Corallochytrea je razred koljena Choanozoa sa samo jednim rodom, Corallochytrium, morskim bičarskim organizmom, saprofitom.
Obično se nalaze u atolima Indijskog okeana. Prvo je identificiran u koritu lagune atola na Lakadivima u Arapskom moru.[1]
Ovaj sferni jednoćelijski organizam ima uzastopne binarne dione tako da će kćeri (do 32) ostaju upakovane unutar matične ćelije, dok napokon ne izađu kroz jednu ili više pora njenog ćelijskog zida. Ćelije kćeri, koje neki autori smatraju endosporama, ponašaju se kao izduženi ameboidi. Značajno je da mitohondrije imaju ravne grebene (kriste).
Corallochytrea je razred koljena Choanozoa sa samo jednim rodom, Corallochytrium, morskim bičarskim organizmom, saprofitom.
Obično se nalaze u atolima Indijskog okeana. Prvo je identificiran u koritu lagune atola na Lakadivima u Arapskom moru.
Ovaj sferni jednoćelijski organizam ima uzastopne binarne dione tako da će kćeri (do 32) ostaju upakovane unutar matične ćelije, dok napokon ne izađu kroz jednu ili više pora njenog ćelijskog zida. Ćelije kćeri, koje neki autori smatraju endosporama, ponašaju se kao izduženi ameboidi. Značajno je da mitohondrije imaju ravne grebene (kriste).
Corallochytrium belongs to the class of Corallochytrea within Teretosporea and is a sister group to Ichthyosporea.[2] Corallochytrium limacisporum is the only species of Corallochytrium known so far. It was first discovered and named in the Arabian Sea’s coral lagoons by Kaghu-Kumar in 1987. It was first thought to be a member of the fungi-like thraustochytrids, however, this was later disproven due to Corallochytriums lack of cilia and sagenogenetosome. Little research has been done on the life cycle or morphology. Most research concerning this genus has been done to uncover the evolution of animals and fungi, as Corallochytrium possess both animal and fungal enzymatic trademarks (C-14 reductase and α-AAR respectively).
The genus name is derived from the habitat in which it was first found: coral reef lagoons. The single species name is derived from the limax-shaped (slug-shaped) spores that are produced by the cell.(Raghu-kumar, 1987)
C. limacisporum was first discovered and named in 1987 in coral reef lagoons of three Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian sea; Agatti, Kavaratti and Bangaram (Raghu-kumar, 1987). The organism was initially thought to be a new thraustochytrid protist, a group of protists that closely resemble fungi and produce filaments from which they absorb nutrients (Raghu-kumar 1987). However, Cavalier-Smith & Allsopp (1996) explain that C. limancisporum had been wrongly classified as it lacks all defining characteristics of thraustochytrids. After phylogenetic analysis, Corallochytrium was determined not to be a thraustochytrid, but rather related to choanoflagellates. Cavalier-Smith assigned a new order and class for Corallochytrium under the phylum Choanozoa: Corallochytrida and Corallochytrea respectively (Cavelier-Smith 1995). Recently, Torruella et al. (2015) revealed that Corallochytrium has a sister group: Ichthyosporea and clusters within Teretosporea, an early branching lineage of unicellular organisms that are thought to be one of the closest relatives to animals (Marshall, 2014)
Corallochytrium has become an important species in unraveling the diversification of animals from fungi and opisthokont evolution. Corallochytrium and Ichthyosporea are thought to be the earliest branches of the holozoans (animals and all their ancestors, excluding fungi) (Torruella et al. 2015). However new phylogenetic trees placing Corallochytrium closer to fungi are emerging (Sumanthi et al. 2006). Phylogenetic trees based on the α-AAR gene, put Corallochytrium as a sister group to fungi, however trees using other genes, such as C-14 reductase, have been inconclusive in their placement in relation to animals or fungi (Sumanthi et al. 2006).
Corallochytrium is a small (around 5–20μm in diameter), round, non-photosynthetic choanoflagellate (Torruella et al. 2015, Cavalier-Smith & Allsopp, 1996). It possesses no cilia (despite being a choanoflagellate) and no sagenogenetosome (Cavalier-Smith, 2001). It has a thin wall of unknown composition, that does not resemble that of fungi (Cavalier-Smith, 2001). Like fungi and choanoflagellates, Corallochytrium has flat mitochondrial cristae (Cavalier-Smith, 2001).
