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Fuligo septica var. flava (Pers.) Morgan, syn.: Mucor septicus L., Aethalium flavum (Pers) LinkFlowers of Tan, DE: Gelbe LohblteSlo.: reslov cvet, rumeni razliekDat.: Sept. 05. 2014Lat.: 46.35965 Long.: 13.70116Code: Bot_832/2014_DSC3621Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant, moderately southeast inclined mountain slope, shallow, skeletal calcareous ground, old overgrown slope and moraine scree with larger rocks and boulders, in shade, relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: debarked trunk of Picea abies lying on ground in its late disintegration stage.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to abandoned farmhouse 'Strgulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Fuligo septica is probably the most common and widely known Myxomicete. The latest monograph on Myxomycetes I have (Ref.:1) describes six varieties of this species, which differ mostly in cortex structure (single versus double layered) and color of different parts of sporocarp and plasmodium. Fuligo septica var. flava should have vivid yellow aethalia, yellow inner lime and yellow plasmodium. Two days before I took these pictures I had seen the plasmodium, which was in a form of vividly yellow colored patch of densely packed small half-spheres. The rest of traits of Fuligo septica var. flava also fit well to my observation.Spores minutely warty, globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 8 [8,4 ; 8,7] 9,1 x 7,4 [8 ; 8,2] 8,7 microns; Q = [1 ; 1,07] 1,1; N = 25; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 8,1 microns; Qe = 1,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (capillitium, calcareous granules); in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1: p390, Vol.2: (2) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland, The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 246. (3) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 123.
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Lycogala epidendrumSlo.: razbarvana grahovkaDate: June 13. 2009Lat.: 46.33439 Long.: 13.48114Code: Bot_354/2009-0083Habitat: Mixed, predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3 -5 deg C, elevation 1.330 m (4.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, heavily rotted trunk of an unknown deciduous tree Place: Gozdec forest, above the road from Mt.Kanin cable car station B to the foot of Mt. Kopa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC
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Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., Syn.: Cionium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Spreng., Diderma squamulosum Alb. & Schwein., Didymium effusum Link, Physarum effusum Link.Family: DidymiaceaeEN: no vernacular name found, DE: no vernacular name foundSlo.: no vernacular name foundDat.: Oct. 30. 2020Lat.: 46.360322 Long.: 13.702932Code: Bot_1344/2020_DSC1440Habitat: Former pasture partly overgrown with tall herb, bushes and scattered trees; slightly inclined terrain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; open, sunny place; exposed to direct precipitations, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a dead trunk of Juglans regia in its initial disintegration stage laying on ground, partly sitting on Collema sp. (probably Collema crispum = Blennothallia crispa) thallus.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Habit and presence of lime crystals speak almost certainly in favor of the genus Didymium. Dimensions of spores inclined me toward Didymium melanospermum (Pers.) T. Macbr. at first. However, other traits, particularly furrowed stalks, whitish stalk color (should be bark to black) and presence of lime in them (it should be absent), changed my initial supposition in favor to similar Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. in spite of the fact that measured spore dimensions doesn't fit so nicely to the second option. Another discrepancy of the find (related to booth species) is the fact that vast majority of the sporocarps appeared sessile, while they should normally be distinctly stalked and only rarely 'sessile'. According to literature Didymium squamulosum is considered a very variable species and apparently sessile sporocarps are found occasionally too, so they may not be a severe argument against this determination.Description: Sporocarps up to 1.1 mm tall, most of them seemingly sessile having rudimentary stalks hidden in strongly umbicilate sporocysts below; only a few distinctly stalked; sporocysts sub-globose or oblate, 0.6-1 mm in diameter, when wet bluish-gray, half dry pale-gray, when dry white; with simple, membranous, colorless to light-yellowish, translucent peridium covered by a thick layer of crystalline lime; crystals usually larger than spores; (hypo)columella present, flattened, perimeter about 1/3 or slightly less of the sporocysts perimeter; white to beige, light brownish (best seen in transparent light); capillitium thin, scantily branched with rare, small nodular swellings; attached to peridium. Stalks short, mostly hidden; some distinct but not longer than 2/3 of sporocysts diameter, longitudinally striate, No confluent plasmodial form observed at the site of stalk attachment to substrate.To our knowledge, up to present three observations of this rare (or overlooked) species in Slovenia have been described up to now (Ref.:5, Ref.:6 and Ref.:7). Microscopy: Spores densely warted (< 0.5m high warts), globose to sub-globose dark brown to black on mass (dry); dimensions: (10,5)10,8 - 12(12,6) (9,9)10,4 - 11,5(11,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,1; N = 21; Me = 11,4 10,9 m; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, capillitium), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (lime crystals, stalk), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (capillitium); in water; fresh and dried material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Columella, stalk and capillitium also: Sony ILCE6000 on trino-stereomicroscope Novex RZ, Holland.Ref.:(1) H. Neubert, W. Nowotny, K. Baumann - H. Marx, Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderen Bercksichtigung sterreichs, Vol., 2., Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, (1995), p 129 (D. melanospermum p 117).(2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 463 (D. melanospermum 466).(2b) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2. p 383.(3)
sarahlloydmyxos.wordpress.com/identification/#jp-carousel... (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(4)
digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1218&a... , p3-2-25 (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(5) S. Behri, Raznolikost Pravih Sluzavk v okolici Mengea, (in Slovene) (True Slime Molds (Myxomicetes) Diversity in Vicinity of Menge) (in Slovene), Graduation Thesis, University Studies, University in Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology department (2015).(6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed Dec. 12. 2020)(7) Voss W. Mycologia Carniolica: ein Beitrag zur Pilzkunde des Alpenlandes (1892), Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, Camera: Sony ILCE6000 on trinocular stereomicroscope Novex RZ, Holland
