Comments
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Trichostomum brachydontium is similar to Hyophila involuta in leaf shape and other characters, and sometimes likewise lacks a peristome. The leaves in section often show clearly the adaxially bulging distal cells characteristic of H. involuta, which, however, lacks the laminal papillae superimposed on the mammillae, and is hygrophytic. It is also quite like Tortella humilis when sterile but may be often be distinguished by its more elongate stems, less crowded leaves, which are not fragile (often fragmenting in squares in Tortella humilis), stronger mucro, and somewhat less obvious proximal V of hyaline cells. From Trichostomum tenuirostre, it is immediately distinguished in aspect by its somewhat broader leaf apex and less evident extent of differentiated basal cells. Specimens with short-conic mucros and without sporophytes can be assigned at least tentatively to this species on the rationale that the similar but autoicous Trichostomum planifolium commonly has sporophytes or at least antheridial buds, and the dioicous Weissia inoperculata is extremely rare and possibly introduced. The leaf apex is commonly reflexed, but occasionally slightly cucullate as in Trichostomum crispulum. Although the excurrent costa usually ends in a short-conic apiculus, it can approach (for example, in Tennessee, Norris 17134, MO) in robust specimens the narrowly tapering short awn of robust South American collections.
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Description
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Plants small to medium-sized, 1.5–2(–3) cm high, yellowish green to light brown, in loose tufts. Stems erect, simple or usually irregularly branched. Leaves crisped when dry, erect-spreading when moist, narrowly lanceolate, broadly acute to rounded-obtuse, mucronate; margins entire, more or less plane; costa stout, excurrent as an apiculus; upper leaf cells rounded-quadrate, moderately thick-walled, green and obscure, each cell with several large, circular papillae on both surfaces; basal cells slightly elongate, irregularly rectangular, yellowish, smooth. Dioicous. Setae 10–12 mm long; capsules erect, oblong-ellipsoidal; peristome teeth erect, linear, irregularly 2–3-divided, finely papillose; opercula conic-rostrate, with a long beak.
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Description
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Stem rounded-pentagonal in section. Leaves flattened, ovate to elliptical, distal margins plane or weakly erect, entire, not bordered; apex rounded or rounded-acute, plane to weakly concave, keeled or cucullate; basal cells evenly differentiated across leaf base or as a U, only weakly running up margins if at all, not distinctly enlarged submarginally; distal laminal cells pluripapillose with low papillae; mucro short-conic to stout and narrowly tapering, of 3-6(-10 or more) cells. Sexual condition dioicous. Peristome teeth absent, rudimentary or short-lanceolate.
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Distribution
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Distribution: China, Japan, western Asia, Russia, Europe, northern Africa, and North and South America.
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Habitat
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Habitat: on rocks, forest ground, grasslands, or thin soil over rocks.
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Synonym
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Didymodon brachydontius (Bruch in F. A. Müll.) Wils. in Hook., Brit. Fl. (ed. 4) 2: 30. 1833. Tortula brachydontia (Bruch in F. A. Müll.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 148. 1869. Mollia brachydontia (Bruch in F. A. Müll.) Lindb., Musci Scand. 21. 1879. Tortella brachydontia (Bruch in F. A. Müll.) Jens., Danmarks Mosser 2: 320. 1923.
Trichostomum brachydontium var. esquirolii (Thér.) P.-C. Chen, Hedwigia 80: 171. 1941. Trichostomum esquirolii Thér., Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 18: 251. 1908. Type. China: Guizhou (Kweitschow), Qung-mou, 1905, Esquirol s.n.
Trichostomum brachydontium subsp. mutabile (Bruch in De Not.) Giac., Atti Ist. Bot. “Giovanni Briosi”, sér. 5 4: 204. 1947. Trichostomum mutabile Bruch in De Not. Syllab. Musc. 192. 1838.
Weissia periviridis Dix., Hong Kong Naturalist, Suppl. 2(9): 1933. Trichostomum brachydontium var. eubrachydontium (Bruch) P.-C. Chen, Hedwigia 80: 169. 1941, nom. illeg. Type. China: Fujian (Fukien), Amoy, 11 VII 1931, Herklots 18b.
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Synonym
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Trichostomum mutabile De Notaris
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Comprehensive Description
provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Botany
Trichostomum brachydontium
Trichostomum brachydontium Bruch in F. A. Müll., Flora 12:393, 1829. [Original material: Spezzia and Cagliari, Sardinia, coll. F. A. Müller.]
Hymenostomum muelleri Bruch in F. A. Mull., Flora 12:386, 1829. [Original material: Near Cagliari, Sardinia, coll. F. A. Müller.]
Trichostomum mutabile Bruch in DeNot., Syll. 192, 1838. [Original material: Sardinia, coll. De Notaris.]
Hymenostomum unguiculatum Philib, in Schimp., Syn. 2:37, 1876. [Original material: Near Aix, Provence, France, coll. Philibert, 1871–1872.]
Plants in dark green cushions or crusts with stems to 2 cm high. Leaves to 3 mm long, to 0.5 mm wide, oblong-lanceolate, very short-acute; margins involute above; costa percurrent into short mucro, 70 μm wide at base; cells of upper lamina 6–8 μm in diameter, with dense linear or finely C-shaped papillae; basal cells to 70 μm long, to 20 μm wide, hyaline. Dioicous. Setae 1.0–1.5 cm long. Peristome short.
The species is reported from the islands by both Brotherus and Bartram, but no specimens have been seen in this study. The complete range of the species includes Europe, Asia, Africa, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, northern South America, and Chile.
- bibliographic citation
- Robinson, Harold E. 1975. "The mosses of Juan Fernandez Islands." Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 1-88. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.27