dcsimg

Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / saprobe
hypophyllous apothecium of Calycellina indumenticola is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf (hairs) of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 3-7

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Compsidolon salicellus sucks sap of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: (7)8-9(10)

Foodplant / saprobe
grouped, immersed perithecium of Coronophora annexa is saprobic on dead twig of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 1-2

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Cryptocephalus bipunctatus may be found on Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 4-late 8

Foodplant / mobile cased feeder
larva of Cryptocephalus decemmaculatus grazes in mobile case on live? leaf of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / mobile cased feeder
larva of Cryptocephalus exiguus grazes in mobile case on leaf of Salix cinerea
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Cryptocephalus frontalis may be found on Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 5-8
Other: major host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Cytidia salicina parasitises live branch of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / saprobe
loosely gregarious, erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph of Cytospora salicis is saprobic on dead, often attached twig of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 1-8

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, stromatic perithecium of Diatrype bullata is saprobic on dead branch of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 3-5
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Dorytomus majalis feeds within catkin of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Dorytomus melanophthalmus feeds within catkin of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Dorytomus salicinus feeds within catkin? of Salix cinerea
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
Dorytomus salicis feeds on Salix cinerea

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Dorytomus taeniatus feeds within catkin of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / spot causer
acervulus of Marssonina coelomycetous anamorph of Drepanopeziza triandrae causes spots on live leaf of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Empria immersa grazes on leaf of Salix cinerea
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
Euphranta toxoneura is associated with Salix cinerea

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Flammulaster carpophilus var. rhombosporus is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed leaf of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hyalotricha salicicola is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 10-12

Foodplant / gall
solitary larva of Iteomyia major causes gall of live leaf of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / saprobe
solitary or clustered, rather short-stalked apothecium of Lachnum pudibundum is saprobic on dead twig of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 6-9

Foodplant / saprobe
thyriothecium of Lichenopeltella salicis is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 4-10

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phanerochaete martelliana is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phellinus pomaceus is saprobic on dead Salix cinerea
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Plant / associate
Pilophorus clavatus is associated with Salix cinerea

Foodplant / gall
larva of Pontania bridgmanii causes gall of leaf of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / gall
larva of Pontania pedunculi causes gall of leaf (underside) of Salix cinerea
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / sap sucker
nymph of Psallus ambiguus sucks sap of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 5

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Psallus haematodes sucks sap of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: late 7-9

Foodplant / sap sucker
nymph of Psallus variabilis sucks sap of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 6-7

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent, becoming superficial apothecium of Pyrenopeziza fuckelii is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 5-8

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula subrubens is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix cinerea
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Plant / associate
adult of Salicarus roseri is associated with Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: mid 6-8

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed or partly immersed pseudothecium of Thyridaria macrostomoides is saprobic on dead branch of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 10-5

Foodplant / parasite
cleistothecium of Uncinula adunca parasitises live leaf of Salix cinerea

Foodplant / parasite
Uncinula adunca var. adunca parasitises Salix cinerea

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Venturia chlorospora is saprobic on dead leaf of Salix cinerea
Remarks: season: 4-6

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
BioImages
project
BioImages

Description

provided by eFloras
Shrubs to 5 m tall; bark dull gray. Branchlets densely gray tomentose. Buds brown, flattened oblong, gray tomentose. Stipules reniform or semiovate; petiole 5-7 mm; leaf blade long obovate or obovate-lanceolate, 4-10 × 1-1.5 cm, larger on shoots, abaxially densely gray tomentose, adaxially dull green or grayish green, base attenuate, margin shallowly serrulate, rarely entire, apex acute; lateral veins raised abaxially. Flowering precocious or coetaneous. Male catkin 1-2 cm; bracts brown, spatulate, long pubescent. Male flower: stamens 2, distinct, glabrous; glands adaxial. Female catkin 3-4 cm; bracts as in male catkin. Female flower: gland as in male flower; ovary long conical, densely gray tomentose; stipe rather long; style short; stigma divided. Fl. May, fr. May-Jun. 2n = 76.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 4: 248 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Habitat & Distribution

provided by eFloras
Damp places. Xinjiang (Ertix He valley) [Kazakhstan, Russia; Europe]
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 4: 248 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Salix cinerea

provided by wikipedia EN

Salix cinerea (common sallow, grey sallow, grey willow, grey-leaved sallow, large grey willow, pussy willow, rusty sallow[1]) is a species of willow native to Europe and western Asia.[2][3]

