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American Lotus

Nelumbo lutea Willd.

Comments

provided by eFloras
Nelumbo lutea is a species as magnificent as its Asian relative, N . nucifera , but it is less cultivated for ornament. It was probably originally confined to flood plains of major rivers and their tributaries in the east-central United States and carried northward and eastward by aborigines who used the seeds and tubers for food. The species is sometimes an aggressive, difficult-to-eradicate weed in ponds, lakes, and reservoirs.

Although Nelumbo lutea is often attributed to (Willdenow) Persoon, the spelling Nelumbium luteum used by Willdenow is an orthographic error for Nelumbo lutea (W. Greuter et al. 1994, Art. 61.4) that should be corrected, and Persoon's later combination is superfluous.

The name Nelumbo pentapetala (Walter) Fernald, sometimes used for this taxon, was based on Nymphaea pentapetala Walter, a name of uncertain application that has been recently proposed for rejection (J. H. Wiersema and J. L. Reveal 1991).

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Description

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Leaves: petiole to 2 m or more. Leaf blade to 6 dm or more. Flowers: tepals pale yellow, 1-13 cm, outermost 1-5 normally persistent; anthers 1-2 cm. Fruits somewhat globose, 10-16 × 8-13 mm, mostly less than 1.25 times longer than wide; receptacle to 1 dm diam. at maturity, abruptly narrowed ca. 1-2 cm below flattened top, base tapered, lateral surface usually distinctly striate. 2 n = 16.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
original
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eFloras

Distribution

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introduced at other sites; Ont.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va., Wis.; Mexico; West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola); Central America (Honduras).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
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eFloras

Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering late spring-summer.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Habitat

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Mostly flood plains of major rivers in ponds, lakes, pools in marshes and swamps, and backwaters of reservoirs; 0-400m.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
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eFloras

Nelumbo lutea

provided by wikipedia EN

Nelumbo lutea is a species of flowering plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. Common names include American lotus, yellow lotus, water-chinquapin, and volée. It is native to North America. The botanical name Nelumbo lutea Willd. is the currently recognized name for this species, which has been classified under the former names Nelumbium luteum and Nelumbo pentapetala, among others.[2]

Description

American lotus is an emergent aquatic plant. It grows in lakes and swamps, as well as areas subject to flooding. The roots are anchored in the mud, but the leaves and flowers emerge above the water's surface. The petioles of the leaves may extend as much as 2 m (6.6 ft) and end in a round leaf blade 33–43 cm (13–17 in) in diameter. Mature plants range in height from 0.8 to 1.5 m (2.6 to 4.9 ft).[3]

Flowering begins in late spring and may continue into the summer. The specific name means "yellow" in Latin and refers to the flowers, which may be white to pale yellow. The flowers measure 18–28 cm (7.1–11.0 in) in diameter and have 22-25 petals.[3]

It is the larval host plant of the American lotus borer, Ostrinia penitalis.[4]

However, Nelumbo lutea populations are declining in the U.S. due to habitat destruction, and it has been listed as threatened or endangered in New Jersey, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, and extirpated in Delaware.[5] Their populations have a low level of genetic diversity, showing variation among different populations rather than within populations.[6]

Range

The native distribution of the species is Minnesota to Oklahoma, Florida, Mexico, Honduras, and the Caribbean.

Native American Lotus in Virginia Beach, Virginia

It was apparently distributed northwards in the United States by Native Americans who carried the plant with them as a food source.[7]

Uses

This plant has a large tuberous rhizome that is used as a food source.[8] This may be the plant called "macoupin" in Miami-Illinois. The seed is also edible and is known as "alligator corn".[9] The seedlike fruits can be shaken loose, and are also edible.[10] The unopened leaves and young stalks can be cooked.[11]

The species is widely planted in ponds for its foliage and flowers. American Lotus spreads via creeping rhizomes and seeds. This species has been crossed with N. nucifera to create many hybrids. Seeds may be propagated by scarifying the pointed tip of the seed with a file then soaking in water. Propagation is also possible by division of established plants.

Other media

Disney's character Princess Tiana wears as her iconic princess dress, a gown fashioned from a yellow Nelumbo lutea.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nelumbo lutea.
Wikispecies has information related to Nelumbo lutea.
  1. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  2. ^ "Nelumbo lutea". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  3. ^ a b Slocum, Perry D. (2005). Waterlilies and Lotuses: Species, Cultivars, and New Hybrids. Timber Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-88192-684-2.
  4. ^ "Species Ostrinia penitalis - American Lotus Borer - Hodges#4946 - BugGuide.Net". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2019-09-26.
  5. ^ Sayre, Jeff (2004). "Propagation Protocol for American Lotus ( Nelumbo lutea Willd.)". Native Plants Journal. 5: 14–17. doi:10.1353/npj.2004.0017.
  6. ^ Islam, Md. Rabiul; Zhang, Ying; Li, Zhi-Zhong; Liu, Hong; Chen, Jin-Ming; Yang, Xing-Yu (2020). "Genetic diversity, population structure, and historical gene flow of Nelumbo lutea in USA using microsatellite markers". Aquatic Botany. 160: 103162. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2019.103162. S2CID 208570832.
  7. ^ Wiersema, John H. (1997). "Nelumboanaceae". Flora of North America. 3.
  8. ^ Common Weeds of the United States. New York: Dover. 1971. p. 172. ISBN 0-486-20504-5.
  9. ^ Mariani, John F. (1999). Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink. Lebhar-Friedman Books. p. 5. ISBN 0-86730-784-6.
  10. ^ Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 637. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.
  11. ^ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414.
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Nelumbo lutea: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Nelumbo lutea is a species of flowering plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. Common names include American lotus, yellow lotus, water-chinquapin, and volée. It is native to North America. The botanical name Nelumbo lutea Willd. is the currently recognized name for this species, which has been classified under the former names Nelumbium luteum and Nelumbo pentapetala, among others.

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