UPPER SURFACE: light to dark brown, smooth to strongly verrucose or blistered
LOWER SURFACE: brown to black, verrucose-papillate
APOTHECIA: black, roundish, raised or adnate, gyrose
CHEMISTRY: medulla C+ and KC+ red (gyrophoric, lecanoric and umbilicaric acids)
Northern temperate to boreal and Australia.
Common Name: Blistered Rock Tripe
Brown smooth to verrucose umbilicate lichen on exposed rocks with raised black button-like apothecia.
Exposed siliceous rocks, that often become covered with snow during the winter. Higher elevation in lower latitudes, making it all the way into Mexico.
Only Umbilicaria species bear any resemblance to this species:
U. phaea apothecia are sunken or flush with surface and angular, thallus smoother U. nylanderiana with sooty black patches of single-celled thalloconidia on the otherwise smooth lower surface U. polyphylla apothecia rare, multi-cellular thalloconidia covering patches of the smooth to papillose lower surface U. arctica paler lower surface, primarily arctic
Umbilicaria hyperborea, commonly known as blistered rock tripe,[2] is a species of foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It is widely distributed in arctic and alpine regions.
It was first described as a new species by Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius in 1794 as Lichen hyperboreus.[3] Georg Franz Hoffmann transferred it to the genus Umbilicaria in 1796.[4]
In a 2017 molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Umbilicaria, U. hyperborea was proposed as the type species of the subgenus Umbilicaria. Closely related species include U. polyphylla, U. iberica, and U. arctica.[5]
The thallus of Umbilicaria hyperborea ranges in colour from medium- to dark-brown, with texture of the upper surface more or less smooth or warty. The thallus undersurface is smooth, and there are not any rhizines. The disc-shaped apothecia are flat to convex and have multiple complex ridges.[2]
The lichen typically grows on rock in arctic and alpine climates.[2] It has, however, been recorded growing on acidic wood; specimens found in this substrate may have an altered morphology compared to those found on rock, such as stunted and faded thalli lacking apothecia.[6] It is one of the most common Umbilicaria species in Arctic and adjacent Northern locations.[7] Umbilicaria hyperborea has a very slow growth rate; in a study undertaken in Greenland, it was measured as 0.3–0.4 mm per year over the time period 1933–1970.[8]
Umbilicaria hyperborea, commonly known as blistered rock tripe, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It is widely distributed in arctic and alpine regions.