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Stemonitis lignicola Nann.-Bremek, syn.: Stemonitis splendens MorenoSlo.: no name.Dat.: July 20. 2016 - 10:17Code: Bot_1075/2017_DSC8264Lat.: 46.35975 Long.: 13.70152Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant tree following by Picea abies; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect, old colluvial, calcareous, skeletal ground; in shade; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 602 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: old, cut off, standing trunk of Fagus sylvatica, partly debarked.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to Strgulc abandoned farm house, Soa 48, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Stemonitis lignicola is generally considered a quite rare species. However, all macro and micro traits of this find as well as substratum fit well to Stemonitis lignicola descriptions in literature. An exception may be slightly large spores. However, the observed differences in diameter are roughly of the same size as between an example shown in Ref. 3 compared to average given in Ref.: 2. Capillitium extensions (resembling warts or free ends) were found rare and small. Note that Ref: 2 doesn't mention capillitium extensions at all and talks about smooth capilitial threads, while Ref.: 5 claims presence of capillitium extensions for this species.Sporocarps cylindrical, somewhat curved, about 12 mm high and 0.35-0.45 mm in diameter, stalks 2.5-3 mm long; surface capilitial net distinctive, uniform, small meshed, with rare extensions; capilitial internal net sparse, thick, with some membranous expansions; columella reaching the tip of sporocarps, gradually tapering toward the top, frequently bended in the upper part of the sporocarp; stalks short, blackish brown to black, shiny; hypothallus membranous, shiny; plasmodium white; spores on mass abundant, dark brown. Spores evenly, densely but minutely warty (verruculose); globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 7,9 [8,2 ; 8,3] 8,7 x 7,3 [7,8 ; 8] 8,4 microns; Q = [1 ; 1,07] 1,1; N = 36; C = 95%; Me = 8,3 x 7,9 microns; Qe = 1,1. Taken from dried material by gently tapping sporocarps. Average outer net (peridium) mesh 21 microns in diameter (SD=7 microns, N=30). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), in water; NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (capillitium, stalk); Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (capillitium). AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 203.(2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 541.(3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2., p 538. (4) S. Behri, Raznolikost Pravih Sluzavk (Myxomycetes) v okolici Mengea, (in Slovene) (True Slime Molds (Myxomicetes) Diversity in Vicinity of Menge) (in Slovene), Graduation Thesis, University Studies, University in Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology department (2015), p 119. (5) H. Neubert, W. Nowotny, K. Baumann - H. Marx, Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderen Bercksichtigung sterreichs, Vol.3., Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, (2000), p 284.
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Fuligo septica (L.)Wigg., syn. Mucorsepticus L., Reticularia septica (L.) With., Aethalium septicum (L.) Fr., Fuligo varians Sommerf.Scrambled-egg slime, Dog vomit slime mold, Flowers of Tan, DE: Gelbe Lohblte, HexenbutterSlo.: reslov cvetThe aethalium picture taken on July 21. Dat.: July 21. 2014Lat.: 46.36114 Long.: 13.70122Habitat: old partly tree overgrown pasture, near mixed wood edge; moderately southeast inclined foot of an old overgrown scree slope; open, dry, sunny place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a stump of Picea abies cut down three years ago.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, upper part of 'Na Melu' place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Myxomycetes are poorly known yet very interesting creatures. For decades they have been shuffled back and forth between the animal and plants kingdoms until recognized as separate creatures. They are not animals because they proliferate by spores. They are also not plants since they crumble around (an animal like ability) and fix themselves firmly to substrate only at the end of their life cycle. They don't produce their own food like plants but feed by 'hunting' (actually engulfing) bacteria and tiny bits of other organic matter, which is another animal like feature. The first stage in their development cycle, which is observable in the field, is called plasmodium. Earlier stages (from myxoflagellates, myxoamoebae, to zygote) are microscopic and can be observed only in labs. Plasmodium is a single giant living cell, a clump of protoplasm filled with thousands of cell nuclei, crawling around, eating bacteria and growing. Some of such plasmodia are the largest cells of living creatures known. In some species they can measure several meters across or weight up to 20 kg. That it much larger than ostrich's eggs, which are popularly considered as 'largest living cells'! Plasmodia could be found in the field, some are even brightly colored and easy to spot; however, it is almost impossible to determine to which species they belong. Plasmodium of Fuligo septica is commonly described like disgusting mucus, spilled scrambled eggs, dogs vomiting and other 'benevolent' portrayals.When the time is right or delicate environmental conditions required for growth worsen plasmodia eventually evolves (usually almost completely) into sporocarps of different forms. These are bodies producing spores and then vanishing. In genus Fuligo sporocarp is a cushion like aethalium sitting on a thin whitish, 'fibrous' layer called hypothallus (Fig.14.). These'cushions' are what one usually finds in the field. But, other Myxomycetes develop also many other forms of sporocarps full of beauty, delicacy and imagination. Aethalia of Fuligo septica are usually covered with a kind of crust called cortex, which is brittle and soon crumbles away. In humid conditions it may not fully develop (Ref.1). Inside a mature aethalium there is a mesh of thin tubes or fibers called capillitium and zillions of dark brown spores. Fuligo septica has characteristic nodes on capillitial tubes, which are clearly seen on Fig. 4M. In due course the aethalium decomposes almost entirely into spore mass (Fig.17., 18.), which are sooner or later blown or washed away (Fig.20. taken about three weeks after the first photo). Size and shape of spores and structure of their surface are important traits for species determination. Cushion-shaped aethalium measured approximately 14 x 5 cm and was about 3 cm thick. Spores are minutely warty and globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 8 [8,4 ; 8,7] 9,1 x 7,4 [8 ; 8,2] 8,7 microns; Q = [1 ; 1,07] 1,1; N = 25; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 8,1 microns; Qe = 1,05. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (capillitium), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (hypothallus); in water, living material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Spore sample taken on July 23. 2014.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland, The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 246(2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 123(3)
www.hiddenforest.co.nz/slime/family/physaraceae/physa02.htm 6-9(4) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Bozzonet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p128; Vol.2., p168.
