Cycloramphus acangatan Verdade & Rodrigues 2003

Diagnosis A moderately sized species of Cycloramphus (adult females 44-48 mm, adult males 33-43 mm snout-vent length) with unwebbed feet, smooth skin, short and robust limbs, small eyes (eye diameter about 22% of head length), and strong massive jaw adductor muscles that confer a Â?Â?big headÂ?Â? aspect to these frogs.

Known from the municipalities of Cotia, Ibiúna, Juquitiba, Piedade, Pilar do Sul (23º 48Â? S, 47º 45Â? W), Ribeirão Grande, and São Bernardo do Campo, and from Parque Estadual Intervales, all localities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. It is probably present throughout the Serra de Paranapiacaba

passiflorina

Description of holotype Body elliptical in dorsal view; head slightly wider than long; jaw muscles massive; eyes dorsolateral, small, diameter equal to the eye-nostril distance; nostril small, protuberant, directed laterally; snout rounded in dorsal view and sloped in profile; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region concave; mandibulae slightly projected at mandibular symphysis; vomerine teeth in short series in medial contact posteriorly and between choanae; tympanum not visible externally; supratympanic fold evident, extending from posterior corner of eye to shoulder; vocal fold or slit absent. Inguinal gland conspicuous, rounded, and flattened in external view. Forelimbs and hindlimbs short and robust; thumbs lacking asperities; reduced fringes on inner edge of digits II and III; outer metacarpal tubercle rounded, flat, about twice as large as flat and ovoid inner metacarpal tubercle; digital tips not expanded; inner metatarsal tubercle flat and triangular, three times as large as outer metatarsal tubercle; tarsal fold absent. Skin smooth on dorsum and venter, becoming slightly granular along flank and in vicinity of head; small tubercles on eyelids; scattered granules on cloacal region. Color in life: Dorsum uniformly red brown with irregular white spots mainly along flank and dorsal surface of thighs. Belly uniformly red brown with irregular white spots; light stripes at tip of fingers and toes in dorsal view. In preservative (70% alcohol), colors are similar to those in life. Measurements of holotype: snout-vent length 42.9 mm; head length 16.4 mm; head width 17.7 mm; eye diameter 3.5 mm; eye-nostril distance 3.3 mm; interorbital distance 4.3 mm; hand length 10.2 mm; femur length 14.1 mm; tibia length 13.7 mm; foot length 16.6 mm; length of the inner metatarsal tubercle 3.0 mm. Variation Adult females of C. acangatan are larger than adult males (snout-vent length 44-48 mm and 33-43 mm, respectively). Only males have the inguinal gland; it is present in juvenile males, although it is more noticeable in adults. The inner metatarsal tubercles are also sexually dimorphic, being more noticeable and larger in adult males than in adult females. The fringes of the inner edge of the second and third fingers are so reduced that they are vestigial and might be overlooked in some individuals. Although almost all specimens studied had a uniformly red or dark brown dorsum, there was some variation in color pattern. In some individuals, the dorsal color pattern is lighter and a light bar between the eyelids is present. This lighter color pattern is most often present in juveniles. Some individuals present a series of light spots aligned from the posterior corner of the eyes to the angle of the jaw. The dorsal surface of the thighs is usually uniform with white spots. In some individuals, the light spots are aligned, although never in conspicuous strings. The color pattern of the belly is uniformly brown with light spots. In some individuals, the gular region is darker than the belly. The jaw adductor muscles may be more or less noticeable, depending on preservation condition.

AMÉRICA DO SUL

VU. Vulnerable.

Cycloramphus acangatan is a species of frog in the family Cycloramphidae. It is endemic to the Serra de Paranapiacaba, the state of São Paulo state, Brazil. The specific name acangatan is derived from the Tupi language words acanga ("head") and atan ("strong") and refers to the strong and massive jaw adductor muscles in this species.