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Smooth Oxeye

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sw.

Comments

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As T. R. Fisher (1957) noted, intermediates occur between var. helianthoides and var. scabra, and artificial hybrids show only slightly decreased pollen stainabilities and normal meiotic pairing. Intermediates are especially common in Missouri, Illinois, and New England, and may also be encountered elsewhere in areas of sympatry. In addition to the key characters, var. helianthoides generally has longer petioles, has smaller heads on shorter peduncles, and occupies less-open habitats than var. scabra.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 21: 68, 69, 158 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Perennials, (40–)80–150 cm. Aerial stems (from creeping rhizomes to 4 cm × 2–6 mm, rhizome internodes mostly 2–10 mm) 1–10+, stramineous to reddish brown, glabrous or hairy. Leaf blades ovate to deltate-lanceolate, 6–12(–15) × 2–6(–12) cm, margins regularly to irregularly and coarsely dentate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous, sparsely pubescent, moderately to densely scabrellous, or scabrous. Heads 1–15+. Peduncles 9–25 cm. Involucres 12–25 mm diam. Phyllaries glabrescent to densely pubescent on margins, apices, and abaxial faces. Paleae lanceolate to oblong, apices obtuse, faces glabrous. Ray florets 10–18; corollas golden yellow, laminae mostly 2–4 cm × 6–13 mm. Disc florets 10–75+; corollas yellowish to brownish yellow (lobes brighter than tubes), 4–5 mm, glabrous. Cypselae 4–5 mm, glabrous or pubescent on angles, smooth; pappi 0 or of 2–4 minute, toothlike scales. 2n = 28 (variety unknown).
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 21: 68, 69, 158 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Synonym

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Buphthalmum helianthoides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 904. 1753
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copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 21: 68, 69, 158 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
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eFloras

Heliopsis helianthoides

provided by wikipedia EN

Heliopsis helianthoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names rough oxeye,[2] smooth oxeye[3] and false sunflower.[4] It is native to eastern and central North America from Saskatchewan east to Newfoundland and south as far as Texas, New Mexico, and Georgia.[5][6][7]

Heliopsis helianthoides is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial growing 40–150 cm (16–59 in) tall. The toothed leaf blades are oval to triangular or lance-shaped and may be smooth or hairy or rough in texture. The flowers are produced from midsummer to early autumn (fall).[8] The inflorescence contains one to many composite flowerheads. Each head contains yellow ray florets which are generally 2–4 cm (341+12 in) long. The rays are fertile, having a small forked pistil at the base; this distinguishes them from true sunflowers.[9] At the center are many yellow to brownish disc florets. The fruit is an achene about 5 mm (0.20 in) long.[5]

In the wild, H. helianthoides may be found in wooded areas and tallgrass prairie, and sometimes along roadsides.[4]

It is a popular garden plant for moist, fertile soil in full sun. Plants grow stiff and tall, so may require staking. Several cultivars are available with flowers of varying colors and shades. These include 'Summer Sun', 'Golden Plume', and 'Prairie Sunset'.[6] The following cultivars of H. helianthoides var. scabra ("rough")[10] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[11]

References

  1. ^ "Heliopsis helianthoides". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  2. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Heliopsis helianthoides". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  4. ^ a b Heliopsis helianthoides. USDA NRCS Plant Guide.
  5. ^ a b Smith, Alan R. (2006). "Heliopsis helianthoides". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 21. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. ^ a b Heliopsis helianthoides. Missouri Botanical Garden, Gardening help
  7. ^ "Heliopsis helianthoides". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  8. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  9. ^ Newcomb, Lawrence (1977). Newcomb's Wildflower Guide. Little, Brown & Company. p. 390.
  10. ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN 9781845337315.
  11. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  12. ^ "Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Benzinggold'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  13. ^ "Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Light of Loddon'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  14. ^ "Heliopsis helianthoides Loraine Sunshine='Helhan'". RHS. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  15. ^ "Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Sonnenglut'". RHS. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  16. ^ "Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Spitzentänzerin'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  17. ^ "Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Waterperry Gold'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.

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Heliopsis helianthoides: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Heliopsis helianthoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names rough oxeye, smooth oxeye and false sunflower. It is native to eastern and central North America from Saskatchewan east to Newfoundland and south as far as Texas, New Mexico, and Georgia.

Heliopsis helianthoides is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial growing 40–150 cm (16–59 in) tall. The toothed leaf blades are oval to triangular or lance-shaped and may be smooth or hairy or rough in texture. The flowers are produced from midsummer to early autumn (fall). The inflorescence contains one to many composite flowerheads. Each head contains yellow ray florets which are generally 2–4 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄2 in) long. The rays are fertile, having a small forked pistil at the base; this distinguishes them from true sunflowers. At the center are many yellow to brownish disc florets. The fruit is an achene about 5 mm (0.20 in) long.

In the wild, H. helianthoides may be found in wooded areas and tallgrass prairie, and sometimes along roadsides.

It is a popular garden plant for moist, fertile soil in full sun. Plants grow stiff and tall, so may require staking. Several cultivars are available with flowers of varying colors and shades. These include 'Summer Sun', 'Golden Plume', and 'Prairie Sunset'. The following cultivars of H. helianthoides var. scabra ("rough") have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

'Benzinggold' 'Light of Loddon' 'Loraine Sunshine'='Helhan' 'Sonnenglut' 'Spitzentänzerin' 'Waterperry Gold'
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