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Reticularia splendens var. jurana (Meyl.) Kowalski, syn.: Enteridium juranum (Meyl.) Mornand, Enteridium splendens var. juranum (Meyl.) Hrk., Reticularia jurana Meyl., Reticularia lycoperdon var. jurana (Meyl.) G. ListerE: no name, DE: no nameSlo.: no nameLat.: 46.35884 Long.: 13.69819Dat.: Oct.18.2016Code: Bot_1020/2016_DSC5897Habitat: pasture, at the edge of the mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined slope at the foot of mountains, south east aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; mostly sunny place; relatively warm and dry place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: dead, thick, partly decorticated branch of Ostrya carpinifolia laying on ground; fund on top side of it; wood still firm, hard to cut; in its initial state of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; pasture west of Strgulc abandoned farm house, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Three aethaila found in a circle of about 0.4 m diameter. This myxomicete can be recognized by its vividly pink (not yet mature) aethalia, white hypothallus, characteristic spores, which are distinctly reticulate only on about 2/3 of their surface and persistent pseudocapillitium consisting of membranous perforated plates and threads. Reticularia splendens var. jurana can be distinguished from Reticularia splendens var. splendens by smaller size of aethalia and flaccid cortex.To my knowledge this is the second or third find of this species in Slovenia and the first one in the Julian Alps. Spores coarsely reticulated on about 2/3 of their surface and minutely warted (barely seen with my equipment) on the rest of it; globose to subglobose. Dimensions (without reticule and warts): 6,3 [7 ; 7,2] 7,8 x 6,1 [6,8 ; 7] 7,6 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,1 x 6,9 microns; Qe = 1. Reticule > 1 micron high. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x and NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (pseudocapillitium); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Spores were taken from the centre of the second aethalium (Fig. 5, larger one) by soft brush.Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 89 (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 122(3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 318; Vol.2. p 52.(4)
www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/572530 (5)
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_karta_sre.aspx?idorg=d0561d66-42d2-4f...
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Fuligo septica var. flava (Pers.) Morgan, syn.: Mucor septicus L., Aethalium flavum (Pers) LinkFlowers of Tan, DE: Gelbe LohblteSlo.: reslov cvet, rumeni razliekDat.: Oct. 17. 2016Lat.: 46.35977 Long.: 13.70137Code:Bot_1019/2016_DSC5774Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant, moderately southeast inclined mountain slope, shallow, skeletal calcareous ground, old overgrown slope and moraine scree with larger rocks and boulders, in shade, relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: debarked roots of dead Picea abies, still standing.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to abandoned farmhouse 'Strgulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Fuligo septica is probably the most common and widely known Myxomicete. One of its varieties - Fuligo septica var. flava - has vivid yellow aethalia and yellow plasmodium (I haven't seen it this time). Yet, this typical color pertains only to mature but still fresh aethalia (pictures 10-13). With time cortex becomes darker, almost golden (picture 14), then black inside becomes visible (pictures 15, 16). In next phase cortex become whitish (pictures 17, 18) and finally it disappears and only blackish-reddish-brown spore mass is seen (pictures 19, 20). It is interesting that this find was found only a few meters away of the site where I photographed the same species two years ago (see Album Fuligo septica var. flava - I, Dec. 2014) (see MO observations #194527). In both observations spores are unusually large.Spores minutely warty, globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 8,5 [9,1 ; 9,4] 10 x 8 [8,6 ; 8,8] 9,4 microns; Q = [1 ; 1,08] 1,1; N = 35; C = 95%; Me = 9,2 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1: p390, Vol.2: p 169.(2) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland, The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 246. (3) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 123.
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Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fr.Wolf's Milk, Groening's Slime, DE: BlutmilchpilzSlo.: razbarvana grahovkaDat.: Nov. 9. 2017Lat.: 46.36014 Long.: 13.70435Code: Bot_1096/2017_DSC9621Picture file names: from Lycogala-epidendrum_raw_20 to Lycogala-epidendrum_raw_24.Habitat: mountain pasture; slightly inclined terrain, southeast aspect; colluvial/glacial, calcareous ground; full sun, dry place; elevation 575 m (1.900 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a pile of partly rotten stump of Picea abies, mostly still in bark.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2 farm house, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Average diameter of seven aethalia found was somewhat small (AVG = 4.5 mm, SD = 0.6 mm) compared to data from literature (the smallest had only 2.2 mm in diameter); however all other macroscopic traits fit well to Lycogala epidendrum species descriptions. Microscopically spore dimensions, their shape and reticulated surface, all fit to this species. Also pseudocapillitium diameter, its surface with conspicuous transverse faults and its club shaped free ends fit well. Spore mass grayish with pink tint. Spores reticulated, globose to subglobose. Dimensions: (6,7) 7 - 7,5 (7,9) x (6,5) 6,8 - 7,3 (7,5) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 35; Me = 7,3 x 7,1 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (pseudocapillitium), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (pseudocapillitium); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 91. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 135. (3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 321; Vol.2. p 75. (4) S. Behri, Raznolikost Pravih Sluzavk (Myxomycetes) v okolici Mengea, (in Slovene) (True Slime Molds (Myxomicetes) Diversity in Vicinity of Menge) (in Slovene), Graduation Thesis, University Studies, University in Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology department (2015), p 74. Baumann - H. Marx, Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderen Bercksichtigung sterreichs, Vol.1., Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, (1993, 1995, 2000), p 135.
