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A strong woody climber with showy fragrant flowers; ascends to 1000 m alt. s.m., also cultivated in the plains. The leaves are medicinal and used in rheumatism and skin diseases and have insecticidal properties.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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eFloras.org
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Description

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Stout woody climber. Young shoots sparsely pubescent and often with minute medifixed hairs. Leaves elliptic, 9-19 cm long, 4-9 cm broad, acute or acuminate, pale and sparsely pubescent beneath, shiny above; petiole up to 1 cm long. Axillary and terminal racemes up to 20 cm long, erect, softly tomentose. Bract 3-4.5 mm long, ovate—lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, deciduous; bracteoles 2, c. 3 mm long, linear lanceolate, present halfway up the pedicel; pedicel 1.5-2.5 cm long. Sepals oblong, c. 8 mm long, up to 1 cm in fruit, appressed pubescent; the calycine gland reddish brown, c. 4 mm long, present between the 2 sepals and partly adnate to the pedicel. Petals alternating with the sepals, sub-orbicular to obovate, c. 1 cm long, clawed, creamish white, the posterior one the largest and with a yellow centre; with appressed pubescent hairs to the outside, glabrous to sparsely pubescent within. Stamens unequal; filament of longest stamen l-l.2 cm long, twice as long or longer than the shorter ones, slightly dilated and connate at the base; anthers ovate. Ovary pubescent. Style 1.3-l.5 cm long, slightly curved, lower part with appressed hairs. Mericarps l-3, pubescent; wings oblong lanceolate, the 2 laterals shorter, the median one 4-6 cm long. Seeds sub-globose.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
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visit source
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eFloras

Description

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Shrubs or lianas, 3-10 m or more; branchlets and inflorescences densely yellowish brown or silver-gray pubescent; branches glabrate, ferruginous-red or dark gray, with light- colored lenticels. Petiole 5-10 mm, canaliculate adaxially; leaf blade leathery, oblong, elliptic-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 9-18 × 3-7 cm, young leaves light red, pubescent, old leaves green, glabrous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, abaxially often with 2 glands, apex acuminate; lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs. Racemes axillary or terminal, 5-10 cm, inflorescence yellowish brown pubescent, glabrate; pedicels articulate at middle or distally; bracteoles subulate-lanceolate. Flowers very fragrant. Sepals broadly elliptic or ovate, 5-6 mm, apex rounded, densely yellow-brown pubescent; gland thick, large, oblong, ca. 1/2 adnate on pedicel. Petals white, base yellow maculate, or yellowish or pink, orbicular or broadly elliptic, 8-15 × 5-10 mm, pubescent, apex rounded, base clawed, margin fimbriate. Stamens differing in size, longest 8-12 mm, others 3-5 mm; anthers elliptic, 1-2 mm. Style ca. 12 mm, circinate. Samara body shortly sericeous, wings glabrous, abaxial wing elliptic or obovate-lanceolate, 3.5-5(-7) × 1-1.6 cm, apex entire or retuse, lateral wings lanceolate-oblong, 1.5-3 cm, base of wing with 1 triangular-crested appendage. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Apr-May.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 135, 136 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Subtropical Himalaya, Assam, Ceylon, Burma, Indo-China, S. & W. China, Nicobar and Andaman Isl.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
author
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Distribution: A native of India and Malaya; W. China, Java, Formosa Burma, Ceylon and the sub-Himalayan tract from the Indus eastward.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
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eFloras

Distribution

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Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 135, 136 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Elevation Range

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300-1100 m
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
author
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
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eFloras

Flower/Fruit

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Fl. Per.: March-April.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Habitat

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Dense forests, sparse forests, shrub forests of valleys, riverbanks, field margins, roadsides; (100-)200-1900 m.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 135, 136 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Hiptage benghalensis

provided by wikipedia EN

Hiptage benghalensis, often simply called hiptage, is a perennial, evergreen liana native to India, Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and the Philippines.[1][2] Its habitat is variable[3] and prefers climates ranging from warm temperate to tropical. In Hawaii, where H. benghalensis is considered a weed, as it is in Australia, Mauritius and Réunion, it grows from sea level to 1,000 m (3,281 ft).[4] H. benghalensis is cultivated for its white-pink scented flowers.

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Hiptage benghalensis - MHNT
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hiptage benghalensis.

