dcsimg

Description

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Annual undershrub, 30-90 cm tall, stem glabrous, branches terete with prickle-like glandular excretions. Leaf 3.5-9.0 cm long, rachis furnished with glandular excretions looking like prickles. Leaflets 21-71, alternate, subsessile, overlapping, 2.5-6.5 mm long, 1.2-2.0 mm broad, linear, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous. Inflorescence a 1-4-flowered axillary raceme, peduncle c. 2.5 cm long, peduncle and pedicel glandular, viscid, pedicel 5-9 mm long. Bracts c. 2 mm long. Calyx 6-7 mm long, bilabiate, glabrous, upper lip bifid, lower minutely 3-toothed. Corolla 9-10 mm long, yellow, vexillum veined with purple. Fruit 2.5-4.5 cm long, 3-5 mm broad, slightly curved, 6-10 jointed, glabrous or slightly hairy, readily separating into 1-seeded parts.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 338 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Pantropics, probably native in S.E. United States.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Distribution

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Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam, Japan, Tropical Africa, Australia and N.America.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 338 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Elevation Range

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200-1300 m
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
author
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Flower/Fruit

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Fl.Per.: Aug.-October.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 338 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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eFloras.org
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Derivation of specific name

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
indica: of India
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
bibliographic citation
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Aeschynomene indica L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=130470
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Flora of Zimbabwe

Description

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Erect shrubby annual, up to 2.5 m. Leaves compound with 16-50 leaflets. Leaves sometimes sensitive. Inflorescences leaf-opposed or axillary with 1-6 flowers. Flowers cream to pale yellow with reddish or purple lines, particularly on the outside. Pods 2.5-5 cm long, slightly constricted on one side.
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cc-by-nc
copyright
Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
bibliographic citation
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Aeschynomene indica L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=130470
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Flora of Zimbabwe

Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Annual, Herbs, Taproot present, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems less than 1 m tall, Stems 1-2 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules green, triangulate to lanceolate or foliaceous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Stipules connate to each other, forming a tuber or sheath, Stipules cordate, lobed, or sagittate, Stipules toothed or laciniate, Leaves compound, Leaves even pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets alternate or subopposite, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glandular punctate or gland-dotted, Leaves viscid, sticky, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Flowers in axillary clusters or few-floweredracemes, 2-6 flowers, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts conspicuously present, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx 2-lipped or 2-lobed, Calyx glabrous, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals orange or yellow, Petals bicolored or with red, purple or yellow streaks or spots, Banner petal suborbicular, broadly rounded, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Keel abruptly curved, or spirally coiled, Keel petals fused on sides or at tip, Stamens 9-10, Stamens monadelphous, united below, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Fruit a loment, jointed, separating into articles, Fruit stipitate, Fruit unilocular, Fruit indehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit rugose wrinkled or reticulate, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit compressed between seeds, Fruit hairy, Fruit 3-10 seeded, Seeds reniform, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
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Dr. David Bogler
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Missouri Botanical Garden
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USDA NRCS NPDC
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USDA PLANTS text

Aeschynomene indica

provided by wikipedia EN

Aeschynomene indica is a species of flowering plant in the legume family. Common names include Indian jointvetch, kat sola,[2] budda pea, curly indigo, hard sola, northern jointvetch,[3] indische Schampflanze (German), angiquinho, maricazinho, papquinha, pinheirinho (Brazilian Portuguese),[4] he meng (Chinese), kusanemu (Japanese), diya siyambala (Sinhala), and ikin sihk (Pohnpeian).[5]

The true native range of this species is unclear because it is thought to have been introduced so widely, but it probably includes parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the southeastern North America.[6] It is likely a naturalized species on many islands of the Pacific, the Caribbean, and the Indian Ocean, including Fiji, the Society Islands, Micronesia, Puerto Rico, Mauritius, and Réunion.[4] It is also introduced in South America.[5]

