dcsimg

Diagnostic Description

provided by Fishbase
Distinguished by the following combination of characters: subcircular disc, very angular anteriorly, length 1.1 times DW; pectoral-fin apices broadly rounded; snout extremely elongate, 11-18 times orbit diameter, 96-99° angle; snout to maximum disc width 52-58% of DW; orbit very small, diameter 0.4-0.5 of spiracle length, 3.8-6.3 times in interorbital distance; mouth not greatly protrusible; prepelvic process not expanded; 1-3 enlarged, flattened, pearl-shaped mid-scapular denticles; denticles of main band in two main sizes in adults, crowns plate-like to heart-shaped; dorsal disc uniformly yellowish, brownish, or greyish; ventral surface of adults usually canary yellow in fresh material, often black around oronasal region and gill slits; pectoral fin radials 135-143; pelvic-fin radials 22-28; total vertebral centra 99-108 (Ref. 58025).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Estelita Emily Capuli
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Biology

provided by Fishbase
Demersal inshore; commonly found over shallow intertidal mud flats and in estuaries in only several metres depth. Viviparous, with histotrophy. Presumably feeds on crustaceans, molluscs and small fishes. Caught regularly, but usually avoided, by beach seine fisheries operating in intertidal habitats. Possibly adversely affected by mangrove loss. Utilized for its meat, and possibly also for its skin and cartilage. (Ref.58048).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Estelita Emily Capuli
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Hortle's whipray

provided by wikipedia EN

The Hortle's whipray (Himantura hortlei) is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, occurring in shallow estuaries and mud flats off southern New Guinea. This species, growing to 71 cm (28 in) across, has a heart-shaped pectoral fin disc with a long, pointed snout and minute eyes. It has a wide dorsal band of dermal denticles extending from in front of the eyes to the tail, as well as scattered sharp denticles on the snout. The underside of the disc is a distinctive bright yellow in color, sometimes with darker markings around the nostrils, mouth, and gill slits. The Hortle's whipray is threatened by extensive seine fisheries and habitat degradation, leading the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assess it as Near Threatened.

Taxonomy

The Hortle's whipray was named after Kent Hortle, a biological consultant at the Freeport mine in the Indonesian province of Papua, who provided the first photographs and fresh specimens of the ray to biologists. The species was formally described by Peter Last, Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, and Patricia Kailola in a 2006 issue of the scientific journal Zootaxa. An adult male 71 cm (28 in) across, collected from the estuary of the Minajerwi River, was designated as the type specimen. This ray belongs to the 'uarnacoides' species complex, along with H. chaophraya, H. granulata, H. lobistoma, H. pastinacoides, and H. uarnacoides.[2]

Distribution and habitat

The Hortle's whipray is found only off southern Papua province, and perhaps also neighboring Papua New Guinea.[2] It inhabits brackish water estuaries and intertidal mud flats, in water no deeper than 10 m (33 ft).[1]

Description

The pectoral fin disc of the Hortle's whipray is heart-shaped and slightly longer than wide; the anterior margins are concave and converge on a highly elongated, narrowly triangular snout. The eyes are tiny and spaced wide apart, and immediately followed by large, teardrop-shaped spiracles. There is a broad, roughly rectangular curtain of skin between the nostrils with a finely fringed posterior margin. The mouth is strongly bow-shaped and does not contain papillae (nipple-shaped structures). The small, blunt teeth are set closely with a quincunx pattern, and stained orange to brown in adults. There are 21–25 upper and 24–28 lower tooth rows. The five pairs of gill slits are distinctively S-shaped.[2]

The pelvic fins are short and broad. The very thin tail measures 2.6–3.4 times as long as the body, and lacks fin folds. One or two stinging tail spines are placed on the upper surface of the tail, about one-third of a disc width back from the tail base. A wide band of flattened dermal denticles, composed of larger heart-shaped denticles and smaller variably-shaped interstitial denticles, runs along the dorsal surface of the disc from before the eyes to the tail. Small, sharp denticles are scattered over the snout and concentrated at the tip. The tail past the sting is uniformly covered by denticles. The lateral line network is well-developed both over and beneath the disc. Smaller rays are plain greenish gray above, while larger rays are yellowish brown; the tail is uniformly brown and lighter in front of the sting. The underside is distinctively bright yellow, with a thin dark border around the disc margin and sometimes darker blotches around the nostrils, mouth, and gill slits.[2] The largest known male is 71 cm (28 in) across, and the largest female 65 cm (26 in) across.[3]

Biology and ecology

Little is known of the natural history of the Hortle's whipray. It is presumed to be a predator of crustaceans, molluscs, and small fishes.[3] Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, with the females supplying their developing embryos with histotroph ("uterine milk"); the young are born at under 20 cm (7.9 in) across.[1]

Human interactions

Beach seine fishers targeting prawns try to avoid the Hortle's whipray, but still take it regularly as bycatch. The meat, and possibly also the skin and cartilage, is utilized.[3] This ray is also threatened by habitat degradation, from the large-scale destruction of mangroves, intensive mining activity, and river pollution. While the Hortle's whipray remains common within its small range, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) believes these factors have led to a population decline, and has assessed it as Near Threatened.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Rigby, C.L.; Derrick, D. (2021). "Pateobatis hortlei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T161598A124512513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161598A124512513.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Last, P.R.; B.M. Manjaji-Matsumoto & P.J. Kailola (June 21, 2006). "Himantura hortlei n. sp., a new species of whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Irian Jaya, Indonesia". Zootaxa. 1239: 19–34.
  3. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2010). "Himantura hortlei" in FishBase. August 2010 version.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Hortle's whipray: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The Hortle's whipray (Himantura hortlei) is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, occurring in shallow estuaries and mud flats off southern New Guinea. This species, growing to 71 cm (28 in) across, has a heart-shaped pectoral fin disc with a long, pointed snout and minute eyes. It has a wide dorsal band of dermal denticles extending from in front of the eyes to the tail, as well as scattered sharp denticles on the snout. The underside of the disc is a distinctive bright yellow in color, sometimes with darker markings around the nostrils, mouth, and gill slits. The Hortle's whipray is threatened by extensive seine fisheries and habitat degradation, leading the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assess it as Near Threatened.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN