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All Biocode files are based on field identifications to the best of the researcher’s ability at the time.
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Foraminiferans living in polluted environments often show alterations in the morphology of their tests. This individual, isolated from a site in Norway which is contaminated with heavy metals, exhibits reduced chamber size in some of its chambers (notice that the test is not evenly rounded.) Image courtesy of Dr. Elisabeth Alve, University of Oslo. Citation: Alve, E. Benthic foraminifera reflecting pollution. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 21:1-19.
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Image of the holotype. Specimen is badly etched and difficult to place taxonomically. Test is 1.18 mm. in long dimension. Image courtesy of David B. Scott, Dalhousie University. This image was originally published in
Palaeologica Electronica, vol. 3, issue 2, and is used with the kind permission of that journal and the Paleontological Association.
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Cribroelphidium poeyanum, an epiphytic foraminiferan from Twin Cays, Belize
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Guadiana intertidal environments; figs. 1 and 2 from Fig. 5 (images 22 and 23) in Camacho, S., Moura, D., Connor, S., Boski, T. and Scott, D. 2015. Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal). Palaeontologia Electronica, 18.1.17A, 1-27.
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Guadiana intertidal environments; from Fig. 5 (image 11) in Camacho, S., Moura, D., Connor, S., Boski, T. and Scott, D. 2015. Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal). Palaeontologia Electronica, 18.1.17A, 1-27.
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Hofker, J. (1964). Foraminifera from the tidal zone in the Netherlands Antilles and other West Indian Islands. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands. vol. 21., available online at
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/506177 page(s): p. 111 fig. 272
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Image source: Cushman, J.A. 1930. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean. Part 7. Nonionidae, Camerinidae, Peneroplidae and Alveolinellidae. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 104.
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New Zealand, early Miocene
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Lei, Y.; Li, T. (2016). Atlas of Benthic Foraminifera from China Seas. The Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Springer, Beiijing, p.371. a-c holotype; d-i paratypes
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Longitude (deg): -2.4. Latitude (deg): 50.5. Longitude (deg/min): 2° 30' W. Latitude (deg/min): 50° 40' N. Vice county name: Dorset. Vice county no.: 9. Country: England. Associated species: Bryopsis plumosa. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: in Bryopsis plumosa tuft at low spring tide. Category: microscope photograph. Image scaling: microscope low magnification. Background: white background. Photographic equipment used: Canon EOS1000D dSLR and Axioskop microscope with \"2.5\" projection eye-piece.
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Polystomella aculeata.
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Image of the holotype. Test is 1.26 mm. across. Image courtesy of David B. Scott, Dalhousie University. This image was originally published in
Palaeologica Electronica, vol. 3, issue 2, and is used with the kind permission of that journal and the Paleontological Association.
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Elphidium aculeatum sensu Jones, R.W. 1994. The Challenger Foraminifera. Image source: Brady, H.B. (1884) Pl. 110
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location: Hornsund Source: http://www.iopan.gda.pl/projects/biodaff/EMBS-06.html
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Image source: Cushman, J.A. 1930. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean. Part 7. Nonionidae, Camerinidae, Peneroplidae and Alveolinellidae. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 104. Note: According to Le Calvez ( 1977), Cushman's description (fig. 9) of E. discoidale does not fit with d'Orbigny's species: Fig. 8 reproduces d'Orbigny's drawing.
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Marlborough Sounds, Queen Charlotte Sound, 25 m depth; Plate 15 in Hayward, B.W., Grenfell, H.R., Reid, C.M., Hayward, K.A. 1999. Recent New Zealand shallow-water benthic Foraminifera: Taxonomy, ecologic distribution, biogeography, and use in paleoenvironmental assessment. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Monograph 21, 258 p.
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New Zealand, Early Miocene
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Longitude (deg): -2.4. Latitude (deg): 50.5. Longitude (deg/min): 2° 30' W. Latitude (deg/min): 50° 40' N. Vice county name: Dorset. Vice county no.: 9. Country: England. Associated species: Bryopsis plumosa. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: in Bryopsis plumosa tuft at low spring tide. Category: microscope photograph. Image scaling: microscope low magnification. Background: white background. Photographic equipment used: Canon EOS1000D dSLR and Axioskop microscope with \"2.5\" projection eye-piece.
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This unidentified species inhabited the Laguna Madre area at one time, but is not found there now. Image courtesy of Pamela Stephens, Midwestern State University.
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Image of holotype, showing the aperture. Image courtesy of David B. Scott, Dalhousie University. This image was originally published in
Palaeologica Electronica, vol. 3, issue 2, and is used with the kind permission of that journal and the Paleontological Association.
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Guadiana intertidal environments; from Fig. 5 (image 10) in Camacho, S., Moura, D., Connor, S., Boski, T. and Scott, D. 2015. Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal). Palaeontologia Electronica, 18.1.17A, 1-27.
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Hofker, J. (1964). Foraminifera from the tidal zone in the Netherlands Antilles and other West Indian Islands. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands. vol. 21., available online at
http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/506177 page(s): p. 113 fig. 271
