for a given species among authors are larger than average differences between both species.Growing scattered and in small groups; about ten pilei present; pilei diameter 3 - 4 (5) cm, stipe 4 - 6 cm long and 4 - 5 mm in diameter; on young pilei a faint, white, fibrous 'ring' noticeable, mature fruitbodies with no observable ring; taste mild, not unpleasant; smell very mild but specific, on flour or cakes (?); SP faint, whitish-beige with slight green tint, oac6.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 10.9 [13 ; 13.8] 16 x 4.8 [5.4 ; 5.6] 6.2 microns; Q = 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 13.4 x 5.5 microns; Qe = 2.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 204. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 52. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 130. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 91. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 904.
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2001 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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Slo.: jesenov večnoluknjičar - Habitat: A small opening in a fragment of an old Fagus sylvatica alpine forest, nearly full sun, fully exposed to direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.300 m (4.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: A large and old, partly rotten, still standing Fagus sylvatica trunk, covered by mosses and Lobaria pulmonaria. - Comment: Determination highly uncertain. Could eventually be also Heterobasidion annosum? See discussion on MushroomObserver, observation no. 44717. Many fruit bodies present, all around the trunk, many of them dead and black, spread from its base to up to 1.5 m (5 feet) above ground. - Ref.: (1) A. Poler, Ed., Seznam Gliv Slovenie (in Slovene) (Check list of mushrooms of Slovenia), Assoc. of Mycological Societies of Slovenia (1998), p 56. (2) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 376. - Comment #2: Second observation: June 7. 2010. - Spore dimensions: 6.0 (SD=0.7) x 3.3 (SD=0.3) micr., Q = 1.8 (SD=0.18), n=30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - I visited the place again and took samples to get spores. Spores and their dimensions as well as dimensions from literature (Ref.: (2), Bernicchia) are shown on the pictures. Unfortunately, measured spores don't fit neither to Perenniporia fraxinea nor to any Ganoderma in Refs.: (1) and (2) (G. lucidum and G. resinaceum not taken into account due to too different habitus). It is possible that I didn't measure mature spores or spores of something else??
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Slo.: rogasti roiki - Habitat: mixed woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, in shade, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 445 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen rotten deciduous tree, probably Acer sp., partly debarked, covered with mosses. - Comments: Spore dimensions: 8.4 (SD=0.7) x 3.9 (SD=0.3) micr, n=30. No septa observed. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/calocera_cornea.html . R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 140. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 675.
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Habitat: mixed, predominantly valuable broad-leaved tree species woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 445 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen old deciduous tree, partly debarked, covered with mosses
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Slo.: jelkin sivolukniar - syn.: Diplomitoporus lindbladii (Berk.) Gilb. & Ryv., Polyporus lindbladii Berk., Poria cinerasceus Sacc. & Syd., Antrodia lindbladii (Berk.) Ryv. - Habitat: mixed wood, close to a river, at the foot of steep mountain; northwest aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; in shade, high air humidity; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.870 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Rotten, Picea abies pole (formerly a part of wooden fence around a small pasture) lying on a large Picea abies stump; underside of the pole (resupinate form) and the gap between the pole and Picea abies stump (cottony-fibrous form).Comments: Growing in two forms, resupinate, poroid (underside of the pole hanging in the air) and cottony-fibrous (in-between the pole and the tree stump); dimensions of the resupinate part about 3.5 x 25 cm, dimension of cottony part 10 x 40 cm; pore layer up to 5 mm thick; about 3 pores/mm; subiculum very thin, almost none, less than 0.5 mm thick; sporocarps quite firm (photographed in half frozen state - air temperature was below zero C), hard when dry; pore surface of old and dry sporocarps gray with an interesting shimmer when looked at changing angle like a kind of interference pattern (German name of the species!); smell none (low temperatures? should be unpleasant according to literature); taste mild but distinctive, on resin, chemicals? 5% KOH reaction on pore surface mild, pale ocher-yellow; SP faint, oac color could not be determined. Accidentally small creatures living in the fungus were observed (Figs. ). Does anybody know what could they be?Spores smooth, cylindrical-allantoid with (mostly) two oil drops. Dimensions: 5.5 [6 ; 6.2] 6.6 x 1.9 [2.2 ; 2.4] 2.7 microns; Q = 2.2 [2.6 ; 2.7] 3.1; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 6.1 x 2.3 microns; Qe = 2.6. Basidia dimensions: 11.2 [13.7 ; 17.2] 19.8 x 4.3 [4.5 ; 4.7] 4.9 microns; Q = 2.4 [3 ; 3.7] 4.3; N = 6; C = 95%; Me = 15.5 x 4.6 microns (according to Ryvarden (2014) 10-20 x 4.5-5.5 microns). Tramal hyphae thick walled, not septated, generative hyphae with clamps not seen. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hyphae, hymenium, others), in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 280. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 515. (3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 246. (4) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 206. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 498. (6) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 329.(7) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 152. (8) http://aphyllopower.blogspot.si/2006/10/diplomitoporus-lindbladii-grauender.html