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Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., Syn.: Cionium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Spreng., Diderma squamulosum Alb. & Schwein., Didymium effusum Link, Physarum effusum Link.Family: DidymiaceaeEN: no vernacular name found, DE: no vernacular name foundSlo.: no vernacular name foundDat.: Oct. 30. 2020Lat.: 46.360322 Long.: 13.702932Code: Bot_1344/2020_DSC1440Habitat: Former pasture partly overgrown with tall herb, bushes and scattered trees; slightly inclined terrain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; open, sunny place; exposed to direct precipitations, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a dead trunk of Juglans regia in its initial disintegration stage laying on ground, partly sitting on Collema sp. (probably Collema crispum = Blennothallia crispa) thallus.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Habit and presence of lime crystals speak almost certainly in favor of the genus Didymium. Dimensions of spores inclined me toward Didymium melanospermum (Pers.) T. Macbr. at first. However, other traits, particularly furrowed stalks, whitish stalk color (should be bark to black) and presence of lime in them (it should be absent), changed my initial supposition in favor to similar Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. in spite of the fact that measured spore dimensions doesn't fit so nicely to the second option. Another discrepancy of the find (related to booth species) is the fact that vast majority of the sporocarps appeared sessile, while they should normally be distinctly stalked and only rarely 'sessile'. According to literature Didymium squamulosum is considered a very variable species and apparently sessile sporocarps are found occasionally too, so they may not be a severe argument against this determination.Description: Sporocarps up to 1.1 mm tall, most of them seemingly sessile having rudimentary stalks hidden in strongly umbicilate sporocysts below; only a few distinctly stalked; sporocysts sub-globose or oblate, 0.6-1 mm in diameter, when wet bluish-gray, half dry pale-gray, when dry white; with simple, membranous, colorless to light-yellowish, translucent peridium covered by a thick layer of crystalline lime; crystals usually larger than spores; (hypo)columella present, flattened, perimeter about 1/3 or slightly less of the sporocysts perimeter; white to beige, light brownish (best seen in transparent light); capillitium thin, scantily branched with rare, small nodular swellings; attached to peridium. Stalks short, mostly hidden; some distinct but not longer than 2/3 of sporocysts diameter, longitudinally striate, No confluent plasmodial form observed at the site of stalk attachment to substrate.To our knowledge, up to present three observations of this rare (or overlooked) species in Slovenia have been described up to now (Ref.:5, Ref.:6 and Ref.:7). Microscopy: Spores densely warted (< 0.5m high warts), globose to sub-globose dark brown to black on mass (dry); dimensions: (10,5)10,8 - 12(12,6) (9,9)10,4 - 11,5(11,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,1; N = 21; Me = 11,4 10,9 m; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, capillitium), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (lime crystals, stalk), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (capillitium); in water; fresh and dried material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Columella, stalk and capillitium also: Sony ILCE6000 on trino-stereomicroscope Novex RZ, Holland.Ref.:(1) H. Neubert, W. Nowotny, K. Baumann - H. Marx, Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderen Bercksichtigung sterreichs, Vol., 2., Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, (1995), p 129 (D. melanospermum p 117).(2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 463 (D. melanospermum 466).(2b) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2. p 383.(3)
sarahlloydmyxos.wordpress.com/identification/#jp-carousel... (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(4)
digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1218&a... , p3-2-25 (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(5) S. Behri, Raznolikost Pravih Sluzavk v okolici Mengea, (in Slovene) (True Slime Molds (Myxomicetes) Diversity in Vicinity of Menge) (in Slovene), Graduation Thesis, University Studies, University in Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology department (2015).(6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed Dec. 12. 2020)(7) Voss W. Mycologia Carniolica: ein Beitrag zur Pilzkunde des Alpenlandes (1892), Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, Camera: Sony ILCE6000 on trinocular stereomicroscope Novex RZ, Holland
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Stemonitis lignicola Nann.-Bremek, syn.: Stemonitis splendens MorenoSlo.: no name.Dat.: July 06. 2016Lat.: 46.36002 Long.: 13.70436Code: Bot_984/2016_DSC3464Habitat: grassy yard of a farmhouse, open place; almost flat terrain, calcareous, skeletal ground; partly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by the trough, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.870 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: eleven years old, handmade wooden water trough (Larix decidua wood), standing on four thin wooden legs; wood still (almost) intact, the trough still capable to hold water.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to Trenta 2, Skokar (abandoned) farm house, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Spore dimensions and type of surface, size and color of the sporocarps, small meshed, persistent peridial net, sparsely branched internal capillitium with extensions, wavy columella toward its end, columella reaching the apex of the sporocarps, as well as habitus and substratum fit well to the description of Stemonitis lignicola in the literature. Sporocarps 8.2-8.5 mm high, stalks 2- 2.1 mm long. Spore print abundant, dark brown. What I am curious is, did the whole development process of this myxomicete from start to the end take place on the water trough (which is most of the time dry and standing in free air), or did this thing really climb up one of the thin trough's legs in the form of plasmodium before building sporocarps?Spores evenly, densely and minutely warty (verruculose); globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 6,8 [7,2; 7,4] 7,8 x 6 [6,6 ; 6,8] 7,3 microns; Q = 1 [1,1] 1,2; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,3 x 6,7 microns; Qe = 1,1. Taken from dried material by gently tapping sporocarps. Outer net (peridium) mesh dimensions: 7.5 [19.3 ; 23.2] 35 x 7 [15.3 ; 18] 26.3 microns; Q = 0.8 [1.2 ; 1.4] 1.8; N = 50; C = 95%; Me = 21.2 x 16.7 microns; Qe = 1.3. The largest meshes haven't been taken into account; assuming they are the consequence of damages during microscopy. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), in water; NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (capillitium extensions), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (stalk); Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (peridium, capillitium), in air without cover glass. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 203. (2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 541. (3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2., p 538. (4) Personal communication with Mr. Marko Sovre, owner of the water trough, who showed me the find.