Description

This species is variable. It is an annual or perennial herb or subshrub growing 30 centimeters to 2.5 meters tall. The stem is usually thin, about half a centimeter wide, but it can grow thick at the base, up to 2.5 centimeters wide. It is spongy or corky, or sometimes hollow and cylindric. It is mostly hairless but sometimes has glandular hairs with tubercular bases. The leaves are up to 10 centimeters long. Each leaf is made up of many narrow, papery leaflets each up to 1.3 centimeters long. Some leaves are sensitive. The spurred stipule is up to 1.5 centimeters long. The inflorescence is made up of 1 to 6 flowers with reddish- or purple-streaked yellow or whitish corollas. The long, narrow legume pod is up to 4.8 centimeters long and is straight or curved, with up to 13 chambers. It contains black or brown kidney-shaped seeds each 2 or 3 millimeters long.[3][5][7]

Habitat

The plant often grows in wet, muddy habitat, such as floodplains, swamps, and paddy fields. It is also known from dry land. It has been observed in association with Sesbania spp. and Acacia nilotica ssp. tomentosa.[7] It grows in disturbed habitat, such as roadside ditches, often becoming weedy.[5]

Biology

The plant, like others of its genus, sometimes develops nodes similar to the root nodules of many other legumes, but the nodes grow on the stem in addition to the roots. They contain Bradyrhizobium species, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that can perform photosynthesis.[8] The symbiotic bacterium Blastobacter denitroficans also inhabits the nodes.[9]

This species is susceptible to the plant disease anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.[3]

Uses

This plant is used as green manure. It is not very palatable to animals but it is sometimes given as fodder. It can be toxic, however.[7] The seeds can poison pigs, causing loss of coordination, falls, and death. Examination of the brain tissue of affected animals revealed swelling and hemorrhage.[10]

The pithy stems are used for floating devices, such as rafts and floats for fishing nets. The plant is also used as a spermicide. Its charcoal is made into gunpowder.[7]

The yellow flowers are eaten by people in Cambodia, who call the herb snaô ach' moën (snaô="edible flowers", ach' moën="chicken poo", Khmer language).[11]

References

  1. ^ Lansdown, R.V.; Beentje, H.J.; Gupta, A.K.; Molur, S. (2019). "Aeschynomene indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T168855A120202097. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T168855A120202097.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Aeschynomene indica. USDA PLANTS.
  3. ^ a b c Cook, B. G., et al. Aeschynomene indica. Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine Tropical Forages. CSIRO, DPI&F (Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane, Australia.
  4. ^ a b "Aeschynomene indica". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d Aeschynomene indica. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). USFS.
  6. ^ "Aeschynomene indica L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d Le Houérou, H., et al. Aeschynomene indica L. Grassland Species Profies. FAO.
  8. ^ Bonaldi, K., et al. (2011). Nodulation of Aeschynomene afraspera and A. indica by photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium sp. Strain ORS285: The Nod-dependent versus the Nod-independent symbiotic interaction. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 24(11) 1359-71.
  9. ^ van Berkum, P. and B. D. Eardly. (2002). The aquatic budding bacterium Blastobacter denitrificans is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of Aeschynomene indica. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68(3) 1132-36.
  10. ^ Oliveira, F. N., et al. (2004). Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in swine from ingestion of Aeschynomene indica seeds. Vet Hum Toxicol. 46(6) 309-11.
  11. ^ Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. pp. 14, 15.

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Aeschynomene indica: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Aeschynomene indica is a species of flowering plant in the legume family. Common names include Indian jointvetch, kat sola, budda pea, curly indigo, hard sola, northern jointvetch, indische Schampflanze (German), angiquinho, maricazinho, papquinha, pinheirinho (Brazilian Portuguese), he meng (Chinese), kusanemu (Japanese), diya siyambala (Sinhala), and ikin sihk (Pohnpeian).

The true native range of this species is unclear because it is thought to have been introduced so widely, but it probably includes parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the southeastern North America. It is likely a naturalized species on many islands of the Pacific, the Caribbean, and the Indian Ocean, including Fiji, the Society Islands, Micronesia, Puerto Rico, Mauritius, and Réunion. It is also introduced in South America.

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