The plant provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators. It was rated in the top 10, with a ranking of second place, for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative.[4]

Plant

Close-ups of Salicaceae flowers

It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing 4–15 metres (13–50 ft) tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, 2–9 cm (1–3+12 in) long and 1–3 cm (121+12 in) broad (exceptionally up to 16 cm long and 5 cm broad), green above, hairy below, with a crenate margin. The flowers are produced in early spring in catkins 2–5 cm long; it is dioecious with male and female catkins on separate plants. The male catkins are silvery at first, turning yellow when the pollen is released; the female catkins are greenish grey, maturing in early summer to release the numerous tiny seeds embedded in white cottony down which assists wind dispersal.[2][3]

The two subspecies are:[2][3]

  • S. c. cinerea - central and eastern Europe, western Asia, shrub to 4–6 m (rarely 10 m) tall, with smooth bark, leaves densely hairy below with pale yellow-grey hairs, stipules large, persistent until autumn
  • S. c. oleifolia (Sm.) Macreight (syn. S. atrocinerea Brot.) - western Europe, northwest Africa, shrub or tree to 10–15 m tall, with furrowed bark, leaves thinly hairy below with dark red-brown hairs, stipules small, early deciduous

Some overlap in the distributions (not indicated in the map, right) occurs, with both occurring in a broad band north to south through France, and scattered specimens of S. c. cinerea west to Ireland, western France, and Morocco; scattered specimens of S. c. oleifolia occur east to the Netherlands. Specimens of S. c. oleifolia in southern Scandinavia are planted or naturalised, not native. Intermediate specimens also occur.[2][3]

Ecology

Salix cinerea seeds on a birch tree branch

It usually grows in wetlands. The two subspecies differ slightly in requirements, with S. c. cinerea generally restricted to basic marshland and fen habitats, while S. c. oleifolia is less demanding, occurring in both alkaline marshes and acidic bogs and streamsides.[2] A common herbivore of Salix cinerea is Phratora vulgatissima, which prefers and is more common on female plants.[5] Anthocoris nemorum, a natural enemy of Phratora vulgatissima, is also more common on S. cinerea.[5]

Invasive species

Salix cinerea is an invasive species in New Zealand and is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord, which means it cannot be sold or distributed. S. cinerea is also highly invasive in south-eastern Australia,[6] with the entire genus listed as a Weed of National Significance. The species was introduced to stop erosion along riverbanks, but has since caused worse erosion over time by widening and shallowing invaded streams.

References

  1. ^ "Queensland Government Fact Sheet". Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e Meikle, R. D. (1984). Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland. BSBI Handbook No. 4. ISBN 0-901158-07-0.
  3. ^ a b c d Christensen, K. I., & Nielsen, H. (1992). Rust-pil (Salix cinerea subsp. oleifolia) - en overset pil i Danmark og Skandinavien. Dansk Dendrologisk Årsskrift 10: 5-17.
  4. ^ "Which flowers are the best source of nectar?". Conservation Grade. 2014-10-15. Archived from the original on 2019-12-14. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
  5. ^ a b Kabir, Faisal MD; Moritz, Kim K; Stenberg, Johan A. (2015-04-19). "Plant-sex-biased tritrophic interactions on dioecious willow". Ecosphere. 5 (12): art153. doi:10.1890/ES14-00356.1.
  6. ^ Cremer, K. W. (2003) Introduced willows can become invasive pests in Australia. Biodiversity, 4, 17-24.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Salix cinerea: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Salix cinerea (common sallow, grey sallow, grey willow, grey-leaved sallow, large grey willow, pussy willow, rusty sallow) is a species of willow native to Europe and western Asia.

The plant provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators. It was rated in the top 10, with a ranking of second place, for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN