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Doubtful Knight's Spur

Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur

Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / pathogen
Cucumber Mosaic virus infects and damages live, stunted, flowerless plant of Consolida ajacis

Foodplant / parasite
Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi parasitises Consolida ajacis

Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Polychrysia moneta grazes on live leaf of Consolida ajacis
Remarks: season: summer

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Comments

provided by eFloras
In many floras the names Consolida ambigua (Linnaeus) Ball & Heywood and Delphinium ambiguum Linnaeus have been misapplied to this taxon.

Consolida ajacis has escaped and become more or less naturalized in many temperate and subtropical parts of the world. It is by far the most commonly encountered species of Consolida in North America.

The Cherokee used Consolida ajacis medicinally in infusions to treat heart problems (D. E. Moerman 1986, as Delphinium ajacis ).

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Description

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Stems 3-8(-10) dm, glabrous to sparsely puberulent. Leaves 5-20 or more. Leaf blade orbiculate, 12-60-lobed or more, 1-5 cm wide, glabrous to puberulent, lobes less than 1.5 mm wide. Inflorescences 6-30(-75)-flowered, simple or with 3 or fewer branches; bracts (at least lowermost 2) with 5 or more lobes; pedicel ascending-spreading, 1-3(-5) cm, ± puberulent; bracteoles not touching sepals, 4-20mm from flower, ± linear, 1-3mm, ± puberulent. Flowers: sepals blue to purple, rarely pink or white, nearly glabrous, lower sepal 8-18 × 4-8mm, lateral sepals 8-18 × 6-14 mm, spur 12-20 mm; petals of same color as sepals or whiter, lateral lobes 3-6mm, terminal lobes 5-8 × 2-4 mm, sinus 0.2-1 mm. Follicles 12-25 mm, puberulent.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Distribution

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introduced; B.C., Man., Ont.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.C., N.Dak., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.; native to Europe and Africa; introduced in Asia and Australia.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering summer.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Habitat

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Waste places, old homesites, drainage ditches, roadsides, and railroads; 0-2000m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Synonym

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Delphinium ajacis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 531. 1753
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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visit source
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eFloras

Consolida ajacis

provided by wikipedia EN

Follicles and seeds - MHNT

Consolida ajacis (doubtful knight's spur or rocket larkspur) is an annual flowering plant of the family Ranunculaceae native to Eurasia. It is widespread in other areas, including much of North America, where it is an introduced species. It is frequently grown in gardens as an ornamental for its spikes of blue, pink or white flowers. It may reach a meter in height. Since the aerial parts and seeds of C. ajacis have been found to contain diterpenoid alkaloids (see below), including the highly toxic methyllycaconitine, the plants should be considered as poisonous.

Sowing

In the UK, Consolida ajacis can be sowed under cover between February and April, or directly outdoors between April and May and/or late August and September.[1]

Flowering

In Europe, it flowers between June and October.[2]

Chemical constituents

The first alkaloid to be isolated from C. ajacis seeds was ajaconine, reported by Keller and Volker in 1914.[3] Since that time, over thirty other structurally related diterpenoid alkaloids have been reported; these are:[4]

14-acetylbrowniine

14-acetyldelcosine

14-acetyldelectine

13-O-acetylvakhmatine

ajabicine

ajacine

ajacusine

ajadelphine

ajadelphinine

ajadine

ajadinine

ajanine

ambiguine

anthranoyllycoctonine

browniine

14-deacetylajadine

14-deacetylambiguine

delajacine

delajacirine

delajadine

delcosine

delectine

delphatine

delpheline

delphisine

delsoline

deltaline

deltatsine

dihydroajaconine

gigactonine

lycoctonine

18-methoxygadesine

methyllycaconitine

19-oxoanthranoyllycoctonine

19-oxodelphatine

takaosamine

vakhmatine

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "Sarah Raven". Consolida ajacis 'Dark Blue'. Retrieved 12 February 2020
  2. ^ "Sarah Raven". Consolida ajacis 'Dark Blue'. Retrieved 12 February 2020
  3. ^ O. Keller and O. Volker (1914) Arch. Pharm. 251 207-216.
  4. ^ V. Venkateswarlu, S. K. Srivastava, B. S. Joshi, H. K. Desai and S. W. Pelletier (1995) J. Nat. Prod. 58 1527-1532.

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Consolida ajacis: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN
Follicles and seeds - MHNT

Consolida ajacis (doubtful knight's spur or rocket larkspur) is an annual flowering plant of the family Ranunculaceae native to Eurasia. It is widespread in other areas, including much of North America, where it is an introduced species. It is frequently grown in gardens as an ornamental for its spikes of blue, pink or white flowers. It may reach a meter in height. Since the aerial parts and seeds of C. ajacis have been found to contain diterpenoid alkaloids (see below), including the highly toxic methyllycaconitine, the plants should be considered as poisonous.

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