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Brodick Castle, Arran. NS007381
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Reticularia splendens var. jurana (Meyl.) Kowalski, syn.: Enteridium juranum (Meyl.) Mornand, Enteridium splendens var. juranum (Meyl.) Hrk., Reticularia jurana Meyl., Reticularia lycoperdon var. jurana (Meyl.) G. ListerE: no name, DE: no nameSlo.: no nameLat.: 46.35884 Long.: 13.69819Dat.: Oct. 21. 2016Code: Bot_1021/2016_DSC5937Habitat: pasture, at the edge of the mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined slope at the foot of mountains, south east aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; mostly sunny place; relatively warm and dry place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: dead, thick, partly decorticated branch of Ostrya carpinifolia laying on ground; fund on top side of it; wood still firm, hard to cut; in its initial state of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; pasture west of Strgulc abandoned farm house, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Three aethaila found in a circle of about 0.4 m diameter. This myxomicete can be recognized by its vividly pink (not yet mature) aethalia, white hypothallus, characteristic spores, which are distinctly reticulate only on about 2/3 of their surface and persistent pseudocapillitium consisting of membranous perforated plates and threads. Reticularia splendens var. jurana can be distinguished from Reticularia splendens var. splendens by smaller size of aethalia and flaccid cortex.To my knowledge this is the second or third find of this species in Slovenia and the first one in the Julian Alps. Spores coarsely reticulated on about 2/3 of their surface and minutely warted (barely seen with my equipment) on the rest of it; globose to subglobose. Dimensions (without reticule and warts): 6,3 [7 ; 7,2] 7,8 x 6,1 [6,8 ; 7] 7,6 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,1 x 6,9 microns; Qe = 1. Reticule > 1 micron high. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x and NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (pseudocapillitium); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Spores were taken from the centre of the second aethalium (Fig. 5, larger one) by soft brush.Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 89 (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 122(3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 318; Vol.2. p 52.(4)
www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/572530 (5)
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_karta_sre.aspx?idorg=d0561d66-42d2-4f...
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Fuligo septica var. flava (Pers.) Morgan, syn.: Mucor septicus L., Aethalium flavum (Pers) LinkFlowers of Tan, DE: Gelbe LohblteSlo.: reslov cvet, rumeni razliekDat.: Sept. 05. 2014Lat.: 46.35965 Long.: 13.70116Code: Bot_832/2014_DSC3621Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant, moderately southeast inclined mountain slope, shallow, skeletal calcareous ground, old overgrown slope and moraine scree with larger rocks and boulders, in shade, relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: debarked trunk of Picea abies lying on ground in its late disintegration stage.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to abandoned farmhouse 'Strgulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Fuligo septica is probably the most common and widely known Myxomicete. The latest monograph on Myxomycetes I have (Ref.:1) describes six varieties of this species, which differ mostly in cortex structure (single versus double layered) and color of different parts of sporocarp and plasmodium. Fuligo septica var. flava should have vivid yellow aethalia, yellow inner lime and yellow plasmodium. Two days before I took these pictures I had seen the plasmodium, which was in a form of vividly yellow colored patch of densely packed small half-spheres. The rest of traits of Fuligo septica var. flava also fit well to my observation.Spores minutely warty, globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 8 [8,4 ; 8,7] 9,1 x 7,4 [8 ; 8,2] 8,7 microns; Q = [1 ; 1,07] 1,1; N = 25; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 8,1 microns; Qe = 1,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (capillitium, calcareous granules); in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1: p390, Vol.2: (2) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland, The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 246. (3) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 123.
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Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fr.Wolf's Milk, Groening's Slime, DE: BlutmilchpilzSlo.: razbarvana grahovkaDat.: Apr. 21. 2013Lat.: 46.33573 Long.: 13.56734Code: Bot_705/2013_IMG3014Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland with some Picea abies, moderately steep, south-west oriented hill side, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, mostly in shade, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.575 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead trunk of deciduous tree lying on ground and in its final phase of disintegration.Place: Bovec basin, southwest slope of the hill Rabeljnik, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lycogala epidendrum is one of the most common and most easy to spot Myxomicete in the upper Soa river region. Immature aethalia are vividly orange and distinctly pop out from surrounding decaying wood. Contrary to this gray-brown mature aethalia blend well with the surrounding and require some effort to be found. Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 91.(2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 135(3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 321; Vol.2. p 75.
