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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 18 years (captivity) Observations: In the wild these animals live up to 13 years (Peter Waser, pers. comm.). One captive specimen lived for 18 years (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Conservation Status

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IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Benefits

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No information

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Benefits

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No information

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Trophic Strategy

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The diet is mostly insects with small vertebrates, eggs, and fruit also being eaten occasionally. Most of the day is spent looking for food among brush, leaves, and rocks.

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Distribution

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Ethiopia to Angola and eastern South Africa.

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Habitat

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These animals inhabit savanah, woodlands, brush country and mountain scrub. They range from sea level up to 1,800m.

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; scrub forest

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Life Expectancy

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Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
10.0 years.

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Morphology

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Head and body length is 180 to 260mm and tail length is 120 to 200mm. Fur color varies, but is generally speckled brown to greyish. The tail and lower legs are generally darker, with the ventral surfaces being slightly paler.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average mass: 274.8 g.

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Reproduction

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Births occur mainly during the rainy season from November to May, and the dominant female often has three litters a year. Gestation lasts 49-56 days and average litter size is four. Young nurse for 45 days, and they are also brought food before being fully weaned. Juveniles begin to forage with the group at around six months of age. Full sexual maturity isn't reached until about three years old.

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average gestation period: 55 days.

Average number of offspring: 3.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
456 days.

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Sorin, A. 1999. "Helogale parvula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Helogale_parvula.html
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Anna Bess Sorin, Biology Dept., University of Memphis
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Brief Summary

provided by EOL authors
The Dwarf Mongoose (Helogale parvula) is the smallest of the Mongooses (family Herpestidae) and the smallest African carnivore, with an average total length of only 38cm and average weight of 267g. They inhabit savanna woodlands, crafting their dens in rock crevices and termite mounds, and consume a diet primarily of insects with the occasional mouse and small bird. They are highly social animals, living in groups up to 32, and live up to 18 years.

Common dwarf mongoose

provided by wikipedia EN

The common dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) is a mongoose species native to Angola, northern Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, Zambia and East Africa.[1] It is part of the genus Helogale, along with the Ethiopian dwarf mongoose.

Characteristics

The common dwarf mongoose has soft fur ranging from yellowish red to very dark brown. It has a large pointed head, small ears, a long tail, short limbs and long claws. With a body length of 16–23 cm (6.3–9.1 in) and a weight of 213–341 g (7.5–12.0 oz), it is Africa's smallest member of the order Carnivora.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Common dwarf mongoose in the Sabi Sands region of South Africa

The common dwarf mongoose ranges from East to southern Central Africa, from Eritrea and Ethiopia to the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga in the Republic of South Africa. It inhabits primarily dry grassland, open forests and bushland up to an elevation of 2,000 m (6,600 ft). It is especially common in areas with many termite mounds, its favorite sleeping place. It avoids dense forests and deserts.

Subspecies

  • Helogale parvula parvula
  • Helogale parvula ivori
  • Helogale parvula mimetra
  • Helogale parvula nero
  • Helogale parvula ruficeps
  • Helogale parvula undulatus
  • Helogale parvula varia

Behaviour and ecology

In the Serengeti

The common dwarf mongoose is a diurnal animal. It is a highly social species that lives in extended family groups of two to thirty animals. There is a strict hierarchy among same-sexed animals within a group, headed by the dominant pair (normally the oldest group members). All group members cooperate in helping to rear the pups and in guarding the group from predators.

Young mongooses attain sexual maturity by one year of age but delay dispersal, with males usually emigrating (in the company of their brothers) at 2–3 years old. Dispersing males may join other established groups, either as subordinates or by ousting the resident males, or they may found new groups with unrelated dispersing females. In contrast, females normally remain in their home group for life, queuing for the dominant position. They will, however, emigrate to found a new group if they lose their place in the hierarchy to a younger sister.

Dwarf mongooses are territorial, and each group uses an area of approximately 30-60 hectares (depending on the type of habitat). They sleep at night in disused termite mounds, although they occasionally use piles of stones, hollow trees, etc. The mongooses mark their territory with anal gland and cheek gland secretions and latrines. Territories often overlap slightly, which can lead to confrontations between different groups, with the larger group tending to win.

Dwarf mongooses tend to breed during the wet season, between October and April, raising up to three litters. Usually only the group's dominant female becomes pregnant, and she is responsible for 80% of the pups reared by the group. If conditions are good, subordinate females may also become pregnant, but their pups rarely survive. After the gestation period of 53 days, 4-6 young are born. They remain below ground within a termite mound for the first 2–3 weeks. Normally one or more members of the group stay behind to babysit while the group goes foraging. Subordinate females often produce milk to feed the dominant female's pups. At 4 weeks of age the pups begin accompanying the group. All group members help to provide them with prey items until they are around 10 weeks old.

A mutualistic relationship has evolved between the dwarf mongoose and hornbills, in which hornbills seek out the mongooses in order for the two species to forage together, and to warn each other of nearby birds of prey and other predators.[3]

Diet

The diet of the common dwarf mongoose consists of insects (mainly beetle larvae, termites, grasshoppers and crickets), spiders, scorpions, small lizards, snakes, small birds, and rodents, and is supplemented very occasionally with berries.

Publications

  • Anne Rasa: Mongoose Watch: A Family Observed, John Murray, 1985, ISBN 0-719-54240-5.
  • Anne Rasa: Intra-familial sexual repression in the dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) in Naturwissenschaften, Volume 60, Number 6, p. 303-304, Springer, 1973.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Helogale parvula.
  1. ^ a b Sharpe, L.; Kern, J.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Helogale parvula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41609A45206516. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41609A45206516.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Barnes, K. (2016). Animals of Kruger National Park. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-691-16178-5.
  3. ^ Rasa, A.O.E. (1983). "Dwarf mongoose and hornbill mutualism in the Taru desert, Kenya". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 12 (3): 181–190. doi:10.1007/BF00290770. JSTOR 4599578. S2CID 22367357.
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Common dwarf mongoose: Brief Summary

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The common dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) is a mongoose species native to Angola, northern Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, Zambia and East Africa. It is part of the genus Helogale, along with the Ethiopian dwarf mongoose.

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