dcsimg

Comments

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A slow growing, ornamental plant; cultivated in gardens.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 28 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Description

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Evergreen shrub or small tree, bark smooth, young shoots pubescent, hairs white. Leaf imparipinnately compound, 10-15 cm long; leaflets 7-9, c. 3-5 cm long, c. 2-2.8 cm broad, obovate, coriaceous leathery shining; petiolule c. 3 mm long. Inflorescence a terminal raceme, 5-7.5 cm long. Flowers fragrant. Pedicel c. 7.5 mm long. Calyx c. 7.5 mm long, silky, 5-lobed. Vexillum c. 12- 13 mm long. Fruit c. 2.5-17.5 cm long, c. 1.2-1.9 mm broad, pubescent, constricted between the seeds. Seeds bright scarlet.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 28 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Distribution

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Cultivated in Kinnaird College, Lahore; native of Texas and Mexico.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 28 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
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Flower/Fruit

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Fl.Per.: March
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copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 28 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
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Common Names

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: shrub, tree

mescal bean
mescalbean sophora


TAXONOMY:
The scientific name of mescal bean is Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC.
(Fabaceae) [12,16].


LIFE FORM:
Tree, Shrub

FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS:
No special status

OTHER STATUS:
NO-ENTRY





DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Sophora secundiflora
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:
Mescal bean grows from southeastern New Mexico to central and
western Texas and adjacent Mexico [15,16].
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cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1990. Sophora secundiflora. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Mescal bean grows from southeastern New Mexico to central and
western Texas and adjacent Mexico [15,16].



Mescal bean distribution. Map courtesy of USDA, NRCS. 2018. The PLANTS Database.
National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC [24] [2018, February 1].

license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1990. Sophora secundiflora. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Mescal bean is generally not a dominant but occurs as scattered
individuals in many plant communities. It may become locally abundant
in riparian deciduous forests.
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1990. Sophora secundiflora. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Tree, Shrub
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1990. Sophora secundiflora. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Toxicity: The seeds of mescal bean are highly toxic to humans.
Symptoms of poisoning, which appear within 1 hour, include nausea,
violent and bloody vomiting, headaches, vertigo, confusion, fever,
excessive thirst, cold sweat, respiritory problems, followed by
convulsions and death [23].

Mescal bean's seeds, leaves, and flowers are poisonous to cattle,
sheep, and goats [13,22]. Cattle are most susceptible to poisoning by
leaves, while goats and sheep are more tolerant. Affected animals often
recover if placed on a high-quality diet 22].

Pests: Plants are primarily pest-free, except for infestations by
caterpillars of a moth in the family Pyralidae. Caterpillar
infestations of mescal bean have been controlled biologically
with a strain of bacteria (Bacillus thuringensis), which causes the
caterpillars to sicken and die [5]. Insecticide sprays such as Sevin or
diazinon may also be useful [5].

Control: Plants are susceptible to phenoxy herbicides and are usually
killed with one moderate application [18].
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1990. Sophora secundiflora. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

Plants generally flower in March and April [21,28]. The pods mature in
September [28].
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1990. Sophora secundiflora. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: root crown

survivor species; on-site surviving root crown or caudex
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1990. Sophora secundiflora. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
The scientific name of mescal bean is Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC.
(Fabaceae) [12,16].
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1990. Sophora secundiflora. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennial, Trees, Shrubs, Woody throughout, Stems woody below, or from woody crown or caudex, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems 1-2 m tall, Stems greater than 2 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules inconspicuous, absent, or caducous, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves odd pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets alternate or subopposite, Leaflets 5-9, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves hairy on one or both surfaces, Leaves coriaceous, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence terminal, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Bracteoles present, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Banner petal ovoid or obovate, Banner petal suborbicular, broadly rounded, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Keel tips obtuse or rounded, not beaked, Stamens 9-10, Stamens completely free, separate, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit stipitate, Fruit unilocular, Fruit tardily or weakly dehiscent, Fruit indehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit compressed between seeds, Fruit torulose or moniliform, strongly constricted between seeds, Fruit beaked, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit hairy, Fruit 3-10 seeded, Seeds o void to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds red, or scarlet and black.
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Dr. David Bogler
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Missouri Botanical Garden
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USDA NRCS NPDC
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USDA PLANTS text

Dermatophyllum secundiflorum

provided by wikipedia EN

Dermatophyllum secundiflorum is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae[2] that is native to the Southwestern United States (Texas, New Mexico) and Mexico (Chihuahua and Coahuila south to Hidalgo, Puebla, and Querétaro).[3] Its common names include Texas mountain laurel, Texas mescalbean, frijolito, and frijolillo.[2]

Name

Although "mescalbean" is among the plant's common appellations, it bears no relation to the Agave species used to make the spirit mezcal, nor to the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii), which contains the hallucinogenic alkaloid mescaline.[4]

Description

An evergreen, its leaves are pinnately compound, with small, roughly spatulate leaflets; the leaflets are rather thick, and waxy to the touch. Never tall, and rarely having a straight trunk, its bark is smooth in all but the oldest specimens.[5] It grows slowly to a height of 15 ft (4.6 m) and a crown diameter of 10 ft (3.0 m).[6]

Extremely fragrant purple flowers, resembling the smell of grape soda, are produced in large clusters in March and April.[7] They are followed by 4 in (10 cm) pods containing deep orange seeds.[6]

Habitat

It is well-adapted to arid and semiarid habitats, but is most common in riparian zones.[2]

Uses

D. secundiflorum is a popular ornamental plant due to its showy flowers and orange seeds. The reddish wood it produces is potentially useful, but as yet has little commercial value.

Further adding to this is the fact that the beans were once used by some Native American tribes as a hallucinogen, before being supplanted by peyote. This plant does not contain any mescaline, however; all parts of it are highly poisonous,[7] due to the principal alkaloid cytisine, which is chemically related to nicotine. The consumption of a single seed is enough to kill an adult.[8]

References

  1. ^ Gandhi KN, Vincent MA, Reveal JL (2011). "Dermatophyllum, the correct name for Calia (Fabaceae)" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 57: 1–4.
  2. ^ a b c Uchytil, Ronald J. (1990). "Sophora secundiflora". Fire Effects Information System. United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  3. ^ "Calia secundiflora". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  4. ^ "Mescal Bean & The Unrelated Peyote Cactus". Plants That Make You Loco. Wayne's World. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  5. ^ "Sophora secundiflora Texas mountain laurel". Arid Plant List. Pima County Home Horticulture. 2004-05-16. Archived from the original on 2010-02-28. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
  6. ^ a b Mielke, Judy (1993). Native Plants for Southwestern Landscapes. University of Texas Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-292-75147-7.
  7. ^ a b "Arboretum Spotlight: Smell the grape soda". The Sacramento Bee. ISSN 0890-5738. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
  8. ^ Little, Elbert L. (1994) [1980]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region (Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 506. ISBN 0394507614.

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Dermatophyllum secundiflorum: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Dermatophyllum secundiflorum is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae that is native to the Southwestern United States (Texas, New Mexico) and Mexico (Chihuahua and Coahuila south to Hidalgo, Puebla, and Querétaro). Its common names include Texas mountain laurel, Texas mescalbean, frijolito, and frijolillo.

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