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Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., Syn.: Cionium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Spreng., Diderma squamulosum Alb. & Schwein., Didymium effusum Link, Physarum effusum Link.Family: DidymiaceaeEN: no vernacular name found, DE: no vernacular name foundSlo.: no vernacular name foundDat.: Oct. 30. 2020Lat.: 46.360322 Long.: 13.702932Code: Bot_1344/2020_DSC1440Habitat: Former pasture partly overgrown with tall herb, bushes and scattered trees; slightly inclined terrain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; open, sunny place; exposed to direct precipitations, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a dead trunk of Juglans regia in its initial disintegration stage laying on ground, partly sitting on Collema sp. (probably Collema crispum = Blennothallia crispa) thallus.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Habit and presence of lime crystals speak almost certainly in favor of the genus Didymium. Dimensions of spores inclined me toward Didymium melanospermum (Pers.) T. Macbr. at first. However, other traits, particularly furrowed stalks, whitish stalk color (should be bark to black) and presence of lime in them (it should be absent), changed my initial supposition in favor to similar Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. in spite of the fact that measured spore dimensions doesn't fit so nicely to the second option. Another discrepancy of the find (related to booth species) is the fact that vast majority of the sporocarps appeared sessile, while they should normally be distinctly stalked and only rarely 'sessile'. According to literature Didymium squamulosum is considered a very variable species and apparently sessile sporocarps are found occasionally too, so they may not be a severe argument against this determination.Description: Sporocarps up to 1.1 mm tall, most of them seemingly sessile having rudimentary stalks hidden in strongly umbicilate sporocysts below; only a few distinctly stalked; sporocysts sub-globose or oblate, 0.6-1 mm in diameter, when wet bluish-gray, half dry pale-gray, when dry white; with simple, membranous, colorless to light-yellowish, translucent peridium covered by a thick layer of crystalline lime; crystals usually larger than spores; (hypo)columella present, flattened, perimeter about 1/3 or slightly less of the sporocysts perimeter; white to beige, light brownish (best seen in transparent light); capillitium thin, scantily branched with rare, small nodular swellings; attached to peridium. Stalks short, mostly hidden; some distinct but not longer than 2/3 of sporocysts diameter, longitudinally striate, No confluent plasmodial form observed at the site of stalk attachment to substrate.To our knowledge, up to present three observations of this rare (or overlooked) species in Slovenia have been described up to now (Ref.:5, Ref.:6 and Ref.:7). Microscopy: Spores densely warted (< 0.5m high warts), globose to sub-globose dark brown to black on mass (dry); dimensions: (10,5)10,8 - 12(12,6) (9,9)10,4 - 11,5(11,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,1; N = 21; Me = 11,4 10,9 m; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, capillitium), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (lime crystals, stalk), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (capillitium); in water; fresh and dried material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Columella, stalk and capillitium also: Sony ILCE6000 on trino-stereomicroscope Novex RZ, Holland.Ref.:(1) H. Neubert, W. Nowotny, K. Baumann - H. Marx, Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderen Bercksichtigung sterreichs, Vol., 2., Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, (1995), p 129 (D. melanospermum p 117).(2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 463 (D. melanospermum 466).(2b) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2. p 383.(3)
sarahlloydmyxos.wordpress.com/identification/#jp-carousel... (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(4)
digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1218&a... , p3-2-25 (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(5) S. Behri, Raznolikost Pravih Sluzavk v okolici Mengea, (in Slovene) (True Slime Molds (Myxomicetes) Diversity in Vicinity of Menge) (in Slovene), Graduation Thesis, University Studies, University in Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology department (2015).(6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed Dec. 12. 2020)(7) Voss W. Mycologia Carniolica: ein Beitrag zur Pilzkunde des Alpenlandes (1892), Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, Camera: Sony ILCE6000 on trinocular stereomicroscope Novex RZ, Holland
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Stemonitis lignicola Nann.-Bremek, syn.: Stemonitis splendens MorenoSlo.: no name.Dat.: July 06. 2016Lat.: 46.36002 Long.: 13.70436Code: Bot_984/2016_DSC3464Habitat: grassy yard of a farmhouse, open place; almost flat terrain, calcareous, skeletal ground; partly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by the trough, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.870 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: eleven years old, handmade wooden water trough (Larix decidua wood), standing on four thin wooden legs; wood still (almost) intact, the trough still capable to hold water.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to Trenta 2, Skokar (abandoned) farm house, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Spore dimensions and type of surface, size and color of the sporocarps, small meshed, persistent peridial net, sparsely branched internal capillitium with extensions, wavy columella toward its end, columella reaching the apex of the sporocarps, as well as habitus and substratum fit well to the description of Stemonitis lignicola in the literature. Sporocarps 8.2-8.5 mm high, stalks 2- 2.1 mm long. Spore print abundant, dark brown. What I am curious is, did the whole development process of this myxomicete from start to the end take place on the water trough (which is most of the time dry and standing in free air), or did this thing really climb up one of the thin trough's legs in the form of plasmodium before building sporocarps?Spores evenly, densely and minutely warty (verruculose); globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 6,8 [7,2; 7,4] 7,8 x 6 [6,6 ; 6,8] 7,3 microns; Q = 1 [1,1] 1,2; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,3 x 6,7 microns; Qe = 1,1. Taken from dried material by gently tapping sporocarps. Outer net (peridium) mesh dimensions: 7.5 [19.3 ; 23.2] 35 x 7 [15.3 ; 18] 26.3 microns; Q = 0.8 [1.2 ; 1.4] 1.8; N = 50; C = 95%; Me = 21.2 x 16.7 microns; Qe = 1.3. The largest meshes haven't been taken into account; assuming they are the consequence of damages during microscopy. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), in water; NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (capillitium extensions), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (stalk); Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (peridium, capillitium), in air without cover glass. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 203. (2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 541. (3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2., p 538. (4) Personal communication with Mr. Marko Sovre, owner of the water trough, who showed me the find.