Little is known about Corallochytrium's feeding and ecology, however its feeding regime has strong implications for the evolution of animals and fungi. Corallochytrium is a marine protist that inhabits coral reef lagoons in the Arabian Sea (Raghu-kumar, 1987). C. limacisporum is predatory and feeds on large eukaryotic prey (Hehenberger et al. 2017). Corallochytrium has the fungal signature α-aminoadipate reductase (α-AAR) which is involved in the α-aminoadipate (AAA) pathway that synthesises amino acids from inorganic nitrogen in fungi (Sumathi et al. 2006). α-AAR is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme in the fungi (Sumathi at al., 2006).. The presence of α-AAR in Corallochytrium suggests it is a sister clade to fungi. Like fungi, Corallochytrium has also been found to be saprotrophic (Cavalier-Smith & Allsopp, 1996). Coralochytrium also possess the sterol C-14 reductase gene involved in animal and fungi sterol pathways (Sumathi at al., 2006).
Little documentation of the Corallochytrium life cycle exists. However it is known that Corallochytrium produces colonies by binary, palintomic cell division (Raghu-kumar, 1987). Completion of the Corallochytrium life cycle involves the release of limax-shaped spores (Raghu-kumar, 1987).
Corallochytrium belongs to the class of Corallochytrea within Teretosporea and is a sister group to Ichthyosporea. Corallochytrium limacisporum is the only species of Corallochytrium known so far. It was first discovered and named in the Arabian Sea’s coral lagoons by Kaghu-Kumar in 1987. It was first thought to be a member of the fungi-like thraustochytrids, however, this was later disproven due to Corallochytriums lack of cilia and sagenogenetosome. Little research has been done on the life cycle or morphology. Most research concerning this genus has been done to uncover the evolution of animals and fungi, as Corallochytrium possess both animal and fungal enzymatic trademarks (C-14 reductase and α-AAR respectively).
Corallochytrium, es un género de protistas del filo Choanozoa. Es un organismo marino no flagelado y saprofito encontrado usualmente en los atolones del océano Índico. Fue identificado por primera vez en la laguna de un atolón coralino de las islas Laquedivas en el mar de Arabia.[2] Este organismo unicelular esférico experimenta fisiones binarias sucesivas de tal forma que las células hijas (hasta 32) permanecen empaquetadas dentro de la célula madre, hasta que finalmente salen a través de uno o más poros de su pared celular. Las células hijas, consideradas endosporas por algunos autores, se comportan como células ameboides alargadas. Significativamente, las mitocondrias tienen crestas planas.
Datos: Q5169611
Especies: Corallochytrium
Corallochytrium, es un género de protistas del filo Choanozoa. Es un organismo marino no flagelado y saprofito encontrado usualmente en los atolones del océano Índico. Fue identificado por primera vez en la laguna de un atolón coralino de las islas Laquedivas en el mar de Arabia. Este organismo unicelular esférico experimenta fisiones binarias sucesivas de tal forma que las células hijas (hasta 32) permanecen empaquetadas dentro de la célula madre, hasta que finalmente salen a través de uno o más poros de su pared celular. Las células hijas, consideradas endosporas por algunos autores, se comportan como células ameboides alargadas. Significativamente, las mitocondrias tienen crestas planas.
코랄로키트리움속(Corallochytrium)은 아라비아 해 락샤드위프 제도의 산호초 지대에서 발견되는 단세포 진핵생물 속이다.[1] 후편모생물이지만, 다른 생물군과의 근연 관계는 명확하지 않다. 예를 들어, 동물 또는 균류 중 어느 쪽과 더 가까운 지 확실치 않다.[2]
다음은 후편모생물의 계통 분류이다.[3][4][5][6]
후편모생물 홀로미코타 크리스티디스코이데아 균류/BCG2[7]
BCG1[7]
로젤라아계/Namako-37
홀로조아 플루리포르메아 필로조아 깃편모충류
