Purple Meadowparsnip

Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 156. 1856
Thapsia trifoliaia L. Sp. PI. 262. 1753.
Smyrnium cordalum Walt. Fl. Car. 114. 1788.
Smymium atropurpureum Desr. in Lam. Encyc. 3: 667. 1791.
Thaspium atropurpureum Nutt. Gen. 1: 196. 1818.
Cnidium atropurpureum Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 418. 1820.
Upopion trifoliatum Raf. New Fl. 4: 30. 1838.
Upopion pinnalum Raf. New Fl. 4: 30. 1838.
Upopion lobatum Raf. New Fl. 4: 30. 1838.
Upopion lobatum var. rigida Raf. New Fl. 4: 30. 1838. Upopion heterophylum Raf. New Fl. 4: 31. 1838.
Upopion cordatum Raf. New Fl. 4: 31. 1838.
Thaspium cordatum T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 615. 1840.
Thaspium trifoliatum var. atropurpureum T. & G.; A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 156. 1856
Thaspium aureum var. atropurpureum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 136. 1887.
Thaspium aureum var. cordatum B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 22. 1888.
Thaspium ziziopsis Daniels, Univ. Mo. Stud. Sci. 1: 329. 1907.
Plants 2-7 dm. high, glabrous; basal leaves cordate to reniform in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-6 cm. long, 4—7 cm. broad, crenate-dentate, simple, or ternate with ovate leaflets 25-45 mm. long, 20-35 mm. broad; petioles 6-10 cm. long; cauline leaves ternate, the divisions lanceolate, serrate or toothed; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; involucel of 4-8 inconspicuous, linear to lanceolate bractlets, 2-4 mm. long; rays 6-10, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1-3 cm. long; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; flowers purple; fruit oval, 3-4 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad, all or several of the ribs broadly winged; seedface plane.
Type locality: "Virginia," collector unknown.
Distribution: Rhode Island to Georgia, west to Manitoba, Kansas, and Louisiana (Rydberg 9193, Svenson 7274).