Ceratiaceae

Description: Ceratium furca (Ehr.) Claparède et Lachmann 1858; Ceratiaceae, Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae, Dinoflagellata (Dinophyta) English: Hydrofront of Dnieper-Bug Liman Русский: Гидрофронт Днепро-Бугского лимана. Date: 12 December 2007. Source: Own work. Author: Minami Himemiya.

Peniscola, Valencia, Spain

Peniscola, Valencia, Spain

Ribadelago, Castille and Leon, Spain

San Martin De Castaneda, Castille and Leon, Spain

Ribadelago, Castille and Leon, Spain

San Martn de Castaeda, Castilla y Len, Espaa

First depiction of the dinoflagellate now know as Ceratium fusus by Christian Ehrenberg in 1834 as Peridinium fusus.

From the Bay of Villefranche in December 2013

Ceratium furca from the Bay of Villefranche. Living cell, note that the trailing flagella was rotating.

First depiction of Ceratium furca was by Christian Ehrenberg in 1834 as Perdinium furca. Note the drawing of a rotating flagella.

First described by Paul Gourret in 1883 as Ceratium fusus, var. extensum. now known as Ceratium extensum or Neoceratium extensum

Ceratium extensum (or Neoceratium extensum), the longest Ceratium species. Specimen from the Bay of Villefranche.

Reboredo, Galicia, Spain

Reboredo, Galicia, Spain

Tarragona, Catalunya, Espaa

Ceratium (serr-at-ee-um) longipes, a representative of a large and distinctive genus of marine autotrophic dinoflagellates - made distinctive by having one anterior projection and two or as in this case three, posterior horns. Phase contrast microscopy.

Ceratium (serr-ate-ee-um), dinoflagellate, the chloroplasts of which are evident because they emit red light when illuminated with intense UV light. The UV light is filtered out so that only the red fluorescence is visible. This is a dinoflagellate. Fluorescence microscopy image by Dave Caron.

Ceratium cornutum.

The epicone of this species showing the typically curved anterior horn, with its open end. The hypocone is seen extending into two asymmetric posterior horns, whose ends are pointed and closed. The circumferential flagellum (cannot be seen in the picture) lies in the well visible cingulum, a circular , equatorial groove. The longitudinal flagellum, passing through the sulcus, is seen between the posterior horns. Some of the borders between the plates of the specimen are recognizable. The complete tabulation of the species (not visible in picture) is said to consist of 16 plates, 9 on the epicone, 7 on the hypocone. The cellulose-containing plates are perforated by numerous pores, some of which discernible in the image. 

Bright field portrait of the dinoflagellate Ceratium furca (Ehrenberg) Claparéde and Lachmann 1858, trailing flagellum can be seenb. From a freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho.

C. furca is a species with strongly developed apical horns, the left antapical horn is twice as long as the right one. The epithecal plates arereticulated to form ridges This species forms blooms in summer/ autumn in the North and Irish Sea.