Etymology and names

The genus name, Hiptage, is derived from the Greek hiptamai, which means "to fly" and refers its unique three-winged fruit known as "samara". "Benghalensis" is derived from the historic region of Bengal, where it is a native species. Taxonomic synonyms for H. benghalensis include:

  • Banisteria benghalensis L.
  • Banisteria tetraptera Sonnerat
  • Banisteria unicapsularis Lam.
  • Gaertnera indica J.F.Gmel.
  • Gaertnera obtusifolia (DC.) Roxb.
  • Gaertnera racemosa Vahl H. madablota Gaertn.
  • Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kunz forma longifolia Nied.
  • Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz forma cochinchinensis Pierre
  • Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz forma latifolia Nied.
  • Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz forma macroptera (Merr.) Nied.
  • Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz forma typica Nied.
  • Hiptage javanica Blume
  • Hiptage macroptera Merr.
  • Hiptage madablota Gaertn.
  • Hiptage malaiensis Nied.
  • Hiptage obtusifolia DC.
  • Hiptage pinnata Elmer
  • Hiptage teysmannii Arènes
  • Hiptage trialata Span.
  • Molina racemosa Cav.
  • Succowia fimbriata Dennst.
  • Triopteris jamaicensis L.

H. benghalensis has several vernacular names, including madhavi, vasantduti, chandravalli, madhalata, madhumalati, and madhavilata,[1] "Madhav" being a reference to Lord Krishna. It is known as madhabi lata (মাধবী লতা) or madhoi lata (মাধৈ লতা) in Assamese. In Tamil, it is called Kurukkathi (குருக்கத்தி).

Description

H. benghalensis is a stout, high-climbing liana or large shrub, with white or yellowish hairs on the stem. Its leaves are lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate and approximately 20 cm (8 in) long,[1] and 9 cm (4 in) broad; petioles are up to 1 cm long.[5] It has scandent branches up to 5 m (16 ft) high.[1]

H. benghalensis flowers intermittently during the year, and produces fragrant flowers borne in compact ten-to-thirty-flowered axillary racemes. The flowers are pink to white, with yellow marks. Fruits are samaras with three spreading, papery oblanceolate to elliptic wings, 2–5 cm long,[1] and propagate via wind or by cuttings.

Range

Hiptage benghalensis is a native of India, Southeast Asia and the Philippines. It has been recorded as a weed in Australian rain forests and is invasive in Mauritius, Réunion, Florida and Hawaii[1] where it thrives in dry lowland forests, forming impenetrable thickets and smothering native vegetation. The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC) listed H. benghalensis among Category II plants in 2001, which are species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities.[6]

Uses

H. benghalensis is widely cultivated in the tropics for its attractive and fragrant flowers; it can be trimmed to form a small tree or shrub or can be trained as a vine. It is also occasionally cultivated for medicinal purposes in the alternative medicine practice ayurveda: the leaves and bark are hot, acrid, bitter, insecticidal, vulnerary and useful in the treatment of biliousness, cough, burning sensation, thirst and inflammation; it also has the ability to treat skin diseases and leprosy.[7]

Notes and references

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Hiptage benghalensis". issg.org; Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  2. ^ Verma, Balakrishnan & Dixit, pp 240
  3. ^ Bailey & Bailey, pp 1290
  4. ^ "Hiptage benghalensis (PIER Species Info)". hear.org; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  5. ^ "Hiptage in Flora of Pakistan". eFloras.org; Flora of Pakistan. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  6. ^ "2001 List of Invasive Species". fleppc.org; Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  7. ^ Agharkar, pp 115-116

References

  • Bailey, L. H./Bailey, E. Z. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada, Macmillan, New York.
  • Agharkar, S.P. 1991. Medicinal plants of Bombay presidency, Scientific Publishes, Jodhpur, India
  • Verma, D.M./Balakrishnan, M.P./ Dixit, R.D. 1993. Flora of Madhya Pradesh. Vol. I., Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, India

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Hiptage benghalensis: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Hiptage benghalensis, often simply called hiptage, is a perennial, evergreen liana native to India, Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. Its habitat is variable and prefers climates ranging from warm temperate to tropical. In Hawaii, where H. benghalensis is considered a weed, as it is in Australia, Mauritius and Réunion, it grows from sea level to 1,000 m (3,281 ft). H. benghalensis is cultivated for its white-pink scented flowers.

Flowers leaves fruits Hiptage benghalensis - MHNT Liana Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hiptage benghalensis.
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