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species described by Ju YM, Hsieh HM, Vasilyeva L, Akulov A. in 2009 from Primorsky Territory, Russia
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Habitat: ruderal ground, wood edge near town outskirts, almost flat terrain, open and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.580 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on bark of live Robinia pseudacacia branch. - Comments: This small, orange, jelly blobs superficially appeared to me somewhat similar to Dacrymyces or Exidia species. But, very long and narrow, septated 'spores' and absence of fork like or longitudinally septated basidia, respectively, exclude these options. I was unable to find anything, which I could recognize as either basidia or asci. Hence I was speculating this observation could eventually be an anamorph of an ascomycete or a hyphomycete. Without experience with them I had no clue what it is. Also numerous spherocarps (see Figs. 5, 7, and 9) and large crystals in the context (Fig.:10) were (and still are) a secret to me. - Fortunately Mr. Neven Matoac (Ref.:1) was kind enough to teach me that determination to species level of such finds requires much more than pictures and a little bit of microscopy. In vivo studies, using cultures, and DNA analyses are in most cases required for any certainty level of determination. His very brief and tentative opinion was that the pictures probably show an anamorph of a member of Nectriaceae family, eventually from genera Haematonectria or Gibberella, while the macroconidia resembles to genus Fusarium. - Orange blobs were growing on and through the bark in an area of about 4 x 1 cm; SP was barely noticeable, probably whitish, but spores under the microscope were abundant. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 28.9 [43.6 ; 50.1] 64.8 x 3.4 [3.9 ; 4.2] 4.8 microns, Q = 7.3 [10.8 ; 12.3] 15.8; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 46.9 x 4.1 microns. Hypha is thin walled, of varying diameter from 3 to 9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Dr. Neven Matoec, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. (2) Leg.: Bojan Rot. (3) H. Drfelt, E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze, Weissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 172.
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2014 California Academy of Sciences
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2001 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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Compilation of multiple photos taken at different points in time; taken both in field and in lab.
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Slo.: ovji mesnatovec - syn.: Boletus ovinus Schff., Scutiger ovinus (Schff.; Fr.) Murr. - Habitat: alpine valley, almost flat terrain, mixed wood with dominant Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, under a Picea abies canopy; calcareous ground; in shade, relatively humid place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, 4-6 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil. Comments: There are few polypores with so characteristic, aromatic and pleasant smell. To my experience only the scent of Gloeophyllum odoratum can compete with it. Once one experiences it, he will likely remember it forever. The traits like: habitus, prominent smell, shape and size of pores, areolate surface of pilei with yellow colored cracks (Ref.1.), a thin, darker, like gelatinous, layer (see picture 7b) above the pore layer, citric yellow bruising when handled, blackish reaction of pore layer on Meltzer's reagent, hypha with simple septa and Picea abies as mycorrhizal partner, seem convincing for Albatrellus ovinus. However, spores of this find seem a bit large. Dimensions fit reasonably well to Ref.6., but are larger than data given by other authors. Also the pilei seem to me unusually yellow. My former finds were of more cream-colored to buff appearance. Ref. 2. and 4. allow (among others) 'yellowish' and 'sulfur-yellow' color too and hence the observed color may still be within expectations. The mushroom is very rare in Great Britain (Ref.3.). It is rapidly disappearing in Germany (Ref.:4.) because of general eutrophication, it is highly endangered and enlisted in their Red list. In Slovenia it is not protected and still quite common. Fungi were growing in a few groups with two to several fruit bodies, partly confluent; pilei diameter 5-8 cm; stipe 3-6 cm long and up to 1.3 cm in diameter; pore layer up to 2.8 mm thick, bruising yellow, pores 3-4/mm in average, small and round with entire dissepiments near the edge of the pilei and larger and more angular with deeply lacerate dissepiments near the stipe; pore layer has a thin darker layer above it; Metzler's reaction on pore surface blackish; taste distinctive, porridge like, strange, on what?; smell strong, pleasant, aromatic, can be detected from far; dried pilei hard, completely yellow, characteristic smell remains; SP too faint to enable color determination. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4 [4,7 ; 5] 5,6 x 3,1 [3,6 ; 3,8] 4,2 microns; Q = 1 [1,3 ; 1,4] 1,6; N = 28; C = 95%; Me = 4,8 x 3,7 microns; Qe = 1,3. Hypha thin walled, simple septa, with irregular swellings, 4 - 30 microns in diameter. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993)(1994), p 90. (2) A. Bernicchia, S.P. Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes .i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), p 80. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 468. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 474. (5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 299. (6) Micologia e Botanica Udinese, http://www.micologiaebotanica.it/micologia.html