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Ballan, Victoria, Australia
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Reticularia splendens var. jurana (Meyl.) Kowalski, syn.: Enteridium juranum (Meyl.) Mornand, Enteridium splendens var. juranum (Meyl.) Hrk., Reticularia jurana Meyl., Reticularia lycoperdon var. jurana (Meyl.) G. ListerE: no name, DE: no nameSlo.: no nameLat.: 46.35884 Long.: 13.69819Dat.: Oct. 17. 2016Code: Bot_1019/2016_DSC5787Habitat: pasture, at the edge of the mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined slope at the foot of mountains, south east aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; mostly sunny place; relatively warm and dry place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: dead, thick, partly decorticated branch of Ostrya carpinifolia laying on ground; fund on top side of it; wood still firm, hard to cut; in its initial state of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; pasture west of Strgulc abandoned farm house, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Three aethaila found in a circle of about 0.4 m diameter. This myxomicete can be recognized by its vividly pink (not yet mature) aethalia, white hypothallus, characteristic spores, which are distinctly reticulate only on about 2/3 of their surface and persistent pseudocapillitium consisting of membranous perforated plates and threads. Reticularia splendens var. jurana can be distinguished from Reticularia splendens var. splendens by smaller size of aethalia and flaccid cortex.To my knowledge this is the second or third find of this species in Slovenia and the first one in the Julian Alps. Spores coarsely reticulated on about 2/3 of their surface and minutely warted (barely seen with my equipment) on the rest of it; globose to subglobose. Dimensions (without reticule and warts): 6,3 [7 ; 7,2] 7,8 x 6,1 [6,8 ; 7] 7,6 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,1 x 6,9 microns; Qe = 1. Reticule > 1 micron high. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x and NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (pseudocapillitium); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Spores were taken from the centre of the second aethalium (Fig. 5, larger one) by soft brush.Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 89 (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 122(3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 318; Vol.2. p 52.(4)
www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/572530 (5)
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_karta_sre.aspx?idorg=d0561d66-42d2-4f...
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Fuligo septica var. flava (Pers.) Morgan, syn.: Mucor septicus L., Aethalium flavum (Pers) LinkFlowers of Tan, DE: Gelbe LohblteSlo.: reslov cvet, rumeni razliekDat.: Nov. 08. 2016Lat.: 46.35977 Long.: 13.70137Code: Bot_1027/2016_DSC6404Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant, moderately southeast inclined mountain slope, shallow, skeletal calcareous ground, old overgrown slope and moraine scree with larger rocks and boulders, in shade, relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: debarked roots of dead Picea abies, still standing.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to abandoned farmhouse 'Strgulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Fuligo septica is probably the most common and widely known Myxomicete. One of its varieties - Fuligo septica var. flava - has vivid yellow aethalia and yellow plasmodium (I haven't seen it this time). Yet, this typical color pertains only to mature but still fresh aethalia (pictures 10-13). With time cortex becomes darker, almost golden (picture 14), then black inside becomes visible (pictures 15, 16). In next phase cortex become whitish (pictures 17, 18) and finally it disappears and only blackish-reddish-brown spore mass is seen (pictures 19, 20). It is interesting that this find was found only a few meters away of the site where I photographed the same species two years ago (see Album Fuligo septica var. flava - I, Dec. 2014) (see MO observations #194527). In both observations spores are unusually large.Spores minutely warty, globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 8,5 [9,1 ; 9,4] 10 x 8 [8,6 ; 8,8] 9,4 microns; Q = [1 ; 1,08] 1,1; N = 35; C = 95%; Me = 9,2 x 8,7 microns; Qe = 1,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1: p390, Vol.2: p 169.(2) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland, The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 246. (3) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 123.
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Lycogala epidendrumSlo.: razbarvana grahovkaDate: June 13. 2009Lat.: 46.33439 Long.: 13.48114Code: Bot_354/2009-0083Habitat: Mixed, predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3 -5 deg C, elevation 1.330 m (4.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, heavily rotted trunk of an unknown deciduous tree Place: Gozdec forest, above the road from Mt.Kanin cable car station B to the foot of Mt. Kopa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC
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Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., Syn.: Cionium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Spreng., Diderma squamulosum Alb. & Schwein., Didymium effusum Link, Physarum effusum Link.Family: DidymiaceaeEN: no vernacular name found, DE: no vernacular name foundSlo.: no vernacular name foundDat.: Oct. 30. 2020Lat.: 46.360322 Long.: 13.702932Code: Bot_1344/2020_DSC1440Habitat: Former pasture partly overgrown with tall herb, bushes and scattered trees; slightly inclined terrain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; open, sunny place; exposed to direct precipitations, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a dead trunk of Juglans regia in its initial disintegration stage laying on ground, partly sitting on Collema sp. (probably Collema crispum = Blennothallia crispa) thallus.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Habit and presence of lime crystals speak almost certainly in favor of the genus Didymium. Dimensions of spores inclined me toward Didymium melanospermum (Pers.) T. Macbr. at first. However, other traits, particularly furrowed stalks, whitish stalk color (should be bark to black) and presence of lime in them (it should be absent), changed my initial supposition in favor to similar Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. in spite of the fact that measured spore dimensions doesn't fit so nicely to the second option. Another discrepancy of the find (related to booth species) is the fact that vast majority of the sporocarps appeared sessile, while they should normally be distinctly stalked and only rarely 'sessile'. According to literature Didymium squamulosum is considered a very variable species and apparently sessile sporocarps are found occasionally too, so they may not be a severe argument against this determination.Description: Sporocarps up to 1.1 mm tall, most of them seemingly sessile having rudimentary stalks hidden in strongly umbicilate sporocysts below; only a few distinctly stalked; sporocysts sub-globose or oblate, 0.6-1 mm in diameter, when wet bluish-gray, half dry pale-gray, when dry white; with simple, membranous, colorless to light-yellowish, translucent peridium covered by a thick layer of crystalline lime; crystals usually larger than spores; (hypo)columella present, flattened, perimeter about 1/3 or slightly less of the sporocysts perimeter; white to beige, light brownish (best seen in transparent light); capillitium thin, scantily branched with rare, small nodular swellings; attached to peridium. Stalks short, mostly hidden; some distinct but not longer than 2/3 of sporocysts diameter, longitudinally striate, No confluent plasmodial form observed at the site of stalk attachment to substrate.To our knowledge, up to present three observations of this rare (or overlooked) species in Slovenia have been described up to now (Ref.:5, Ref.:6 and Ref.:7). Microscopy: Spores densely warted (< 0.5m high warts), globose to sub-globose dark brown to black on mass (dry); dimensions: (10,5)10,8 - 12(12,6) (9,9)10,4 - 11,5(11,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,1; N = 21; Me = 11,4 10,9 m; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, capillitium), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (lime crystals, stalk), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (capillitium); in water; fresh and dried material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Columella, stalk and capillitium also: Sony ILCE6000 on trino-stereomicroscope Novex RZ, Holland.Ref.:(1) H. Neubert, W. Nowotny, K. Baumann - H. Marx, Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderen Bercksichtigung sterreichs, Vol., 2., Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, (1995), p 129 (D. melanospermum p 117).(2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 463 (D. melanospermum 466).(2b) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2. p 383.(3)
sarahlloydmyxos.wordpress.com/identification/#jp-carousel... (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(4)
digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1218&a... , p3-2-25 (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(5) S. Behri, Raznolikost Pravih Sluzavk v okolici Mengea, (in Slovene) (True Slime Molds (Myxomicetes) Diversity in Vicinity of Menge) (in Slovene), Graduation Thesis, University Studies, University in Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology department (2015).(6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed Dec. 12. 2020)(7) Voss W. Mycologia Carniolica: ein Beitrag zur Pilzkunde des Alpenlandes (1892), Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn,
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Stemonitis lignicola Nann.-Bremek, syn.: Stemonitis splendens MorenoSlo.: no name.Dat.: July 06. 2016Lat.: 46.36002 Long.: 13.70436Code: Bot_984/2016_DSC3464Habitat: grassy yard of a farmhouse, open place; almost flat terrain, calcareous, skeletal ground; partly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by the trough, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.870 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: eleven years old, handmade wooden water trough (Larix decidua wood), standing on four thin wooden legs; wood still (almost) intact, the trough still capable to hold water.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to Trenta 2, Skokar (abandoned) farm house, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Spore dimensions and type of surface, size and color of the sporocarps, small meshed, persistent peridial net, sparsely branched internal capillitium with extensions, wavy columella toward its end, columella reaching the apex of the sporocarps, as well as habitus and substratum fit well to the description of Stemonitis lignicola in the literature. Sporocarps 8.2-8.5 mm high, stalks 2- 2.1 mm long. Spore print abundant, dark brown. What I am curious is, did the whole development process of this myxomicete from start to the end take place on the water trough (which is most of the time dry and standing in free air), or did this thing really climb up one of the thin trough's legs in the form of plasmodium before building sporocarps?Spores evenly, densely and minutely warty (verruculose); globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 6,8 [7,2; 7,4] 7,8 x 6 [6,6 ; 6,8] 7,3 microns; Q = 1 [1,1] 1,2; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,3 x 6,7 microns; Qe = 1,1. Taken from dried material by gently tapping sporocarps. Outer net (peridium) mesh dimensions: 7.5 [19.3 ; 23.2] 35 x 7 [15.3 ; 18] 26.3 microns; Q = 0.8 [1.2 ; 1.4] 1.8; N = 50; C = 95%; Me = 21.2 x 16.7 microns; Qe = 1.3. The largest meshes haven't been taken into account; assuming they are the consequence of damages during microscopy. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), in water; NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (capillitium extensions), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (stalk); Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (peridium, capillitium), in air without cover glass. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 203. (2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 541. (3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2., p 538. (4) Personal communication with Mr. Marko Sovre, owner of the water trough, who showed me the find.
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Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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Reticularia splendens var. jurana (Meyl.) Kowalski, syn.: Enteridium juranum (Meyl.) Mornand, Enteridium splendens var. juranum (Meyl.) Hrk., Reticularia jurana Meyl., Reticularia lycoperdon var. jurana (Meyl.) G. ListerE: no name, DE: no nameSlo.: no nameLat.: 46.35884 Long.: 13.69819Dat.: Oct. 21. 2016Code: Bot_1021/2016_DSC5937Habitat: pasture, at the edge of the mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined slope at the foot of mountains, south east aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; mostly sunny place; relatively warm and dry place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: dead, thick, partly decorticated branch of Ostrya carpinifolia laying on ground; fund on top side of it; wood still firm, hard to cut; in its initial state of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; pasture west of Strgulc abandoned farm house, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Three aethaila found in a circle of about 0.4 m diameter. This myxomicete can be recognized by its vividly pink (not yet mature) aethalia, white hypothallus, characteristic spores, which are distinctly reticulate only on about 2/3 of their surface and persistent pseudocapillitium consisting of membranous perforated plates and threads. Reticularia splendens var. jurana can be distinguished from Reticularia splendens var. splendens by smaller size of aethalia and flaccid cortex.To my knowledge this is the second or third find of this species in Slovenia and the first one in the Julian Alps. Spores coarsely reticulated on about 2/3 of their surface and minutely warted (barely seen with my equipment) on the rest of it; globose to subglobose. Dimensions (without reticule and warts): 6,3 [7 ; 7,2] 7,8 x 6,1 [6,8 ; 7] 7,6 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,1 x 6,9 microns; Qe = 1. Reticule > 1 micron high. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x and NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (pseudocapillitium); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Spores were taken from the centre of the second aethalium (Fig. 5, larger one) by soft brush.Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 89 (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 122(3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 318; Vol.2. p 52.(4)
www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/572530 (5)
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